Lonely Negative Words in English and Korean

Miran Oh 한국영어학학회 2015 영어학연구 Vol.21 No.2

Oh, Miran. 2015. Lonely Negative Words in English and Korean. English Language and Linguistics 21.2, 83-100. Cross-linguistically, some words are used only in a negative sense. In this paper, these Lonely Negative Words (LNWs) in English and Korean are investigated through descriptions of their origins and real usages. As for English, the LNWs with negative affixes do not have positive counterparts (e.g., disgust, disappoint, incessant, etc.). In this case, either the positive forms never existed or vanished gradually. On the other hand, the meanings of Korean LNWs are interpreted as negative regardless of the presence of the negative elements (e.g., cayswu-eps-ta/cayswu, cwuchayk-eps-ta, etc.). This difference between the use of English and Korean LNW may be due to the syntactic difference of each language’s negative elements. The negative affix in English LNWs together with the stem composes one single word, whereas the negative predicate itself in Korean LNWs composes an independent constituent. Therefore, extracting the positive form without negation is more difficult in English. The current paper aims to introduce and compare the LNWs in English and Korean. This research points out an interesting fact that in some existing words, only the negative meanings survive.

포스트 코로나 시대, 대학 글쓰기 교육을 위한 ‘멀티디바이스 기반 글쓰기 교육 시스템’ 활용 연구 - 경주 소재 D대학의 교과/비교과 운영 사례를 중심으로 -

손미란 ( Son¸ Mi-ran ) 한민족어문학회 2021 韓民族語文學 Vol.- No.93

코로나19 이후 2020년 대학가는 비대면으로 거의 모든 수업이 진행되었다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 그리고 교양 글쓰기 또한 비대면으로 진행됨에 따라 비대면 교육에 대한 연구 결과도 짧은 시간 동안 쏟아져 나왔다. 지금 우리에게 필요한 것은 코로나19 이후, 포스트 코로나에 대응하면서 다양한 플랫폼을 활용한 교육 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 코로나19 이후의 글쓰기 교육은 디지털 리터러시를 활용한 방법으로 발전되어야 한다. 이때 본고가 제시하는 방법은 반응형 웹을 기반으로 다양한 디바이스에 최적화된 ‘멀티디바이스 기반 글쓰기 교육 시스템’을 활용한 글쓰기 교육이다. 모바일 환경이 일상이 된 지금에 PC 기반 온라인 클리닉의 유용성이 떨어진 건 분명한 사실이다. 그러므로 다양한 디바이스 환경에 최적화된 시스템을 적용한 클리닉을 개발하고 수업 내에 활용하는 교수법에 대한 고민은 꼭 필요하다. 코로나19 이후의 글쓰기 교육의 방향을 고민하면서 코로나로 인해 급격히 빨라진 온라인 기반 교육 환경을 강의실 안으로는 어떻게 끌어올 것인가. 여기에 대한 하나의 방안으로 본고는 ‘멀티디바이스 기반 글쓰기 교육 시스템’을 활용한 글쓰기 교육 방법을 제시했다. 그리고 실시간 화상 강의로 진행된 교과와 동영상 기반 온라인 강의로 진행된 비교과의 사례를 살펴봄으로써 그 유용성을 확인하였다. Not all classes at universities were contact-free in 2020 after the emergence of Covid-19. With untact liberal arts writing, results of studies on untact education were poured out in a short period of time. What we need now is to develop untact education methods using diverse platforms, coping with the post-corona age. Writing Education after Covid-19 must develop using digital literacy-based methods. At this point in time, this paper suggests writing education using ‘multi device-based writing education system’. Now that mobile environments are ordinary, it is certain that PC-based online clinics are less useful. Therefore, it is really required to develop clinics using systems suitable for various device environments, and think about teaching methods of applying these to classes. As a solution for the question on how to apply ordinary online environments to lecture rooms in writing education after Covid-19, this paper suggests writing education using ‘multi device-based writing education system’. The ultimate purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of such system by examining curricular cases of real-time video lectures and extra-curricular cases of video-based online lectures.

이인칭 서사의 시점 연구

이미란 ( Lee¸ Mi-ran ) 현대문학이론학회 2021 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.86

이 논문은 이인칭 서사가 기존의 시점 이론의 틀 안에서 어떻게 해명이 되는지를 바네트/버먼/버토의 시점 분류를 토대로 살펴 보았다. 서사 구조의 수준에서 발생하는 서사의 ‘인칭’은 서술의 주체가 아닌 서술의 대상이다. 이인칭 서사의 시점은 서술자가 스토리 안에 있는 경우, 일인칭 서사의 시점 구조와 유형이 같으며, 서술자가 스토리 밖에 있는 경우는 삼인칭 서사의 시점 구조와 유형이 같다. 따라서 이인칭 서사에서 서술자가 스토리 안에 있는 경우는 주인공 시점, 주변인물 시점, 메타픽션적 서술자의 시점 유형으로 나누어 볼 수 있고, 서술자가 스토리 밖에 있는 경우는, 전지적 시점, 선택적 전지 시점, 객관적 시점으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 이인칭 서사의 시점이 일인칭, 삼인칭 서사의 시점과 구조와 유형이 동일한데도 90년대 이후의 소설에서 이인칭 서사가 빈번하게 등장하는 연유는 포스트모더니즘이라는 시대정신과 이인칭 대명사의 관계적, 호명적 성격이 작가에게 새로운 서사의 영토를 제공했기 때문으로 보인다. Narrative ‘person’ operating at the level of a narrative’s structure is not the narrator, but the ‘person’ the narrator speaks about. This paper surveys how second-person narrative is explained in the existing point-of-view theories on the bases of Barnet/Berman/Burto’s point-of-view classification. The structure of point-of-view and type in second-person narrative is the same as that in first person narrative when the narrator is in the story, and as that in third person narrative when the narrator is in the outside of the story. Thus, the point-of-view types, when the narrator is in the story in second person narrative, can be divided in the narrator as a major character, the narrator as a minor character, and the metafictional narrator. And those when the narrator is in the outside of the story can be divided in the omniscient, selective omniscient, and objective. Even though the structure and types of viewpoint in second-person narrative are the same as that of the first-person and third-person narratives, the reason for the frequent appearance of second-person narrative in the novels after 1990s seems to that the spirit of the times of postmodernism, and the relational and apostrophic nature of second-person pronouns can provide the auther with new narrative territory.

재정착난민 멘토링을 통한 멘토 경험에 관한 연구

이미란 ( Lee¸ Mi-ran ),이윤정 ( Lee¸ Yun-jung ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2021 교육문화연구 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 재정착난민 멘토링 사업에서 멘토들을 대상으로 멘토링 경험을 살펴보고 이를 분석하여 재정착난민 멘토링이 나아가야 할 방향과 제안점을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 G시에 거주하는 재정착난민의 멘토 7명을 대상으로 2020년 6월부터 8월까지 심층 면담 하였고, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재정착난민 멘토들은 외국 생활 경험과 외국인의 접촉 경험으로 인해 멘토링에 참여하기 전부터 이주민을 향한 관심과 열린 마음을 가지고 있었으며 꾸준한 자원봉사를 통하여 섬김과 베풂을 실현하는 삶을 지향하고 있었다. 둘째, 재정착난민 멘토들은 재정착난민인 멘티에게 한국인의 따뜻한 정을 전달하였고 멘티들의 언어의 장벽과 정서적 어려움을 함께 극복해 나갔으며 멘티들이 자립할 수 있도록 끊임없이 교육하고 격려하였다. 그러나 멘토들은 멘토 역할에 대한 막막함, 동료 멘토와 소통 부재, 멘티와의 갈등 그리고 무관심한 운영기관으로 인해 어려움을 겪었다. 셋째, 재정착난민 멘토들은 멘토링을 통하여 무의식적으로 내재되어 있던 난민에 대한 부정적인 인식이 재정착난민에 의해 재발견을 하게 되면서 개선할 수 있었다. 또한, 멘토들은 멘티들이 많은 어려움 속에서도 한국 사회의 구성원으로 열심히 살아가는 모습을 보면서 자기 성찰과 반성을 하게 되었으며, 지속적인 만남을 통해 멘티들을 이웃이나 친구 또는 가족으로 생각하게 되었다. 넷째, 재정착난민 멘토들은 보다 나은 재정착난민 멘토링을 위해서 가정 단위 멘토 선발, 멘토의 사전 교육 실시와 매뉴얼 개발, 그리고 정기적인 회의와 감독관 필요를 제안하였다. 또한, 지역 사회 내의 위탁 기관 구성이 필요하며, 멘토링 진행 기간에 따라 멘티들의 수요에 맞는 멘토링으로 전환이 필요하다고 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제언을 하면, 첫째, 재정착난민인 멘티를 연구 참여자로 선정하여 멘티의 경험에 대한 연구를 시도해 볼 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 1차 시범 사업과 2차 시범 사업의 재정착난민이 한국에 재정착하기 전에 생활한 환경이 상이하기 때문에 한국 생활 적응에도 차이가 있을 것으로 생각되므로 1차 시범 사업과 2차 시범 사업의 재정착난민의 한국 생활 적응에 대해 비교 분석하는 연구를 제언한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the activities and experiences of mentors in the resettlement refugee mentoring programs implemented while accepting resettlement refugees by the government, and to present the directions and suggestions for resettlement refugee mentoring programs and policies. 7 mentors who have been mentoring for the resettlement refugees residing in G-city were interviewed from June to August 2020 for this study, and the results of the study are as follows. First, the mentors of resettlement refugees already had open minds and interests in immigrants before participating in the mentoring programs due to their overseas experience and the opportunities meeting foreigners. Second, the mentors conveyed that Koreans have a warm affection for mentees in the program, overcame the language barriers and emotional difficulties with the mentees together, and constantly educated and encouraged the mentees to stand on their own feet. However, the mentors suffered from a lack of experience about their role, the absence of dialogue with the mentees, conflicts with the mentees, and indifference of operating organizations. Third, the mentors experienced their own changes through mentoring. The negative perception of refugees that the mentors unconsciously had, have been became more positive through learning more about the resettled refugees lives. By observing how the mentees have come to adjust and gradually become a part of Korean society after overcoming all the difficulties they had faced, and by continuously interacting with them, the mentors were able to develop close relationships with the mentees. Fourth, the mentors proposed additional measures such as selection of mentors on basis of home unit, prior training and development of mentor’s manual, and the need for regular meetings and professional advisors for better quality mentoring. Mentors also suggested that it is necessary to employ staff dedicated to mentoring and to organize a foster organization, and the necessity to provide different kinds of mentoring based on the needs of mentees according to their mentoring period. This paper makes the following suggestions based on these findings. First, only the opinions of mentors on the resettled refugee mentoring program are included in this study. Therefore, research on the mentees of the program would provide an insight on the experiences of resettled refugees in follow-up studies. Second, as the refugees in the first and second pilot programs come from different environments prior to arriving in Korea, they would have different experiences in adapting to Korea. A comparative analysis of refugees' adaptation to life in Korea is suggested.

Biodegradation of the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole by sulfamethoxazole acclimatized cultures in microbial fuel cells

Miran, Waheed,Jang, Jiseon,Nawaz, Mohsin,Shahzad, Asif,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.627 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are known for their ability to enhance the removal rate of toxins while generating power. This research presents a performance assessment of MFCs for power generation and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation using SMX acclimatized cultures. Experiments were performed in MFC batch mode using different SMX concentrations in synthetic wastewater. The experimental results showed that voltage generation was >400mV up to the SMX concentration of 0.20mM (at 400Ω external resistance). Control experiments supported the inference that biodegradation was the main process for SMX removal compared to sorption by SMX acclimatized cultures and that the process results in efficient removal of SMX in MFC mode. The specific removal rates of SMX in MFC with SMX acclimatized sludge were 0.67, 1.37, 3.43, 7.32, and 13.36μm/h at initial SMX concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, 0.20, 0.39, and 0.79mM, respectively. Moreover, the MFC was able to remove >90% of the TOC from the wastewater up to SMX concentrations of 0.08mM. However, this TOC removal produces negative effects at higher SMX concentrations due to toxic intermediates. Microbial community analysis revealed large changes in bacterial communities at the phylum, class, and genus levels after SMX acclimatization and MFC operation. <I>Thauera</I>, a well-known aromatic-degrading bacteria, was the most dominant genus present in post-acclimatized conditions. In summary, this study showed that acclimatized sludge can play an important role in the biodegradation of SMX in MFCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SMX acclimatized sludge was applied for efficient SMX removal in MFCs. </LI> <LI> SMX concentrations up to 0.20mM showed little negative effect on voltage generation. </LI> <LI> Control experiments showed that biodegradation was dominant over sorption. </LI> <LI> Large microbial community shifts were observed after SMX acclimatization. </LI> <LI> Aromatic-degrading <I>Thauera</I> (56.4%) was most dominant genus at the bioanode. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Inhibitory Effect of Orostachys japonicus Fractions on Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells

Miran Jang,Gun-Hee Kim 한국식생활문화학회 2017 한국식생활문화학회학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Effects of alcohol drinking on 10-year diabetes mellitus risk score in adult Korean men : Focused on the mediation of quality of life

MiRan Bang,KyungAe Kim,JaeLan Shim 한국성인간호학회 2021 성인간호학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.8

Numerical study of the rounded corners effect on flow past a square cylinder

Miran, Sajjad,Sohn, Chang Hyun Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015 International journal of numerical methods for hea Vol.25 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P> – The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the influence of corner radius on flow past a square cylinder at a Reynolds number 500. </P> <P><B>Design/methodology/approach</B></P> <P> – Six models were studied, for R/D=0 (square cylinder), 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 (circular cylinder), where R is the corner radius and D is the characteristic dimension of the body. The transient two-dimensional (2D) laminar and large eddy simulations (LES) models were employed using finite volume code. The Strouhal number, mean drag coefficient (C<SUB>D</SUB>), and root mean square (RMS) value of lift coefficient (C<SUB>L,RMS</SUB>), for different R/D values, were computed and compared with experimental and other numerical results. </P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P> – The computational results showed good agreement with previously published results for a Reynolds number, Re=500. It was found that the corner effect on a square cylinder greatly influences the flow characteristics around the cylinder. Results indicate that, as the corner radius ratio, R/D, increases, the Strouhal number increases rapidly for R/D=0-0.2, and then gradually rises between R/D=0.2 and 0.5. The minimum values of the mean drag coefficient and the RMS value of lift coefficient were found around R/D=0.2, which is verified by the time averaged streamwise velocity deficit profile. </P> <P><B>Originality/value</B></P> <P> – On the basis of the numerical results, it is concluded that rounded corners on a square cylinder are useful in reducing the drag and lift forces generated behind a cylinder. Finally, it is suggested that with a rounded corner ratio of around R/D=0.2, the drag and oscillation of the cylinder can be greatly reduced, as compared to circular and square cylinders.</P>

Chlorinated phenol treatment and <i>in situ</i> hydrogen peroxide production in a sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched bioelectrochemical system

Miran, Waheed,Nawaz, Mohsin,Jang, Jiseon,Lee, Dae Sung Pergamon Press 2017 Water research Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wastewaters are increasingly being considered as renewable resources for the sustainable production of electricity, fuels, and chemicals. In recent years, bioelectrochemical treatment has come to light as a prospective technology for the production of energy from wastewaters. In this study, a bioelectrochemical system (BES) enriched with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the anodic chamber was proposed and evaluated for the biodegradation of recalcitrant chlorinated phenol, electricity generation (in the microbial fuel cell (MFC)), and production of hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) (in the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)), which is a very strong oxidizing agent and often used for the degradation of complex organics. Maximum power generation of 253.5 mW/m<SUP>2</SUP>, corresponding to a current density of 712.0 mA/m<SUP>2</SUP>, was achieved in the presence of a chlorinated phenol pollutant (4-chlorophenol (4-CP) at 100 mg/L (0.78 mM)) and lactate (COD of 500 mg/L). In the anodic chamber, biodegradation of 4-CP was not limited to dechlorination, and further degradation of one of its metabolic products (phenol) was observed. In MEC operation mode, external voltage (0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 V) was added via a power supply, with 0.4 V producing the highest concentration of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (13.3 g/L-m<SUP>2</SUP> or 974 μM) in the cathodic chamber after 6 h of operation. Consequently, SRB-based bioelectrochemical technology can be applied for chlorinated pollutant biodegradation in the anodic chamber and either net current or H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production in the cathodic chamber by applying an optimum external voltage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A SRB enriched (anodic chamber) bioelectrochemical system was developed. </LI> <LI> Degradation of 4-CP and current generation/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production were evaluated. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was produced by applying external voltage in MEC mode operation. </LI> <LI> Maximum power density of 253.3 mW/m<SUP>2</SUP> was obtained. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> output of 13.3 g/L⋅m<SUP>2</SUP> (974 μM) and 4-CP removal of 42.9% was achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Microbial community structure in a dual chamber microbial fuel cell fed with brewery waste for azo dye degradation and electricity generation.

Miran, Waheed,Nawaz, Mohsin,Kadam, Avinash,Shin, Seolhye,Heo, Jun,Jang, Jiseon,Lee, Dae Sung Ecomed 2015 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.22 No.17

<P>The expansion in knowledge of the microbial community structure can play a vital role in the electrochemical features and operation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, bacterial community composition in a dual chamber MFC fed with brewery waste was investigated for simultaneous electricity generation and azo dye degradation. A stable voltage was generated with a maximum power density of 305 and 269?mW?m(-2) for brewery waste alone (2000?mg?L(-1)) and after the azo dye (200?mg?L(-1)) addition, respectively. Azo dye degradation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as peak corresponding to -N=N- (azo) bond disappeared in the dye metabolites. Microbial communities attached to the anode were analyzed by high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbial community composition analysis revealed that Proteobacteria (67.3?%), Betaproteobacteria (30.8?%), and Desulfovibrio (18.3?%) were the most dominant communities at phylum, class, and genus level, respectively. Among the classified genera, Desulfovibrio most likely plays a major role in electron transfer to the anode since its outer membrane contains c-type cytochromes. At the genus level, 62.3?% of all sequences belonged to the unclassified category indicating a high level of diversity of microbial groups in MFCs fed with brewery waste and azo dye.</P>