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( Tomy Listyanto ),( Hanan Purana Putra ),( Ganis Lukmandaru ),( Joko Sulistyo ),( Sugi Purwanto ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1
The aim was to investigate the effect of girdling duration on durability and mechanical properties of 12 years old fast growing teak. Samples were obtained from 12- years old fast growing teak. Four girdling durations, which were 0 month, 3 months, 9 months and 12 months, were applied before harvesting Samples from heartwood and sapwood were tested against dry wood termites for four weeks. The observed parameters were mortality and mass losses. Modulus of Rupture (MoR) and Modulus of elasticity (MoE) were measured to examine the mechanical properties. The data were then tested using variance analysis with significantly level of 5 % and continued by Honestly Significant Difference Tukey to find the difference. The result showed that the durability class against dry wood termites of heartwood among girdling duration of 0 month, 3 months, 9 months and 12 months were class V, IV, II and II, respectively, while the sapwood one were class V, V, V and IV, respectively. The value of MoR and MoE increased slightly as the duration of girdling increased.
( Tomy Listyanto ),( Galihaji Saka Felix E. K. Sembiring Colia ),( Harry Praptoyo ),( Yus Andhini ),( Joko Sulistyo ) 韓國木材工學會 2017 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of various incising density and two type of drying schedules on drying characteristics of teak wood (Tectonagrandis, L.f). Three teaktrees with the diameter of 300-400 mm were cut and sawn into columns with the dimension of 100 x 100 x 5000 mm. Each columnwas cut into five parts with the length of 500 mm. A total of 50 columns with the dimension of 100 x 100 x 500 mm, were used for drying samples. A small sample with the dimension of 20 x 20 x 25 mm was taken in between drying sample to measure initial moisture content. Mechanical incisicing was applied to the the drying sample. Four various incising densities, which were 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 holes/m², were applied to the drying samples. Samples were dried with two different drying schedules, which were low and high temperature, until the moisture content of 12%. Five samples for each factor were used as replication. To evaluate the drying quality, drying rate, defects, and moisture distribution were measured. Static bending test was performed to investigate the strength properties. The results indicated that incising densities of 1500 holes/m² and high-temperature drying could significantly improve drying rate without significants defects. No significant decrease of strength properties among five incising densities was found in this research.
Tomy Lo Ph.D.,Osbert Chan Ph.D. 대한시과학회 2015 대한시과학회지 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05
Purpose: Non-invasive tear break up time (NITBUT) is a test commonly used by clinicians to measure the stability of the tear film. This study aims to compare the NITBUT of the Bausch and Lomb Biotrue Oneday (BT) Daily Disposable contact lenses against 3 other commercially available daily disposable lenses to see if BT can provide a more stable pre-lens tear film over the other 3 types of lenses at 12 hours of lens wear. Methods: Twelve existing contact lens wearers were recruited to wear 4 types of contact lenses each for a day of at least 12 hours. Other than BT, the other 3 test lenses were the daily disposable lenses made of etafilcon A (AV), narafilcon A (TE) and delefilcon A (DT1) materials. Each subject was assigned the lenses without knowing the brand of the lenses. Baseline NITBUT was first measured with no lens in the eye and pre-lens NITBUT was measured again at 12 hours after the lenses were worn. The NITBUT was measured using Oculus Keratograph 5M. This instrument measures the NITBUT objectively using infrared illumination which is invisible to the human eye and can prevent glare or bright light irritation during examination. Results: NITBUT was provided by the instrument as “first break” and “average break” values. In this study, the first break value was analyzed because that was the time when the break-up of tears was first detected by the instrument, and that matches with what the clinicians normally do in measuring NITBUT. The NITBUT for the nesofilcon A lens (BT) was longer than that for all the other 3 lens types in 10 out of the 12 subjects (83%). The mean TBUT for BT, AV, TE, DT1 was respectively 17.9 ± 4.3 sec, 9.5 ± 3.3 sec, 8.3 ± 5.9 sec and 8.8 ± 3.6 sec. Not only is the difference in NITBUT statistically significant (p<0.05, paired t-test – nesofilcon A (BT) Vs each of the 3 lens types), but also the NITBUT for BT is about double than that for all the other 3 types of lenses. Conclusion: The NITBUT for the nesofilcon A lens (BT) measured at 12 hours was about double than that for the other 3 lens types and the difference was statistically significant. The results suggested that the Biotrue Oneday provides a more stable pre-lens tear film than the other 3 types of daily disposable lenses at 12 hours of lens wear.
Application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines in Automotive Steering Systems
Sebastian Tomy,Islam Mohammad S.,Mir Sayeed The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2005 KIEE International Transactions on Electrical Mach Vol.b5 No.2
Several of the conventional hydraulic systems in an automobile are now being replaced by more reliable and energy efficient electromechanical systems. Developments in the brushless permanent magnet machine and in the power and control electronics are the key factors responsible for this transformation. These applications brought out some performance challenges associated with the brushless machines. This paper will focus on these challenges to be able to use these machines in such applications. In terms of replacing hydraulic systems with electromechanical systems, steering system is leading the way in automobiles. Currently, steering systems using Electro-hydraulically assisted systems and Electrically assisted (Electromechanical) systems are in the market. Though the Electrically assisted power steering has several advantages over other systems, certain performance and cost challenges delayed the penetration of such systems in to the market.
( Joko Sulistyo ),( Sri Nugroho Marsoem ),( Tomy Listyanto ),( Nam Hum Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1
The fire-retardancy and thermal degradation of inferior tropical timber, i.e. sengon (Paraserianthes mollucana), overlaid with charcoal composite made from three wood species i.e. asam (Tamarindus indica), rambutan (Naphelium lappaceum) and melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) were studied under fire test. Borax 0%, 3% and 5% of charcoal dry weight were added into charcoal composite. The fire-retardancy of overlaid charcoal composite in fire test was affected by an interaction of charcoal wood species and the percentage of additional borax. The optimal fire-retardancy properties were shown by sengon timber overlaid with 5% borax added charcoal composite from Asam.
A. Thirumurugan,S. Ramachandran,Neethu Anns Tomy,G. J. Jiflin,G. Rajagomathi 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.12
Biological sources of microorganisms and plants are playing a major role in the reduction of metallic nanoparticles such as silver and gold, as it emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach in nanotechnology. We report on the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis and its effect on increased antibacterial and antifungal activities against clinically isolated organism. When the supernatant of Bacillus subtilis was added to HAuCl4 aqueous solution, HAuCl4 was reduced as Au+ ions, which confirmed the presence of nanoparticles by the color change of pale yellow to purple. The minimum and maximum peaks were observed at 24th and 120th hours by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The combined antibacterial and antifungal activities with various antibiotics were observed against clinical isolates.
Sara Vergis,Philip Sam,Paul Vergis,Manjit George,Nevil C Philip,Mithu Tomy 대한중환자의학회 2023 Acute and Critical Care Vol.38 No.2
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory failure who experience delayed initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation have poor outcomes. The lack of objective measures to define the timing of intubation is an area of concern. We investigated the effect of timing of intubation based on respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index on the outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were intubated were grouped into early intubation (within 12 hours of ROX index <4.88) or delayed intubation (12 hours or more hours after ROX <4.88). Results A total of 58 patients was included in the study after exclusions. Among them, 20 patients were intubated early, and 38 patients were intubated 12 hours after ROX index <4.88. The mean age of the study population was 57±14 years, and 55.0% of the patients were male; diabetes mellitus (48.3%) and hypertension (50.0%) were the most common comorbidities. The early intubation group had 88.2% successful extubation, while only 11.8% of the delayed group had successful extubation (P<0.001). Survival was also significantly more frequent in the early intubation group. Conclusions Early intubation within 12 hours of ROX index <4.88 was associated with improved extubation and survival in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
pH-Sensitive Hydrogels Based on (Meth)Acrylates and Itaconic Acid
Simonida Lj. Tomić,Marija M. Babić,Katarina M. Antić,Jovana S. Jovašević Vuković,Neda B. Malešić,Jovanka M. Filipović 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.11
Novel hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), itaconic acid (IA) and different poly(alkylene glycol) (meth)acrylates (PAGM) (P(HEMA/IA/PAGM)) were synthesized. We investigated the influenceof different PAGM components, with acrylic or methacrylic acid residues in the main chain and ethylene glycol (EG)and/or propylene glycol (PG) units in pendant chains of varying length, on the nature and inherent properties ofP(HEMA/IA/PAGM) copolymeric hydrogels. Swelling studies revealed pH sensitive behavior of P(HEMA/IA/PAGM)samples. Hydrogel structure and morphology were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopyand scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed their chemical structure and differences in pore size. The shear modulus values for P(HEMA/IA/PAGM) hydrogels were close to that of PHEMA, but slightly lower thanthe value for P(HEMA/IA). Cephalexin (CEX) drug release profiles from P(HEMA/IA/PAGM) samples showed amarked dependence on the PAGM component. The presence of IA also influenced the release rate of CEX, leadingto a faster release when IA was combined with the more hydrophilic PAGM component. An in vitro assay of P(HEMA/IA/PAGM) cytotoxicity showed good cell viability. The results obtained indicate that P(HEMA/IA/PAGM) hydrogelproperties were significantly dependent on the PAGM component, meaning that the type of side chains can be usedto tune the characteristics of such biomaterials. These properties make P(HEMA/IA/PAGM) copolymeric hydrogelsapplicable in biomedical and biotechnological fields and controlled drug delivery.