High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Delivery during Bronchoalveolar Lavage: A Question of Methodology Influence?

( Subrata Kumar Singha ),( Antonio M Esquinas ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.1

Future of Organised Retailing in India - The Critical HR Issues

Subrata Kumar Nandi 강원대학교 경영연구소 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.4 No.2

According to the Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) published by A.T. Kearney (2012), India is the 5th most attractive retail destination in the world. The retail industry in India has been largely fragmented with small businesses dominating the retail landscape, with very few large players having multiple retail outlets. However, in the last few years, the industry has witnessed a significant growth in the number of large retailers having a chain of outlets across the country. This growth in the organised retail sector has driven primarily by large Indian retail organisations and conglomerates. With the government reducing the restrictions on foreign participation in Indian retail business by increasing the FDI cap on both single and multi-brand retail outlets, the industry is likely to see an explosive growth in the organised retail sector which accounts for only 8 percent of the total industry. With more foreign retailers poised to enter into the country, one of the key issues that the industry may face is finding the right quality of manpower. Literature suggests that in an industry which is characterised by players offering similar kinds of product assortments at similar price levels, success would be governed by the quality of service, which entails employees having the right skills and attitudes for offering quality service. Therefore, the two key issues that may be of importance for retailers are levels of skills and the motivation of the employees. However, according to the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC, 2009), a significant skill gap exists in the industry, which may widen further in the years ahead, leading to greater challenges for organisations. This paper highlights some of the challenges and issues which characterise the industry in India, and suggests how companies could look at these challenges and seek ways to overcome these challenges.

The spatial clustering of dengue disease and risk susceptibility mapping: an approach towards sustainable health management in Kharagpur city, India

Subrata Ghosh,Santanu Dinda,Nilanjana Das Chatterjee,Kousik Das,Riya Mahata 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2

Dengue fever becomes one of the serious vectorborne diseases in the world, particularly in tropical countries. Mosquitoes borne disease transmission are mainly transpired by physical, environmental and socio-economic variables. Therefore, disease mapping is essential for monitoring, prediction, and prevention of dengue. Accordingly, the aims of this research are to find out the dengue outbreak, spatial pattern, understand the factors and construct a risk map to accurately predict and control of dengue. For this purpose, the Kharagpur city of West Bengal has been selected which is frequently encountered with the dengue outbreak. Epidemiological data were collected from the district health department. The spatial scan statistics of the Poisson model and Local Moran’s I is used for the mapping of spatial patterns and concentration of dengue and Monte Carlo hypothesis testing was applied to test the significance of the result. Therefore, multiple logistic regression analysis has been applied with selected parameters to produce a risk map for the entire study area. Finally, this study has proposed suitable site-specific management strategies. However, this study provides an example of disease risk estimation which will be remarkable for spatial analysis of epidemiological research as well as health planning and disease surveillance.

Analyzing risk factors for shrinkage and transformation of East Kolkata Wetland, India

Subrata Ghosh,Santanu Dinda,Nilanjana Das Chatterjee,Kousik Das 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.6

The East Kolkata Wetland, called the ‘kidney’ of city Kolkata has now become a significant issue for its gradual loss and modification of anthropogenic activities. A socioeconomic elucidation had been used in this article through the analysis using GIS and field observation. Changes of wetland area have been determined from 1991 to 2017 with Landsat images and accuracy assessment through ground truth verification. It is seen that loss of wetland from 1991 to 2001 was 23.55% where it was 7.34% in 2011 to 2017, mainly due to the result of land transformation for aquaculture activity. Hence, three phases of degradation have been observed in this study, these are: the phase of rapid degradation, the phase of controlled degradation and phase of transforming degraded. At the same time, it’s highlighted the loophole of management actions. A multi-criteria analysis technique with the analytic hierarchy process has been applied to determine the risk factors of wetland degradation and it is seen that expansion of built-up area, encroachment of cropland, the transformation of wetland into fishing ponds are responsible for wetland degradation. In the conclusion, it highlights the approaches of land developers and real estate agents in their wetland hunting process and emergence consequences on the environment as well as conserving approaches for sustainable management.

Elite Agency and Governance in Changing Societies: India in Comparative Perspective

Subrata K. Mitra 서울대학교행정대학원 2008 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.16 No.1

The article uses a rational choice, neo-institutional model to analyse cross-region andover-time variation in governance in India. Governance is measured through qualitativeindicators (perception of law and order, measured by a national opinion survey) andquantitative indicators (murders and riots per million of inhabitants). The article raisesboth specific and general questions. Why did India succeed in achieving a high level ofgovernance compared to the majority of post-colonial states? Why has governancedeclined in some parts of India during the past decades? Which policies andadministrative and legal structures promote governance? How do India’s new socialelites*many of whom have come up through elections and policies of positivediscrimination*transform rebels into stakeholders and agents of law and order? Thearticle concludes that governance remains high when decision-making elites respond tochallenges to order through policies that combine sanctions with strategic reform and theaccommodation of identity.

Aluminum or Its Alloy Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposites

Subrata Mondal 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Aluminum or its alloys are widely used in automobile, aerospace, and marine due to their low density, good ductility, low cost,corrosion resistance etc. However, aluminum has several pit falls viz. poor strength, abrasion and wear resistance etc. Thesepit fall of aluminum can be improve by reinforcement of nanomaterials in the pure metal or alloy. Various types of nanomaterials can be used for the fabrication of light-weight aluminum/alloy matrix nanocomposites for high specifc strength,improved wear and abrasion property, better corrosion resistance etc. Recently, there is a signifcant research interest for thefabrication of nanocomposites by using more than one reinforcing materials. This article presents an overview of variousreinforcement materials used for the fabrication of aluminum or its alloy matrix based hybrid nanocomposites. Brief overview of metal matrix and specifcally aluminum matrix nanocomposites are included in the manuscript. Various processingroutes for the fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites are explained. Properties of hybrid nanocomposites with respect to thenano-reinforcement types, reinforcement concentration, morphology and microstructure are discussed. Further, potentialapplications and future trends of aluminum or its alloy matrix hybrid nanocomposites are presented. Finally, the article hasbeen concluded with several future scopes of research in the area of aluminum/alloy matrix based hybrid nanocomposites.

Experimental calibration of forward and inverse neural networks for rotary type magnetorheological damper

Subrata Bhowmik,Felix Weber,Jan Høgsberg 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.5

This paper presents a systematic design and training procedure for the feed-forward backpropagation neural network (NN) modeling of both forward and inverse behavior of a rotary magnetorheological (MR) damper based on experimental data. For the forward damper model, with damper force as output, an optimization procedure demonstrates accurate training of the NN architecture with only current and velocity as input states. For the inverse damper model, with current as output, the absolute value of velocity and force are used as input states to avoid negative current spikes when tracking a desired damper force. The forward and inverse damper models are trained and validated experimentally, combining a limited number of harmonic displacement records, and constant and half-sinusoidal current records. In general the validation shows accurate results for both forward and inverse damper models, where the observed modeling errors for the inverse model can be related to knocking effects in the measured force due to the bearing plays between hydraulic piston and MR damper rod. Finally, the validated models are used to emulate pure viscous damping. Comparison of numerical and experimental results demonstrates good agreement in the post-yield region of the MR damper, while the main error of the inverse NN occurs in the pre-yield region where the inverse NN overestimates the current to track the desired viscous force.

For India, ‘Middle’ Democracy Works

Subrata K. Mitra 동아시아재단 2020 Global Asia Vol.15 No.1

Application of frequency ratio (FR) model in spatial prediction of landslides in the Balason river basin, Darjeeling Himalaya

Subrata Mondal,Sujit Mandal 대한공간정보학회 2017 Spatial Information Research Vol.25 No.3

The present study aims to prepare landslide susceptibility map using frequency ratio (FR) model in the Balason river basin of Darjeeling Himalaya. Along with keeping in mind that, can the produced landslide susceptibility map yields acceptable landslide prediction accuracy or not. For that reliable landslide inventory map was prepared with a total of 295 landslide locations. The chosen landslide conditioning factors were altitude, aspect, slope angle, curvature, geology, geomorphology, soil, land use/land cover, normalized differential vegetation index, drainage density, lineament density, distance from lineament, distance to drainage, stream power index and topographic wetted index. To estimate FR value for each class of all the landslide conditioning factors pixels affected by landslide (%) and total pixels (%) were taken into account. FR model was applied to integrate all the data layers on GIS platform. The derived susceptibility map was divided into five categories i.e. very low, low moderate, high and very high which cover 17.52, 18.71, 30.35, 24.49 and 8.92% area of the basin respectively. The area under curve value of receiver operating characteristics indicates the prediction accuracy of the prepared map was 94.2% that is highly desirable. FR plots represent that there were positive relationship between landslide susceptibility classes and FR value. The prepared map will helping developers and planners to implement slope management plans, land use plans and other development action plans in this area.

Risk assessment via oral and dermal pathways from heavy metal polluted water of Kolleru lake - A Ramsar wetland in Andhra Pradesh, India

Subrata Das Sharma 환경독성보건학회 2020 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The Kolleru Lake, India is a famous wetland of international significance. Analyses of certain potentially toxic heavy metal ions in water indicate that this freshwater lake is characterized by highly heterogeneous distribution of chromium (Cr; 4.5-80 μg/L), copper, iron (Cu, Fe; below detection limit), manganese (Mn; 1-313 μg/L) and zinc (Zn; below detection limit). Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment indices like hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) are estimated following the guidelines recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). These indices are found to be within the acceptable limit (<1), indicating negligible potential health risk via ingestion and dermal routes. However, when the average values of these indices pertaining to the Kolleru lake are normalized with similar estimates from clean and uncontaminated global surface water, both high and low ratios are obtained. While Cr (12.5), Cu (2.3) and Mn (3.7) exhibit high ratios, those of Fe (0.09) and Zn (0.99) show respectively low and comparable values. The significance of such heterogeneous distribution of hazard indices and their ratios are discussed. Further, average carcinogenic risk levels of the adults and children due to Cr ingestion are estimated to be 0.00154 and 0.0022, respectively. Both values are higher than the permissible levels recommended by the USEPA. As a remediation measure, it is recommended that monitoring the levels of heavy metal in water and other items like fish in the lake or rice and vegetables grown in the area is needed to be carried out at regular intervals. This study therefore offers requisite perception to the local government and health officials to evolve their plan of action so that effective management and mitigation of water quality of the Kolleru lake can be administered.