Analysis of Bovine Endometrial Functions Using Three-dimensional Cultured Cells

Nobuhiko Yamauchi 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

Importance of the in vitro model of tissues or organs is now evident in tissue engineering and cell biology research. Till now, two-dimensional culture systems have been using for in vitro cell culture, and have contributed to cell function studies despite their limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) culture has been utilized in cell biology research because it appears to mimic morphology and physiology of cells in living tissues and organs, unlike conventional monolayer cell culture. In our laboratory, we are developing 3D culture systems of bovine endometrial cells as a tool for the analysis of uterine endometrial functions. Among them, this lecture introduces spheroid culture and Matrigel culture. 1. Spheroid culture; Spheroids are a spherical mass composed of cells and extracellular matrices (ECMs). We have regenerated multicellular spheroids composed of bovine endometrial stromal and epithelial cells using ascorbate (1). Expression of MMPs, which are key enzymes for the tissue remodeling of the endometrium, were analyzed using the spheroid. E2, P4 and type-I IFN did not affect the gene expression of MMPs in the spheroid. However, treatment of type-I IFN increased the clearance of MMPs in the supernatant. These results suggest that IFN indirectly regulates endometrial tissue remodeling through clearance of MMPs. 2. Matrigel culture; It is reported that cells form lumens automatically by culturing cells in Matrigel (2). Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane extracted derived from EHS mouse sarcoma cells. The bovine endometrial epithelial cells cultured in 15% Matrigel formed a circular or elliptical gland-like structure. Gene expressions of glandular epithelial specific factors (FOXA2, SERPINA14 and GRP) were significantly high in the Matrigel, compared to the monolayer cultured cells, except FOXA2. Further, SERPINA14 expression was affected by neither P4 nor IFN. However, when epithelial cells in Matrigel were co-culture with stromal cells, SERPINA14 expression increased significantly in the treatment of both P4 and IFN. These results suggest that bovine endometrial epithelial cells cultured in Matrigel show properties similar to the glandular epithelial cells in vivo, and regulated by the factors produced by the stromal cells. Finally, by using these 3D culture systems, it becomes possible to clarify not only factors regulating embryo elongation and implantation but also regulation of their expression. It will be able to reveal the mechanism of the embryo elongation and implantation to contribute to the improvement of the embryo transplantation technique. (1) Yamauchi N, Yamada O, Takahashi T, Imai K, Sato T, Ito A, Hashizume K. A three-dimensional cell culture model for bovine endometrium: regeneration of a multicellular spheroid using ascorbate. Placenta. 2003; 24(2-3):258-69. (2) Eritja N, Llobet D, Domingo M, Santacana M, Yeramian A, Matias-Guiu X, Dolcet X. A novel three-dimensional culture system of polarized epithelial cells to study endometrial carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 2010; 176:2722-2731.

Protection Design of DC Smart Grid

Yamauchi, Hayato,Kina, Masahiko,Kurohane, Kyohei,Yona, Atsushi,Senjyu, Tomonobu The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.3

Recently, introduction of renewable energy such as photovoltaics and wind energy has gained precedence for greenhouse gas reduction and oil substitution. However, due to the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources, voltage and frequency deviation are problematic in power systems. From the background, smart grids are attracting attention. Already, a smart grid based on AC grid is proposed. However, no study on research is presented or published on a smart grid based on DC grid. DC smart grid has been presented by the authors. The DC smart grid is robust to ac-side fault conditions. However, dc faults in the DC smart grid are not considered in previous papers. This paper analyzes dc faults, their transients, and the resulting protection issues in the DC smart grid. Over-current fault are analyzed in detail and provide an insight into protection system design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is performed by using PSIM environment.

A genome-wide association study in the Japanese population identifies susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes at UBE2E2 and C2CD4A-C2CD4B

Yamauchi, Toshimasa,Hara, Kazuo,Maeda, Shiro,Yasuda, Kazuki,Takahashi, Atsushi,Horikoshi, Momoko,Nakamura, Masahiro,Fujita, Hayato,Grarup, Niels,Cauchi, Stephane,Ng, Daniel P K,Ma, Ronald C W,Tsunoda, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature genetics Vol.42 No.10

We conducted a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using 459,359 SNPs in a Japanese population with a three-stage study design (stage 1, 4,470 cases and 3,071 controls; stage 2, 2,886 cases and 3,087 controls; stage 3, 3,622 cases and 2,356 controls). We identified new associations in UBE2E2 on chromosome 3 and in C2CD4A-C2CD4B on chromosome 15 at genome-wide significant levels (rs7612463 in UBE2E2, combined P = 2.27 ? 10<SUP>??9</SUP>; rs7172432 in C2CD4A-C2CD4B, combined P = 3.66 ? 10<SUP>??9</SUP>). The association of these two loci with T2D was replicated in other east Asian populations. In the European populations, the C2CD4A-C2CD4B locus was significantly associated with T2D, and a combined analysis of all populations gave P = 8.78 ? 10<SUP>??14</SUP>, whereas the UBE2E2 locus did not show association to T2D. In conclusion, we identified two new loci at UBE2E2 and C2CD4A-C2CD4B associated with susceptibility to T2D.

Recent Changes in Hospital Management in Japan

Yamauchi, Kazunobu,Mano, Toshiki 남서울대학교보건의료개발연구소 2005 2005 International seminar on "New trend of hospit Vol.1 No.-

Japan today is facing increasing healthcare costs, a lower birthrate, and an aging society, leading to concern about a lack of medical resources. Amid these changes the one thing most Japanese want to preserve is a universal health care system with guaranteed free access for patients. With this aim the central government and Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare are considering either reducing healthcare costs by a downward revision of the medical service fee points, andincreasing the amount that patients pay as a way to maintain healthcare resources. Meanwhile, hospitals are making efforts to eliminate waste and provide efficient medical care while maintaining quality. Some key measures for this purpose are 1) reorganization, 2) introduction of information technology, 3) adoption of hospital management methods, and 4) entry into comprehensive payment systems. These trends, however, are not seen in all hospitals. Rather, they are mostly occurring in major public medical care facilities, where these efforts have led to reduced need for financial compensation from the government and shorter hospital stays. Meanwhile, these trends have resulted in an increasing burden on healthcare providers, for which countermeasures are needed.

Chemical Sensors and Actuators for Rehabilitation Engineering

YAMAUCHI, Shigeru 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

Rehabilitation engineering is a new engineering field and becomes more important as the aged population grows. Fundamental aspects on rehabilitation engineering are briefly described. Sensors and actuators play significant roles in this field. Our projects on sensors and actuators are reviewed. They are enzyme embodied electrode and tungsten bronze electrode coated with solid polymer electrolyte. The former is for determination of blood glucose concentration and the latter is for functional electrical stimulation.

Performance of Lithium-Ion Battery with Tin-Phosphate Glass Anode and Its Characteristics

Yamauchi, Hideo,Park, Gumjae,Nagakane, Tomohiro,Honma, Tsuyoshi,Komatsu, Takayuki,Sakai, Tetsuo,Sakamoto, Akihiko The Electrochemical Society 2013 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.160 No.10

<P>The performance of a lithium-ion battery (LiB) fabricated with a tin-phosphate glass anode was studied as well as the characteristics of the anode. It was confirmed that the total positive charge of Sn<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in the glass anode is compensated by a reaction with lithium during the first charge by forming tin crystals. It was observed after the first charge that the glass is converted into a nanocomposite in which the metallic crystals are embedded in an amorphous lithium phosphate matrix. A half-cell fabricated with the glass anode showed a reproducible capacity of 550 mAh/g at room temperature, which was much higher than that of the cell with a graphite anode. The cell also showed a steady capacity of 160 mAh/g even at −20°C with no deposition of lithium dendrites. A full-cell fabricated with the glass anode and LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> cathode showed a good life cycle performance at 60°C along with no degradation in its life cycle performance. The tin-phosphate glass is a promising candidate as a new anode material that realizes LiBs with a high energy density that can be used over a wide temperature range.</P>

A Scaling Trend of Variation-Tolerant SRAM Circuit Design in Deeper Nanometer Era

Yamauchi, Hiroyuki The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2009 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.9 No.1

Evaluation results about area scaling capabilities of various SRAM margin-assist techniques for random $V_T$ variability issues are described. Various efforts to address these issues by not only the cell topology changes from 6T to 8T and 10T but also incorporating multiple voltage-supply for the cell terminal biasing and timing sequence controls of read and write are comprehensively compared in light of an impact on the required area overhead for each design solution given by ever increasing $V_T$ variation (${\sigma}_{VT}$). Two different scenarios which hinge upon the EOT (Effective Oxide Thickness) scaling trend of being pessimistic and optimistic, are assumed to compare the area scaling trends among various SRAM solutions for 32 nm process node and beyond. As a result, it has been shown that 6T SRAM will be allowed long reign even in 15 nm node if ${\sigma}_{VT}$ can be suppressed to < 70 mV thanks to EOT scaling for LSTP (Low Standby Power) process.

Molecular Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent ASK1 Activation in Innate Immunity

Yamauchi, Shota,Noguchi, Takuya,Ichijo, Hidenori The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2008 Immune Network Vol.8 No.1

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a mitogen- activated protein kinase kinase kinase, plays pivotal roles in stress responses. In addition, ASK1 has emerged as a key regulator of immune responses elicited by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger signals. Recent studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of ASK1 is required for LPS-stimulated cytokine production as well as extracellular ATP-induced apoptosis in immune cells. The mechanism of ROS-dependent regulation of ASK1 activity by thioredoxin and TRAFs has been well characterized. In this review, we focus on the molecular details of the activation of ASK1 and its involvement in innate immunity.

Quality inspection and error correction of NOAA data, and its application to the generation of Asian mosaic

Yamauchi, Kazushi,Takagi, Mikio 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

This paper describes a method to inspect and correct errors of NOAA HRFPT data, and its application to the generation of Asian mosaic. PN code and time code in NOAA HRPT data format are used to inspect its quality. Since PN code in each line has a prefixed value, the number of errors in PN code shows the bit error rate of its line. Time codes are used to detect missing lines and insert blank lines to compensate them. A new method to detect noises and remove them from AVHRR data is investigated based on the statistics of NOAA data, comparing a pixel data with surrounding ones, and modifies it if it seems to be suffered from noise. Now, NOAA data are received in Tokyo, Sendai, Kurosima, Bangkok and Ulan Bator in our project. This study is applied to generate NOAA Asian mosaic. As the first step, the stitching of the same orbital data received in Tokyo and Bangkok are studied, if data of Tokyo overlaps data of Bagkok, the lower error rate line is selected, comparing the error rate of corresponding lines.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Coding Region of Bovine Chemerin Gene and Their Associations with Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Cattle

Yamauchi, Eri,Suzuki, Yutaka,So, Kyoung-Ha,Suzuki, Kei-ichi,Katoh, Kazuo,Roh, Sang-Gun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

Chemerin, highly expressed in adipose and liver tissues, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity in these tissues in ruminants and mice. Our previous reports showed that chemerin is involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue as an adipokine. The aim of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the chemerin gene and to analyze their effects on carcass traits and intramuscular fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle. The SNPs in the bovine chemerin gene were detected in 232 Japanese Black steers (n = 161) and heifers (n = 71) using DNA sequencing. The results revealed five novel silent mutations: NM_001046020: c.12A>G (4aa), c.165G<A (55aa), c.276C>T (92aa), c.321 A>G (107aa), and c.396C>T (132aa). There was no association between 4 of the SNPs (c.12A>G [4aa], c.165G<A [55aa], c.321 A>G [107aa], and c.396C>T) and carcass traits or intramuscular fatty acid compositions. Regarding the remaining SNP, c.276C>T, we found that cattle with genotype CC had a higher beef marbling score than that of cattle with genotype CT, whereas cattle with genotype CT had a higher body condition score (p<0.10). Further, cattle with genotype CC had significantly higher C18:0 content in their intramuscular fat tissue than that of cattle with genotype CT (p<0.05). On the other hand, cattle with genotype CT had significantly higher C14:0 and C16:0 content in their intramuscular fat tissue (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of individuals carrying the minor allele of c.276C>T SNP is small. It is suggested that the c.276C>T SNP of the chemerin gene has potential in cattle breeding using modern methods, such as marker assisted selection. So, further functional and physiological research elucidating the impact of the chemerin gene on bovine lipid metabolism including fatty acid synthesis will help in understanding these results.