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Hutchinson, Michael,Oh, Hyondong,Chen, Wen-Hua Elsevier 2017 Information fusion Vol.36 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Understanding atmospheric transport and dispersal events has an important role in a range of scenarios. Of particular importance is aiding in emergency response after an intentional or accidental chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) release. In the event of a CBR release, it is desirable to know the current and future spatial extent of the contaminant as well as its location in order to aid decision makers in emergency response. Many dispersion phenomena may be opaque or clear, thus monitoring them using visual methods will be difficult or impossible. In these scenarios, relevant concentration sensors are required to detect the substance where they can form a static network on the ground or be placed upon mobile platforms. This paper presents a review of techniques used to gain information about atmospheric dispersion events using static or mobile sensors. The review is concluded with a discussion on the current limitations of the state of the art and recommendations for future research.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A review of techniques to gain information about atmospheric dispersion is presented. </LI> <LI> Optimisation- and Bayesian inference-based estimation methods are summarised. </LI> <LI> Mobile sensors provide an ideal platform for data gathering of atmospheric events. </LI> <LI> The current limitations and recommendations for future research is discussed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Entrotaxis as a strategy for autonomous search and source reconstruction in turbulent conditions
Hutchinson, Michael,Oh, Hyondong,Chen, Wen-Hua Elsevier 2018 Information fusion Vol.42 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper proposes a strategy for performing an efficient autonomous search to find an emitting source of sporadic cues of noisy information. We focus on the search for a source of unknown strength, releasing particles into the atmosphere where turbulence can cause irregular gradients and intermittent patches of sensory cues. Bayesian inference, implemented via the sequential Monte Carlo method, is used to update posterior probability distributions of the source location and strength in response to sensor measurements. Posterior sampling is then used to approximate a reward function, leading to the manoeuvre to where the entropy of the predictive distribution is the greatest. As it is developed based on the maximum entropy sampling principle, the proposed framework is termed as Entrotaxis. We compare the performance and search behaviour of Entrotaxis with the popular Infotaxis algorithm, for searching in sparse and turbulent conditions where typical gradient-based approaches become inefficient or fail. The algorithms are assessed via Monte Carlo simulations with simulated data and an experimental dataset. Whilst outperforming the Infotaxis algorithm in most of our simulated scenarios, by achieving a faster mean search time, the proposed strategy is also more computationally efficient during the decision making process.</P> <P> <UL> <P><B>highlights</B></P> <LI> Cognitive search and source term estimation strategy for a mobile sensor is proposed. </LI> <LI> Maximum entropy sampling principles are adopted to maximise the information gain. </LI> <LI> The proposed Entrotaxis strategy shows faster search time than the existing methods. </LI> </UL> </P>
Centre–State Relations and Intra-Party Dynamics in Malaysia: UMNO and the Case of Johor
Francis E. Hutchinson 서울대학교행정대학원 2015 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.23 No.2
As multi-level governance structures led by multiple political parties, democratic federal systems can experience two types of tensions—those between central and state governments, and those between parties in power at those different levels. This has made the study of centre–state relations in Malaysia challenging, as one coalition has been in power at the federal level since independence. Most visible centre–state conflicts have occurred in states led by the opposition or minor coalition members. However, the majority of state governments are led by the United Malays’ National Organization (UMNO)—Malaysia's most powerful political party and coalition leader. Given this, it is instructive to analyse centre–state relations in a state that has also been led by UMNO, as this enables the elimination of inter-party strife as a source of conflict. Johor lends itself well to this exercise. Like the federal government, it has been led since independence by the ruling coalition, and is intimately linked to UMNO. Despite this congruence, the Johor state government has experienced serious conflict with the central government, demonstrating that the same party affiliation does not eliminate clashes and highlighting the need to further explore centre–state relations in UMNO-led states.
FULL FRONTAL CAR CRASH TESTS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ABOUT SHAPE OF DECELERATION PULSES
Timothy Paul Hutchinson 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.2
If deceleration is constant in a vehicle crash, deformation of the vehicle is a function of impact speed and impact duration. The ratio of actual deformation to this idealized quantity may be used to summarize the shape and effects of the deceleration pulse. This ratio reflects whether the pulse is front-loaded (acceleration is greater early in the pulse than later), or back-loaded (acceleration is less early in the pulse than later). Further interpretation of the ratio is possible within simple families of pulse shape, such as M. Huang's TESW (Tipped Equivalent Square Wave) model and the triangular pulse. This paper reviews published test results and summaries of datasets. It is found that pulses tend to be back-loaded. However, this conclusion is sensitive to how deformation, speed, and duration are calculated.