Pan-Caspase Inhibitor zVAD Induces Necroptotic and Autophagic Cell Death in TLR3/4-Stimulated Macrophages

Yuan-Shen Chen,Wei-Chu Chuang,Hsiu-Ni Kung,Ching-Yuan Cheng,Duen-Yi Huang,Ponarulselvam Sekar,Wan-Wan Lin 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.4

In addition to inducing apoptosis, caspase inhibition contributes to necroptosis and/or autophagy depending on the cell type and cellular context. In macrophages, necroptosis can be induced by co-treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] for TLR4 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly I:C] for TLR3) and a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD. Here, we elucidated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cell death. We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Electron microscopic images displayed autophagosome/autolysosomes, and immunoblotting data revealed increased LC3II expression. Although zVAD did not affect LPS- or poly I:C-induced activation of IKK, JNK, and p38, it enhanced IRF3 and STAT1 activation as well as type I interferon (IFN) expression. In addition, zVAD inhibited ERK and Akt phosphorylation induced by LPS and poly I:C. Of note, zVAD-induced enhancement of the IRF3/IFN/STAT1 axis was abolished by necrostatin-1, while zVAD-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt was not. Our data further support the involvement of autocrine IFNs action in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent necroptosis, LPS/zVAD-elicited ROS production was inhibited by necrostatin-1, neutralizing antibody of IFN receptor (IFNR) and JAK inhibitor AZD1480. Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway.

An Iterative Space Alternative Tiling Parallel Algorithm for 3D Finite Difference Stencil Computations

Jing Shen,Jilin Zhang,Jian Wan,Li Zhou,Ming Jiang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.6

Stencils are finite-difference algorithms for solving large-scale and high-dimension partial differential equations. Due to the data dependences among the iterative statements in Stencils, traditional Stencil computations are be executed serially, rather than in parallel. It’s challenging to design an effective and scalable Stencil parallelized method. To address the issue of 3D data space computing, we present a serial execution model based on multi-layers symmetric Stencil method and time skewing techniques. Within this model, the iteration space is divided to multiple tiles based on time skewing, where the executive process is ordered by the sequence of tiles, and the nodes in each individual tile can be swept repeatedly to improve the data locality. In addition, we propose a novel 3D iterative space alternate tiling Stencil parallel method, which subdivides the iteration space along high dimension, and changes the execution sequence of tiles to reduce the data dependency and communication cost, where the partial order of tiles is still guaranteed. Experimental results demonstrate our proposed alternative tiling parallel method achieves better parallel efficiency and scalability compared with the domain-decomposition methods.

Charts for estimating rock mass shear strength parameters

Wan, Ling,Wei, Zuoan,Shen, Jiayi Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.10 No.3

Charts are used extensively in slope practical application to meet the need of quick assessment of rock slope design. However, Charts for estimating the shear strength of the rock mass of a slope are considerably limited. In this paper, based on the Hoek-Brown (HB) criterion which is widely used in rock slope engineering, we present charts which can be used to estimate the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) parameters angle of friction ${\phi}$ and cohesion c for given slopes. In order to present the proposed charts, we firstly present the derivation of the theoretical relationships between the MC parameters and ${\sigma}_{ci}/({\gamma}H)$ which is termed the strength ratio (SR). It is found that the values of $c/{\sigma}_{ci}$ and ${\phi}$ of a slope depend only on the magnitude of SR, regardless of the magnitude of the individual parameters ${\sigma}_{ci}$(uniaxial compressive strength), ${\gamma}$(unit weight) and H (slope height). Based on the relationships between the MC parameters and SR, charts are plotted to show the relations between the MC parameters and HB parameters. Using the proposed charts can make a rapid estimation of shear strength of rock masses directly from the HB parameters, slope geometry and rock mass properties for a given slope.

Identification of miR-23a as a novel microRNA normalizer for relative quantification in human uterine cervical tissues

Shen, Yuanming,Li, Yang,Ye, Feng,Wang, Fenfen,Wan, Xiaoyun,Lu, Weiguo,Xie, Xing Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.6

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is being widely used in microRNA expression research. However, few reports detailed a robust identification and validation strategy for suitable reference genes for normalisation in microRNA RT-qPCR studies. The aim of this study was to identify the most stable reference gene(s) for quantification of microRNA expression analysis in uterine cervical tissues. A microarray was performed on 6 pairs of uterine cervical tissues to identify the candidate reference genes. The stability of candidate reference genes was assessed by RT-qPCR in 23 pairs of uterine cervical tissues. The identified most stable reference genes were further validated in other cohort of 108 clinical uterine cervical samples: (HR-HPV- normal, n = 21; HR-HPV+ normal, n = 19; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN], n = 47; cancer, n = 21), and the effects of normalizers on the relative quantity of target miR-424 were assessed. In the array experiment, miR-26a, miR-23a, miR-200c, let-7a, and miR-1979 were identified as candidate reference genes for subsequent validation. MiR-23a was identified as the most reliable reference gene followed by miR-191. The use of miR-23a and miR-191 to normalize expression data enabled detection of a significant deregulation of miR-424 between normal, CIN and cancer tissue. Our results suggested that miR-23a and miR-191 are the optimal reference microRNAs that can be used for normalization in profiling studies of cervical tissues; miR-23a is a novel microRNA normalizer.

Diagnostic Value of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assay in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Meta-analysis

Wan, Chun,Shen, Yong-Chun,Liu, Meng-Qi,Yang, Ting,Wang, Tao,Chen, Lei,Yi, Qun,Wen, Fu-Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) remains a clinical challenge and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay has been reported to be one promising tool. The present meta-analysis aimed to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of FISH for diagnosing MM. After a systematic review of English language studies, the sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of FISH in the diagnosis of MM were pooled using random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to summarize overall test performance. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for FISH for diagnosing MM being 0.72 (95% CI 0.67-0.76) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 34.5 (95% CI 14.5-82.10), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24 (95% CI 0.16-0.36), and the diagnostic odds ratio was 204.9 (95% CI 76.8-546.6), the area under the curve being 0.99. Our data suggest that the FISH assay is likely to be a useful diagnostic tool for confirming MM. However, considering the limited studies and patients included, further large scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Thermodynamic Investigation of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation

Shen, Wen Jie,Jun, Ki Won,Choi, Ho Suk,Lee, Kyu Wan 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.17 No.2

The thermodynamics involved in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ have been examined extensively. By assuming that methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) are the main products, two reaction systems each consisting of two pararell reactions were analyzed and compared in terms of the equilibrium yield and selectivity of the useful products, methanol and DME. The calculation results demonstrated that the production of DME allows much higher oxygenate yield and selectivity than that of methanol.

강원도 통합지역과 비통합지역 재정지출의 장・단기 효과분석

심권평(Shen, Quanping),김종섭(Kim, Jong-sup),류승완(Ryu, Seung-wan),박경희(Park, Kyeung-hee) 강원대학교 사회과학연구원 2016 사회과학연구 Vol.55 No.2

본 연구는 1995년부터 2013년까지 연간 패널 데이터를 활용하여 강원도 통합지역과 비통합지역을 대상으로 재정지출의 장·단기 효과를 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 사회개발비는 단기적으로 통합지역과 비통합지역 경제에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 탄력성은 비통합지역이 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 장기적으로는 비통합지역에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있으며, 통합지역 경제에는 효과적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 경제개발비의 탄력성은 단기적으로는 통합지역에만 경제성장 효과가 있고, 장기적으로 통합지역과 비통합지역 모두 경제성장 효과를 가지고 있으며, 장기효과의 탄력성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 일반행정비는 통합지역에서만 경제에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 통합지역에서는 장기적으로 사회개발비가 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 방안을 강구 할 필요가 있으며, 비통합지역은 경제개발비와 일반행정비의 경제성장효과를 제고시킬 수 있도록 재정지출의 효율성을 높이는 투자방안을 모색하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. This paper analyzes the difference of the short-run and long-run impact of government expenditure using panel data during 1995-2013. As a result, it was found that social development expenditure of Integration Area and Non-Integration Area tends to have positive impacts on the economic in the short-run, but have negative impacts on the economic in the long-run to Integration Area. On the other hand, economic development expenditure of Integration Area have statistically impacts on economic in the short-run. Both Integration Area and Non-Integration Area have positive impacts on economic in the long-run, and statistic impacts larger than short-run. Furthermore, the general administration expenditure of Integration Area have positive impact on economic both in the short-run and long-run. Therefore, it is important to change constitution of social development expenditure, that the social development expenditure has the positive impacts on economic consistently to Integration Area. Also, search the way of improve economic development expenditure and general administration expenditure short and long-run impact of Non-Integration Area for government expenditure invest more efficiently.

Applying Mindfulness Techniques to the Management of Depressive Tendencies in Women in Taiwan in the Perinatal Period: A Qualitative Study

Pan Wan-Lin,Gau Meei-Ling,Hsu Tzu-Chuan,Shen Shu-Chiao,Lee Tzu-Ying 한국간호과학회 2022 Asian Nursing Research Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: Perinatal distress, especially depression, commonly occurs during pregnancy and the first year postpartum, but this medical condition are often undiagnosed and untreated. The present study explored how women with depressive symptoms during the perinatal period who had participated in a mindfulness course applied the training and perceived its effects. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study included 16 women with probable perinatal depression who had participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting program during their pregnancy and agreed to be interviewed. One-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted and recorded following the completion of the mindfulness course, approximately 1 month after childbirth. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results: We proposed three themes and six subthemes relating to first-time mothers’ experiences during and after the group mindfulness-based intervention: learning to be aware of the body and mind (confronting awareness of physical change, managing negative feelings differently), building positive family relationships (strengthening the motherebaby bond, developing a satisfactory marital partnership), and overcoming ongoing challenges (conquering childbirth pain with confidence, accepting unexpected situations). Three main themes were generated to demonstrate how women experience the effects of mindfulness training. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based interventions helped the participants develop insight into their mood and physical changes and accept their childbirth process. Therefore, mindfulness education programs can be incorporated into prenatal care to enhance the management of the depressive symptoms of perinatal women.

Investigation of a 0 Ohm Substitution Current Probe and its Application

Fayu Wan,Qi Liu,Jian Shen,Jin Wang,Nigel Linge 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.1

Systematical Study on Concentrated (In<SUB>1-x</SUB>Co<SUB>x</SUB>)₂O₃ Ferromagnetic Semiconductor

Shi-shen Yan,Rui-min Qiao,Wan-li Yang,Yan-xue Chen,Guo-lei Lu,Liang-mo Mei 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12