Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via Caspase Activation by Resveratrol and Genistein

Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani,Palanisamy Marimuthu,Vanessa Hormann,James Kumi-Diaka,Appu Rathinavelu 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.2

Selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells is a much desired strategy when tolerance toward side effects is minimal during chemotherapy. In our search for natural products that can induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), we selected resveratrol and genistein for our study. We conducted several experiments to test whether genistein can synergistically enhance the apoptotic potential of resveratrol at doses lower than the usual cytotoxic dose. Both resveratrol and genistein were able to induce apoptosis by enhancing the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 by themselves and also in combination. After 24 h of exposure to resveratrol and genistein, individually or in combination, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in HeLa cells. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells was decreased, forcing JC-1 to stay in the monomeric form. The monomeric JC-1(5,5′,6,6′ -tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl benzimedazolyl carbocyanine iodide) emitted green fluorescence. In the control group, the color of the fluorescence was red due to aggregation of JC-1 in the physiological pH. The treatment groups exhibited DNA fragmentation as the hallmark of apoptotic nuclear features. We also detected an obvious decrease in the level of HDM2 gene expression after both individual and combination treatments with resveratrol and genistein. Our findings suggest that resveratrol and genistein when combined can induce apoptosis at doses lower than usual doses, through the activation of caspases cascade, and by decreasing the expression of HDM2.

Substituted Benzoxazole and Catechol Cocrystals as an Adsorbent for CO₂ Capture: Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Youn, Min Hye,Park, Ki Tae,Kim, Hak Joo,Jeong, Soon Kwan American Chemical Society 2017 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.17 No.9

<P>We report the synthesis of cocrystals of a substituted benzoxazole and catechol from a primary amine and 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone. Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that cocrystals 2 could be synthesized in excellent yield from 1 and 3,5-di-tertbutylbenzoquinone. Introduction of an amine into the cocrystal structure enhanced the CO2 adsorption capacity of the cocrystals at room temperature from 15.69 to 44.21 mg/g. Our results indicated the ability to use cocrystals for CO2 capture and to easily modify them to enhance their CO2 adsorption capacity.</P>

N3S-ligated Copper(II) Complex Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes under Mild Reaction Conditions

Sivanesan Dharmalingam,구은회,윤성호,Gyoosoon Park 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.3

A Cu(II) complex with an three nitrogens and one sulfur coordination environment was synthesized and characterized. Its redox potential was observed at 0.483 V vs. NHE, very similar to that of a Cu-containing fungal enzyme, galactose oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The Cu(II) complex selectively oxidizes the benzylic alcohols using TEMPO/O2 under mild reaction conditions to corresponding aldehydes without forming any over-oxidation product. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered and reused multiple times for further oxidation reactions, thus minimizing the waste generation.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Using a Model Carbonic Anhydrase Complex in Tertiary Amine Medium

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Choi, Youngju,Lee, Jiyeon,Youn, Min Hye,Park, Ki Tae,Grace, Andrew Nirmala,Kim, Hak-Joo,Jeong, Soon Kwan Wiley (John WileySons) 2015 ChemSusChem Vol.8 No.23

Enhanced CO₂ absorption and desorption in a tertiary amine medium with a carbonic anhydrase mimic

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Youn, Min Hye,Murnandari, Arti,Kang, Ji Min,Park, Ki Tae,Kim, Hak Joo,Jeong, Soon Kwan Elsevier 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.52 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the effects of a series of carbonic anhydrase (CA) model complexes on CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption and desorption in an aqueous tertiary amine medium. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydration efficiency was determined under basic conditions by using stopped-flow kinetics experiments. Catalyst <B>6</B> was found to exhibit the best CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydration efficiency (3.130×10<SUP>3</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) in the tertiary amine medium. In a highly concentrated tertiary amine medium, catalyst <B>2</B> was found to enhance the absorption and regeneration efficiency of CO<SUB>2</SUB> by 10% and 24%, respectively. Our results for simple CA model complexes indicate that possible usage of synthesized complexes in post-combustion process.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Growth of Chrysanthemum Cultivars as Affected by Silicon Source and Application Method

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu,Son, Moon Sook,Soundararajan, Prabhakaran,Jeong, Byoung Ryong Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.5

The effect of different silicon (Si) sources and methods of application on the growth of two chrysanthemum cultivars grown in a soilless substrate was investigated. Rooted terminal cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Lemmon Eye' and 'Pink Eye' were transplanted into pots containing a coir-based substrate. A nutrient solution containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si from calcium silicate ($CaSiO_3$), potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) or sodium silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) was supplied once a day through an ebb-and-flood sub irrigation system. A foliar spray of 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si was applied twice a week. Cultivar and application method had a significant effect on plant height. Cultivar, application method, and Si source had a significant effect on plant width. Of the three Si sources studied, $K_2SiO_3$ was found to be the best for the increasing number of flowers, followed by $CaSiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$. In both the cultivars, sub irrigational supply of Si developed necrotic lesions in the older leaves at the beginning of the flowering stage as compared to the control and foliar spray of Si. Cultivar, application method, Si source, and their interactions had significant influence on leaf tissue concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). The addition of Si to the nutrient solution decreased leaf tissue concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, Na, B, Cu, Fe, and Mn in both cultivars. The greatest Si concentration in leaf tissue was found in 'Lemmon Eye' ($1420{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and 'Pink Eye' ($1683{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) when $K_2SiO_3$ was applied through a sub irrigation system and by foliar spray, respectively.

Functionalized bipyridyl rhodium complex capable of electrode attachment for regeneration of NADH

Sivanesan, D.,Yoon, S. Pergamon Press 2013 Polyhedron Vol.57 No.-

A Rh(III) complex having a functionalized bpy-OH ligand that is potentially linkable to electrode surfaces was synthesized and fully characterized. The hydrido complex, which could be generated either electrochemically by cathodic reduction of the [η<SUP>5</SUP>-Cp<SUP>*</SUP>Rh(bpy-OH)Cl]Cl complex at -771mV (versus Ag/AgCl) or chemically with formate, transformed NAD<SUP>+</SUP> efficiently into NADH with a TOF=710 at 60<SUP>o</SUP>C.

Hydrogenation of CO₂ to formate using a tripodal-based nickel catalyst under basic conditions

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Song, Kyoung Ho,Jeong, Soon Kwan,Kim, Hak Joo ELSEVIER 2019 CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.120 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the synthesis of tripodal ligand-based nickel catalysts [Ni(tren)(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] (<B>1</B>) & [Ni(hmtren)(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)](NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>2)</B> and demonstrate its catalytic hydrogenation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> to formate in a basic medium. <B>1</B> exhibited the catalytic activity with a turnover number (TON) of 418 in a triethylamine medium at 120 °C. <B>2</B> was synthesized by introducing electron releasing methyl groups in <B>1</B>, which was found to enhance the production of formate and presented a better TON of 638. The catalytic effects of <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> in the production of formate with NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> and KOH bases are discussed, and this study validates the use of a non-precious metal catalyst for CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydrogenation in an aqueous medium.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nickel catalysts with tripodal ligands show hydrogenation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> to formate. </LI> <LI> Under basic condition formate was generated with non-precious metal catalyst. </LI> <LI> Catalyst could be combined with TEA, NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB>, and KOH bases. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Bioactive compounds in hyperhydric and normal micropropagated shoots of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott

Sivanesan, I.,Saini, R.K.,Kim, D.H. Elsevier 2016 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.83 No.-

<P>An efficient in vitro propagation protocol was developed for the production of bioactive compounds from shoot cultures of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. Nodal explants obtained from mature field grown plants of A. melanocarpa were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mgl(-1) thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with 0.1 or 0.5 mgl(-1) alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot multiplication. Among the various concentrations of TDZ studied, the maximum frequency of shoot multiplication (85.2%), mean number of (10.4) shoots per explant and mean shoot length (3.2 cm) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg l(-1) TDZ. The culture medium containing TDZ with low concentration of NAA produced more shoots than with high NAA concentration. The highest frequency of shoot multiplication (98.9%), mean number of (19.8) shoots per explant and mean shoot length (3.8 cm) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg l(-1) TDZ and 0.1 mg l(-1) NAA. Hyperhydric shoots were observed on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg l(-1) TDZ and 0.1 mgl(-1) NAA. The highest frequency of rooted shoots (100%), mean number of (10.6) roots per shoot and mean root length (5.4 cm) were obtained on 1/2 MS medium fortified with 1.0 mgl(-1) IBA after 30 days of culture. The in vitro-developed plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival. The highest contents of carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol and fatty acids were found in leaves collected from greenhouse-grown in vitro plants followed by normal and hyperhydric leaves obtained from in vitro-regenerated shoots. All-E-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid (65.1-191.4 mu g g(-1) fresh weight) in A. melanocarpa leaf samples. Linolenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in A. melanocarpa leaf samples tested, comprising 45.91-50.04% of total fatty acid. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Silicon Promotes Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Enhances Salinity Tolerance of <i>Ajuga multiflora</i> Bunge by Altering Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu,Jeong, Byoung Ryong Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2014 No.-

<P>We investigated the effect of Si concentration on shoot regeneration and salinity tolerance of <I>Ajuga multiflora</I>. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot induction. The average number of shoots regenerated per explant decreased on the medium containing NaCl alone, while there was less decrease when the shoot induction medium was supplemented with both NaCl and Si. The shoot induction percentage increased linearly with increasing concentration of Si in the NaCl containing medium. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activity in regenerated shoot buds as compared with the control. The inclusion of Si to the NaCl containing medium significantly increased the SOD activity in leaves and roots, while it decreased POD, APX, and CAT activity in both organs. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that there are no distinct differences in the structure of stomata between the control and Si-treated plants. However, NaCl treatment significantly affected the structure and number of stomata as compared to the control. Wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the high Si deposition in trichomes of plants grown in the Si containing medium but not in plants grown in the medium without Si.</P>