Some Issues in the Determination of Dumping and Injury under China's Antidumping Regulations - with Focus on the Compliance with the WTO Provisions

Li Yang 인하대학교 산업경제연구소 2003 경상논집 Vol.17 No.2

Prior to the WTO accession, when China felt that imports were threatening domestic industries, it protected local enterprises by slapping sky-high. tariffs. Now, as a WTO member, China must implement all tariff-cutting commitments and progressively eliminate non-tariff trade barriers. It is likely that China will more frequently resort to legalized economic measures allowed under WTO regime to restrain imports and protect the interests of domestic industries. Till now, China's efforts in import relief measures mostly focus on antidumping. The number of antidumping measures that China undertakes is increasing very fast. The Chinese government seems to have drafted its Antidumping Regulations with the intent of following the international standards as encompassed within the WTO Antidumping Agreement. However it is insufficient to bring the PRC Antidumping Regulations into compliance with the WTO Antidumping Agreement just on its face. WTO-consistency has to be secured substantially through its actual implementation. This paper examines two issues emerged in the Chinese implementation of its Antidumping Regulations on which some WTO members expressed concerns. The issues are (1) China's calculation of normal value in antidumping investigations; and (2) the factors that Chinese authorities examine in conducting an injury analysis. The analysis is carried out through case studies of the Chinese antidumping measures to date. The purpose is to examine whether these two aspects in the Chinese practices are in compliance with the standards of the WTO Antidumping Agreement.

Transfer characteristics analysis of bilayer coil structures for wireless power transfer systems

Li, Yang,Ma, Jing-nan,Shi, Shao-bo,Huang, Yue-peng,Wang, Rui,Liu, Jia-ming,Ni, Xin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2021 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.21 No.5

Although bilayer coil structures can satisfy the application requirements for inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems in practice, the transfer characteristics of systems (e.g., transfer power, transfer efficiency, and misalignment tolerance) under external interference are seldom studied. In this paper, an equivalent model of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a bilayer coils structure was established, and the influences of coil structures on transfer power and efficiency were analyzed. Then, the bilayer coil structures were modeled through multi-physics simulations, the applicable range was determined, and the influences of the coil structures on the transfer performance were studied in detail. Finally, an experiment prototype was set up, and experimental results showed that the coupling coil structures has an obvious effect on the transfer performance. The research in this paper is beneficial for the operation safety and reliability of WPT systems.

Modulation Recognition of BPSK/QPSK Signals based on Features in the Graph Domain

Li Yang,Guobing Hu,Xiaoyang Xu,Pinjiao Zhao 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.11

The performance of existing recognition algorithms for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals degrade under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Hence, a novel recognition algorithm based on features in the graph domain is proposed in this study. First, the power spectrum of the squared candidate signal is truncated by a rectangular window. Thereafter, the graph representation of the truncated spectrum is obtained via normalization, quantization, and edge construction. Based on the analysis of the connectivity difference of the graphs under different hypotheses, the sum of degree (SD) of the graphs is utilized as a discriminate feature to classify BPSK and QPSK signals. Moreover, we prove that the SD is a Schur-concave function with respect to the probability vector of the vertices (PVV). Extensive simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and its superiority to the listed model-driven-based (MDB) algorithms in terms of recognition performance under low SNRs and computational complexity. As it is confirmed that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity of existing graph-based algorithms, it can be applied in modulation recognition of radar or communication signals in real-time processing, and does not require any prior knowledge about the training sets, channel coefficients, or noise power.

Wireless Synchronous Transfer of Power and Reverse Signals

Li, Yang,Li, Yumei,Feng, Shaojie,Yang, Qingxin,Dong, Weihao,Zhao, Jingtai,Xue, Ming The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.3

Wireless power transfer via coupled magnetic resonances has been a hot research topic in recent years. In addition, the number of related devices has also been increasing. However, reverse signals transfer is often required in addition to wireless power transfer. The structure of the circuit for a wireless power transfer system via coupled magnetic resonances is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of both parallel compensation and series compensation are listed. Then the compensation characteristics of the inductor, capacitor and resistor were studied and an appropriate compensation method was selected. The reverse signals can be transferred by controlling the compensation of the resistor. In addition, it can be demodulated by extracting the change of the primary current. A 3.3 MHz resonant frequency with a 100 kHz reverse signals transfer system platform was established in the laboratory. Experimental results demonstrate that wireless power and reverse signals can be transferred synchronously.

中国银行业金融机构破产完善机制研究

Li Yang 가천대학교 법학연구소 2015 가천법학 Vol.8 No.4

The People’s Bank of China published the <Consultation for Regulations on Deposit Insurance> in 2014, which signifies that China has changed from implicit insurance to explicit insurance. In March, 2015, the State Council issued the formal <Regulation of Deposit Insurance> and it entered into force on May 1st2015. Similar to the rules in Korean Deposit or Protection, the same deposit or indifferent banks will be given RMB500,000 in compensation if the bank goes bankruptcy. Comparing with the Per Capita GDP, the amount of the compensation is larger most countries in the world. It took 21years for China to have this rule and its main purpose is to protect the interests of the small and medium depositors. Furthermore, it would also maintain the stability of financial market. As part of the financial safety nets, most small and medium depositors could be compensate din time when the banks cannot perform their duties properly. However, the implementation of the deposit insurance means that the banks are no longer the most security organisation for citizens. Prior to that, all banks in China have a national credit guarantee. The compensation will be made by the central bank or the local governments as long as a bank goes bankruptcy. However, this might put the financial market at great risk. As such, the deposit insurance system takes off the implicit insurance of the banks and they have to bear the risk by themselves. However, concerning the owner ship structure of the banking industry, this target can be hardly achieve din the short term. Although the lender of last resort system has been introduced previously and the Bankruptcy Law is also in place, the banking enterprise is quite unique compared with other corporations. Therefore, the bankruptcy system for banking industry in Chinese financing institutions remains to be improve deven with the introduction of the Regulation on Deposit Insurance. 2014년말에 중국인민은행은 <예금보험조례의의견고>를 공포하였다. 이것은 중국이 은형보험에서 현형보험으로 전환하는 이정표라고 볼 수가 있다. 2015년 3월에는 국무원이 정식적으로<예금보험조례>를 반포하였다. 이 조례는 예금보험제도 및 중국의 예금보험의 관한 운영을 총23조로 규정하고 있다. 2015년 5월 1일부터 정식적으로 시행하고 있는데 최고 배상금액은 인민폐 50만원이다. 중국은 예금보험제도를 준비하는데 21년이라는 과정을 거쳤다. 예금보험제도의 설계목적에 의하여, 현대국가 금융안전망의 한 방면으로서, 은행이 책임을 이행할 수 없을때, 대부분 중소예금자들이 즉시 배상을 받을 수 있다. 하지만 예금보험제도를 반포하고 나서 예금자들에게 자금을 은행에 저축하는 것이 최고 보장이라고 할 수 없게 되었다. 왜냐하면 예전에는 중국에서 모든 은행은 국가가 신용으로 담보하고 금융기구가 파산하면, 중국중앙은행과 지방정부가 배상책임을 졌기 때문이다. 그런데 수만억의 재정부담은 금융시스템의 예금안전에 대한 리스크가 될수 있다. 예금보험제도의 반포로 정부가 은형담보하는 위험으로부터 벗어나게 되었다. 이제는 은행기구가 자신들이 운영리스크에 대해 책임을 져야한다. <예금보험조례>는 이미 발표되었지만 현재은행의 주주구조를 보면, 단기간으로 이 목적을 실현하기가 쉽지 않다.

Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Boron Steel Sheet in Hot Bending Process with Various Parameters

Li Yang,Chung-Gil Kang 한국소성가공학회 2009 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Hot press forming is a new forming process which also names as hot stamping. It can greatly enhance the formability of forming parts. This paper researches the formability of boron steel sheet in hot bending process which is a kind of hot press forming. In the text, the influence of hot press forming processing parameters, such as the heating temperature, blank holding force, punch speed and punch and die radius, on the mechanics properties and microstructure of the hot bending parts was analyzed by tension test and the metallographic observation on the parts with various processing parameters. The relationship between blank holding force and punch load was also presented.

Mechanical Properties Variations of Boron Steel Sheet in a Hot Bending Process

Li Yang,Chung-Gil Kang 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

Bending behavior occurs in the hot press forming process, resulting in many failure cases during forming. The formability and mechanical properties of boron steel sheet in the hot bending process were investigated by using a U-bending die with blank holders. In this investigation, the influence of hot press forming processing parameters such as heating temperature, blank holding force, punch speed, and punch and die radii on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the hot bending parts was also analyzed by tension testing and metallographic observation. The relationship between blank holding force and punch load is presented, and the optimal ranges of the hot bending processing parameters were determined.

Coating Layer Behavior Analysis of Al-Si Coated Boron Steel in Hot Bending Process

Li Yang,Chung-Gil Kang 한국소성가공학회 2009 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Nowadays, the usage of high strength steel has been growing in automobile industry mainly as structural parts since for its lightweight and high strength properties the oil crisis happened. Owing to poor formability, complex-shaped hig h-strength steel components are invariably produced through hot press forming. The high-strength steel sheets are in so me instances used with an Al-Si-coating with a view to prevent scaling of components during hot press forming. How ever, friction and fracture characteristics of Al-Si-coated high-strength steel during hot press forming process have not yet been investigated. In this paper, the formed parts which were formed in hot bending process were investigated by using EDS, SEM and nano indenter in order to analysis the coating layer behavior.

Highly Bendable, Conductive, and Transparent Film by an Enhanced Adhesion of Silver Nanowires

Li, Yang,Cui, Peng,Wang, Luyang,Lee, Hanleem,Lee, Keunsik,Lee, Hyoyoung American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.18

<P>Recently, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted considerable interest for their potential application in flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). One challenge for the commercialization of AgNW-based TCFs is the low conductivity and stability caused by the weak adhesion forces between the AgNWs and the substrate. Here, we report a highly bendable, conductive, and transparent AgNW film, which consists of an underlying poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and AgNW composite bottom layer and a top layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled graphene oxide (GO) and PDDA overcoating layer (OCL). We demonstrated that PDDA could increase the adhesion between the AgNW and the substrate to form a uniform AgNW network and could also serve to improve the stability of the GO OCL. Hence, a highly bendable, conductive, and transparent AgNW–PDDA–GO composite TCF on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate with Rs ≈ 10 Ω/sq and <I>T</I> ≈ 91% could be made by an all-solution processable method at room temperature. In addition, our AgNW–PDDA–GO composite TCF is stable without degradation after exposure to H<SUB>2</SUB>S gas or sonication.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-18/am402578d/production/images/medium/am-2013-02578d_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am402578d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of ethylene glycol on the synthesis of crystalline boron carbide powder from condensed boric-acid-glycerin precursor

Li Yang,Li Sanxi,Wang Song,Tian Chengcheng,Otitoju Tunmise Ayode 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.2

The effect of addition of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) on the synthesis of crystalline boron carbide (B4C) powder from a condensedboric acid (H3BO3)-glycerin (C3H8O3) product was investigated. Equal molar amount of H3BO3 and glycerin was mixed andsubjected to dehydration-condensation reaction using various amount of ethylene glycol (0 to 40 mol% based on glycerolamount). Then the condensed product was thermally decomposed in air twice to obtain surface carbon-free precursor powder. The crystalline phases and surface functional groups of the material was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA. Addition of ethylene glycol offered a new organic sites and comparatively, reduced pyrolysis temperature from 700 to 650 oC. The complete formation of crystalline B4C powder was achieved at 1475 oC within 2.5 h, which is among the shortest timereported for B4C synthesis