Performance of Antireflection Coatings Consisting of Multiple Discrete Layers and Comparison with Continuously Graded Antireflection Coatings

Schubert, M.F.,Poxson, D.J.,Mont, F.W.,Kim, J.K.,Schubert, E.F. JAPAN SOCIETY OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2010 Applied physics express Vol.3 No.8

Experience with Bank Filtration for the Public Water Supply in Dusseldorf, Germany

Schubert, Jurgen 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.2

The D?sseldorf Waterworks has been using bank filtration since 1870 as a means of water catchment. A great deal of experience and knowledge has been acquired over a period of more than 125 years. For the first 80 years, bank filtration alone, without additional treatment, sufficed in order to obtain safe potable water. After World WarⅡ, the quality of the Rhine water began to deteriorate. A few years later, the affects of this also became evident in the raw water in the wells near the river, making it necessary to treat the water for drinking purposes. Based on intensive studies, the ”D?sseldorf Treatment Process“, in which ozone and GAC are employed, was developed, and implemented for the first time at the D?sseldorf ”Am Staad“Waterworks. The first thermal reactivation plant of its kind, with a two-stage fluidized-bed reactor, was installed near the D?sseldorf ”Holthausen“Waterworks to recycle the used activated carbon. The positive trend in the quality of the water from the Rhine and its tributaries since 1970, reflects the success of national and international pollution control measures in the catchment area. The international Rhine Action Program, adopted a year after the Sandoz accident in 1986, gave effective impetus to the further improvement of the Rhine's ecosystem. Flow and transport phenomena occurring between the river and the wells the subject of a ”bank filtration“ research project which was successfully concluded a few years ago. One of the results of this project is a three-dimensional, dynamic simulation model, which describes the effect of shock loads resulting from accidental pollution of the river on the raw water in the wells. Another result is a tailor-made monitoring system, which has proven invaluable in determining and reporting any pollution of the Rhine due to accidents. The paper will essentially focus on water catchment by means of bank filtration embedded in the dynamic environment of a large river, including its scientific and technical background.

Libraries for Life: A Case Study of National Library Board, Singapore

Schubert Foo,Chris Tang,Judy Ng 한국문헌정보학회 2010 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Library 2.0 advocates a socially rich, multimedia enabled, user originated and communally innovative environment that poses significant opportunities for the libraries to evolve and make themselves even more relevant and significant for her users. This paper presents a case study of the National Library Board of Singapore, in playing a vital role to facilitate the realisation of a long-term key national program, The Singapore Memory (SM) Project. SM embraces the attributes of the Library 2.0 environment to enable the nation’s memory to be collected, organised, preserved, discovered, researched, augmented and created. The output of is an evolving collection of knowledge assets on Singapore along a Singapore Memory Content Continuum of existing content that is steadily augmented with new content. The content will be collected across all formats, in any language, from Singaporeans and non-Singaporeans, from any institution and agency, from Singapore and abroad, and from official and unofficial sources. The utopian scenario of SM Project is that any person, community, group or institution who has ever experienced Singapore in any way or has any material on Singapore will engage actively in the contribution, discovery and creation of content for the project, and thus become advocates to further encourage and catalyse more contribution, discovery and creation. The paper outlines the key approaches, concepts and ideas for the project. An important element is the proliferation, exposure and accessibility of the rich contents envisaged in the project. The SM proliferation plan along with examples of how two existing resources, namely, the Singapore Infopedia, a database of articles on Singapore’s history, culture, people and events and NewspaperSG, an online resource of current and historic Singapore and Malayan newspapers, have been designed are presented to demonstrate how content can be exposed, searched and discovered.

Hydraulics in bank filtration-field experiments, modeling, monitoring

Schubert, Jurgen 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.2

A Monoclonal Antibody That Specifically Binds Chitosan In Vitro and In Situ on Fungal Cell Walls

( Schubert Max ),( Siham Agdour ),( Rainer Fischer ),( Yvonne Olbrich ),( Helga Schinkel ),( Stefan Schillberg ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.8

We report the generation of the first monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the polysaccharide chitosan. Mice were immunized with a mixture of chitosans, and hybridoma clones were screened for specific binders, resulting in the isolation of a single clone secreting a chitosan-specific IgM, mAbG7. In ELISAs, the antibody could bind to chitosans of varying composition, but demonstrated the highest affinity for chitosans with lower degrees of acetylation (DA) and very poor binding to chitin. We tested the ability of the antibody to bind to chitosan in situ, using preparations of fungal cell walls. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the antibody bound strongly to the cell walls of fungi with high levels of chitosan, whereas poor staining was observed in those species with cell walls of predominantly chitin or cellulose. The potential use of this antibody for the detection of fungal contamination and the protection of plants against fungal pathogens is discussed.

Discrete Implementation Aspects for Online Current- and Voltage-Sensor Offset Calibration based on Inverter Voltage Distortion

Michael Schubert,Rik W. De Doncker 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Electrical drive systems without dedicated speed transducer require precise information about the terminal phase voltage to achieve acceptable low-speed performance. Recently, voltage-sensing techniques have gained in importance as they improve stability at low-speeds compared to the conventional estimation from the reference values. But, the additional sensors increase the sensitivity to sensor-offset drift, which can cause self-sensing control algorithms to fail at very low speeds. A novel online offset calibration method was introduced, which compensates for this drawback and offers full decoupling from the control algorithm. Using a pair of phase current and voltage sensors, the dead-time-related inverter voltage-distortion curve is measured continuously. Its point-symmetrical nature is utilized for sensor-offset detection. This way, both sensor offsets can be calibrated continuously during operation and for each phase individually. This paper addresses implementation aspects to achieve deterministic calibration dynamics. A step by step description of the calibration algorithm is given. The method is evaluated through measurements performed on a test bench for an electric-vehicle traction drive.

Plant responses to nano and micro structured carbon allotropes: Water imbibition by maize seeds upon exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon

Dasgupta-Schubert, N.,Tiwari, D.K.,Francis, E. Reyes,Martinez Torres, P.,Villasenor Cendejas, L.M.,Lara Romero, J.,Villasenor Mora, C. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in nano research Vol.5 No.3

Multiwalled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNT) and micro-structured carbon, such as biochar or activated carbon (AC), have been seen to significantly increase the growth indices of certain plant species such as maize (Zea mays L.). Seed imbibition is the stage where environmental factors that affect water transport across the seed coat barrier, make a large impact. This work explores the effect on water imbibition by maize seeds when the aqueous environment surrounding the seed is diluted by small concentrations (10 and 20 mg/l) of pristine MWCNT (p-MWCNT), carboxylate functionalized MWCNT (COO-MWCNT) and AC. The degree of sensitivity of the process to (i) large structural changes is seen by utilizing the nano (the MWCNT) and the micro (the AC) allotropic forms of carbon; (ii) to small changes in the purity and morphology of the p-MWCNT by utilizing 95% pure and 99% pure p-MWCNTs of slightly differing morphologies; and (iii) to MWCNT functionalization by using highly pure (97%) COO-MWCNT. Water imbibition was monitored over a 15 hour period by Near Infrared Thermography (NIRT) and also by seed weighing. Seed surface topography was seen by SEM imaging. Analysis of the NIRT images suggests rapid seed surface topological changes with the quantity of water imbibed. While further work is necessary to arrive at a conclusive answer, this work shows that the imbibition phase of the maize seed is sensitive to the presence of MWCNT even to small differences in the purity of the p-MWCNT and to small differences in the physicochemical properties of the medium caused by the hydrophilic COO-MWCNT.

Retrospective Evaluation of Efficiency and Safety of an Anterior Percutaneous Approach for Cervical Discectomy

Michael Schubert,Susanne Merk 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency and complication rate of a percutaneous anterior approach to herniated cervical disks with or without concomitant foraminal stenosis and/or spondylosis. Overview of Literature: Recent publications reflect that minimally invasive procedures gain in importance in patients and spine surgeons as they are generally associated with less tissue damage and shorter recovery times. However, for anterior percutaneous cervical discectomy, very little data is available for relevant patient populations. Methods: Charts from patients with herniated cervical disc confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, mainly radicular symptoms and irresponsive to conservative treatment who underwent anterior percutaneous discectomy were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were asked to return questionnaires that included visual analogue scores (VAS), MacNab score as well as subjective satisfaction data 2 years after surgery. Results: Ninety-five patients were included. There were no neurological or vascular complications; only one patient suffered from transient hoarseness. During the two years after surgery, 9 patients underwent reoperation. 90.5% of the patients returned the questionnaire at 2 years’ follow-up. 87.7% of them reported excellent or good outcome, 11.1% rated results as fair and 1.2% as unsatisfactory. On average, arm and neck pain improved significantly by 6.1 points and 5.8 points respectively on a ten point VAS. 94.5% stated that they would choose the same procedure again. Conclusions: This procedure has proved a safe and sufficient option for symptomatic cervical disk herniations with or without concomitant spondylosis and/or foraminal stenosis.

Why Should We Read Classics or Study Classical Scholarship?

Paul Schubert 한국서양고전학회 2016 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.55 No.3

Das Eigene des Schreibens - Uber eine Schreibmetapher Heinrich Bolls

Jochen Schubert 한국하인리히뵐학회 2010 하인리히 뵐 Vol.10 No.-