新加算 官僚制 軍隊에서 專門職業軍으로

온만금 원광대학교 2006 圓光軍事論壇 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this paper is to examme the long-term trend of the. civil-military relations of modern Korea. It critically reviews both professional and subjective army under a patriarchical bureaucracy and utilizes the concept for the analysis of the civil-military relations of Korea. The civil-military relations of Korea had been characterized by the favor-devotion relationship between the politician and the military under a new patriarchical bureaucracy. President Lee alternatively favored a faction of the military and demanded full devotion to it. Both the political exploitation of the military and promotion stagnation in the military eventually induced the military to initiate a military coup in 1961. A military clique known as Hanahoe also initiated another military coup m 1979. Although Korean army was still characterized by the favor-devotion relationship after the coups, it changed gradually toward a professional army. And now it has matured to a point where it be neither involved in politics nor to be politically exploited after the democratization since 1990's. For military professionalization, it is necessary to improve both the expertise and quality of life of the professional soldier. The military also has to take charge of military work based on the principle of civilian control.

퍼지 소속 함수를 이용한 불변 패턴 인식

이금석,방만원,김병기 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1996 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

신경망 모델을 이용한 패턴인식 시스템에 대한 연구 부문에서 패턴의 이동,크기,회전등의 변형에 대한 불변 인식문제를 해결하기 위하여 삼각형의 특성을 이용한 삼차 신경망 모델이 제안된 바 있다. 기존의 모델에서는 삼각형의 특성값(이심율)의 클래스 분할로부터 패턴에대한 특성 백터를 추출하였으나, 기존의 분할에 의한 특성 백터 추출 방법에서는 동일 클래스에 속한 두개의 서로다른 삼각형 패턴을 분별하지 못하고, 클래스 경계에 놓인 삼각형 패턴에 대한 이식율이 떨어지게 되는 단점이 있었다. 본 논문은 기존의 분할 특성 백터 추출 방법의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 , 퍼지 소속 함수를 적용한 퍼지특성 벡터 추출 방벙을 제안하였다.

The Transformative Curriculum of Christian Education

Geum Man Lee 한국기독교학회 2004 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.36 No.-

자기실현을 위한 신앙교육 연구

이금만(Geum-Man Lee) 한국기독교교육학회 2003 기독교교육논총 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 융(C. G. Jung)을 통해 신앙교육의 목적 가운데 하나를 ‘무의식의 의식화’, 곧 ‘자기실현’으로 삼았고, ‘자기실현’ 과정에서 유전 형질인 소질․환경․본인의 태도 등이 변수로 작용한다고 하였다. 또한 어릴 때의 부모와의 경험․학교교육․문화 등의 환경이 자기실현에 중요한 요소로 작용한다고 하였다. 그리고 자기실현 방법으로 페르조나(persona) 극복, 그림자와의 대면, 아니마․아니무스와의 대면, 가기실현, 꿈 분석 등을 제시했다. 따라서 부모와 교사 자신이 자기실현이 먼저 이루어질 때 학습자의 ‘자기실현’을 효과적으로 도울 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 융이 무의식의 의식화를 이루어 냄으로 인간의 전인 성장에 기여한다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 하지만 융은 개인 의식화에 주력하여 공동체 의식을 함양하는 데에는 한계가 있다는 점에서 사회 의식화도 보완하고 병행하여 적응할 필요가 있다. Through C. G. Jung, This study made an objectives of faith-education into self-realization, making unconsciousness consciousness. In the process of self-realization, inheritable traits such as talent, environment, and personal attitude can become variables. Especially the environment in which a child experienced a certain relationship with parents, school education , culture operates as an important element. The study suggests overcoming persona, encountering one s own shadow, facing anima and animus, grasping self-realization, interpreting dreams can help the learner s self-realization effectively. As Jung successfully converted unconsciousness into consciousness, he understood this phenomenon can contribute to develope one whole human-being. Fostering communal spirit by concentrating on the person s own self-realization has its own limitation that It is needed to compensate and keep pace with social-realization.

평화통일을 위한 교회교육의 방향 모색

이금만(Geum-Man Lee) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2009 기독교교육정보 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to study the significances of church education for peaceful unification between South and North Korea. Korea has been unified for over 1300 years since Silla unified the three kingdoms. The current division is abnormal. Therefore, there is a historical necessity for peaceful unification. South and North Korea have put into force a joint declaration on denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. When a non-aggression pact was signed barring nuclear weapons from both sides, relations between the South and North have remained in a menacing state without realistic change. When we create the hopeful future by reflecting our past, it is the creation of history. Now we should do our best to establish creative logic and practices on the basis of our spiritual sovereignty by means of desirable education. As a matter of fact, peaceful unification is undoubtedly one of the foremost subjects for public debate in Korean Churches. Above all things. every effort should me made to prevent war in the Korean Peninsula. Peace is more precious than victory. A paradise cannot be created through conquest. If we cannot conquer war, war will conquer us. Peace cannot be obtained through conquest. Therefore, those who work for peace are blessed. Love makes all men one family. Hate turns brothers into enemies. Education is the only possible means by which we do this, and it must be in the form of peace education. Knowledge is the power and knowledge entails responsibility. In a narrow sense, peace is the state in which war does not exist. In broader sense, however, peace should be viewed as the state of human life in which humanity is free from all spiritual bondages and is guaranteed to live with dignity. The first step towards to peace is to sincerely desire it. Peace of mind would come to all people through a universal respect for the basic human rights of everyone. Churches should make peace and do an effort for peaceful-reunification. The Gospel of peace has the ability to reconcile the two Koreas. We are all brothers and sisters. In conclusion, it is recommended that we can create conditions under which not only local skirmishes are prevented from spreading but also powers dare not conceive the idea of campaigning a global war, by promoting the spirit of love for peace as well as the spirit of hatred against war through incessant peace-education. The stage of church education for peaceful unification are awareness, analysis, vision, and action.

떼이야르 드 샤르댕의 영성과 통전의 영성 교육 연구

이금만(Geum Man Lee) 한국기독교학회 2003 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.27 No.-

Today’ s Christian stands caught in a spiritual dualism, torn in two direction. How can faith in the world and faith in Christ be shown as not opposed but mutually necessary and complementary? This thesis pursue wholistic spiritual education based on Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. He develops a theory of evolution that provides a framework for his theology of Jesus Christ risen. His christology discovers the future focal center of all evolution including human history and progress, is the risen Christ. Christ risen, the focus of the world’s forward movement, stands as the God of both the ‘forward’ and the ‘upward’. In him, the seeming opposition between faith in the world and faith in God finds resolution. Jesus Christ risen is the personal history and all history as a whole is evolving towards him. Christ risen, because of his tran-scendence, makes the Christian’ s ultimate future present now, and so Christ acts as the basis of Christian hope in the future. Building on his christology, Teilhard works out a contemporary Christian spirituality, a positive moral teaching that takes the form of a mysticism of involvement in the world through love and through the unification and the progressive reconciliation of all things in Christ. The cross is no longer a sign simply of expiation, but the symbol of growth and progress accomplished in pain and through suffering. Detachment means not to reject but to work through. Resignation becomes the final form of the fight against evil, the final transformation in Christ of inevitable defeats. Christian faith includes faith in the world. Christian hope involves us more deeply in this life. And Christian love moves us to build a better world. Teilhard’ s central contribution to Christian spirituality is a contemporary understanding of the age-old problem of the antithesis between prayer and action, and the solution to that problem : a vision of Christian life centered on Jesus Christ risen in a world moving towards him. Teilhard identifies the Christ of revelation with the Omega of evolution, and by so doing gives to human progress not some vague completion but the well-defined reality of the historical Jesus, whose second coming in the Parousia has always been for Christians the goal of God s creation. For him, Christ is both the physical center of the evolutionary movement and its Omega, the source of that love energy needed for the process to reach its eventual goal in the Parousia. He derived a spiritual vision of creation and creativity in which human beings are summoned to collaborate with God s creative action in and through dedication to the human task; for efforts to build the earth also build up the body of Christ, who by his redemptive death and resurrection has triumphed over the passivity of life and the mystery of evil. The wholistic spiritual education is the cultivation of sense of shame and sorrow for one’s life. During this time one is to deprive oneself of light, warmth, contact with one’s fellows and unnecessary material goods. For student, Christ is presented the Leader one is to aid in reconquering the world from the dominion of sin and the devil. The student is encouraged to penance and mediation on the passion of Christ. The students is allowed oneself rest and refreshment while mediating on the Resurrection and the joys of heaven.

기독교교육에서 해석학적 성서공부의 통전성 모색

이금만(Geum Man Lee) 한국기독교학회 2004 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this is to explore the holy relationship between content-centered Bible study and adaptation-centered Bible study in religious education. The Main theme of this study is to relate Bible with person`s ordinary experience, so that it pointed out significant connection between Bible teaching and everyday life. Throughout this theme, I emphasized hermeneutical perspective within human experience and God` presence in everyday facet of human experience. After all, this study paved the way for whole Bible Study for religious education which attends to the incorporation of Bible itself and participation`s daily experience. To develop a hermeneutical perspective Bible study or theoretical foundation on Christian religious education which pay attention to these issues, four scholars` theory of religious education was dealt. In chapter 2, we mentioned hemeneutical theories of Gadamer, Harbermas, Ricoeur. And we selected among the three perspectives. Because Ricoeur hermeneutics propose dialectical relationship between Gadamer`s emphasizing objective viewpoint and Harbermas` emphasizing subjective viewpoint. Gadmer connects with above, it proposed the definition and conception of whole Bible study. In chapter 3, we surveyed hermeneutical principles for Bible study in the history of Bible criticism. Especially, it examined the understanding Bible text`s packground, the purpose the keyword, text structures, reader`s situation etc. Herewith, we evaluated three kinds of Biblical criticism. The historical criticism emphasize text`s background. The neo - literary criticism underlies text itself. The post - modem criticism explores readers in front of text. In chapter 4, we investigated trends of comtemporary theologies. The closed orthodox/neo-orthodox theology was stimulated content - centered bible study which is based on conservatism. The liberal/liberation theology was facilitated experience - centered Bible study which is based on progressivism. Therefore, whole Bible study needs to encounter with dialectical-praxis theology which overcomes limitations of conservative theology and progressive theology. In chapter 5, we researched four religious educators concerning contributions. Their basic ground and structure of theories are investigated in aspect of relationship between Bible contents and daily-experiences. First of all, Wink explores to unite the historical criticism and ordinary experience to Bible study. Secondly, Groome seeks to sharing the Bible story and participant`s story. Thirdly, Boys harmonizes Bible tradition and person`s transformation. Finally, we proposed some principles which can be whole Bible study through the research of this paper. The principles are dialectical integration between Bible content and person`s transformation, individual experience and faith community experience, subject and situation, teacher -orientation and student orientation etc. At the same time, we offered internalization through spiritual training and externalization through adaptation to Bible study process.

삶의 의미를 추구하는 신앙교육 모색

이금만(Geum Man Lee) 한국기독교학회 2006 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.43 No.-

안전감 경험으로서의 신앙교육 연구 - 클라인(Melanie Klein)의 대상 관계 이론을 중심으로 -

이금만(Lee Geum-Man) 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 2003 신학연구 Vol.44 No.-

All human beings have basically safety need. How can Christian religious education can provide safety experience overcoming anxiety? This thesis pursue faithful education for uneasiness feeling based on Melanie Klein's theory. British child psycho-analyst, Klein develops a theory of Object-Relation that provides a method of child analysis. Her method of child analysis treated play activity as symbolic of unconscious phantasies. She advocated a deep analysis of oedipal phantasies.<br/> Klein' s clinical work with children is the existence of an early infantile superego, an innate aggressive drive, and a primary object relationship with the mother. She proposed the psycho-analysis of children that the infant is pre-disposed to seek a relationship with a caretaker figure independent of other needs. The personality of human beings are accomplished by experience as internalized 'presences' within the mind (like the 'voice' of one' s mother). Part objects are developmentally primitive internal objects like the mother s breast. Klein also described cycles of introjection and projection through which external objects (people) become established as internal presences and internal presences are relocated in the external world.<br/> Klein explored the significance of loss, mourning, and primitive defence mechanisms in psychic life and introduced the idea of two fundamental positions of development, the paranoid-schizoid position and the depressive position, challenging Freud' s account of the psychosexual stages. With these two concepts she drew parallels between the infant psyche and adult neurotic and psychotic stages. Her belief in the death drive and in the importance of psychotic mechanism in infant mental development are among her most controversial ideas.<br/> Christian religious education need to apply Klein's views on the role of psychotic mechanisms in the infant and adult psyche. In particular, We can increase our understanding of schizoid defense mechanisms, such as splitting, and the role they play in borderline conditions, those mental disorders spanning the border between neurotic and psychotic stages. Out of Klein's thought, faithful education emphasize the importance the mother-infant bond in shaping adult personality. This is closely associated with the importance the believer-God bond in shaping spirituality.<br/> Faithful education stresses the role of the affective tie between believer and caregiver in organizing spiritual personality. The wholistic faithful education toward experience of safety feeling is the cultivation of feeling of uneasiness for one's life. For student, Christ is presented the object-relation one is to aid in restructuring the self from the dominion of anxiety. The student is encouraged to children of God on the passion of Christ The learner is allowed oneself rest and refreshment while mediating on the Resurrection and the joys of heaven.<br/> Prayer is taught in faithful education which is a communion, communication, or conversation with God as the ultimate personal reality in the universe. Both individual (private) and corporate (public) prayer involve different forms,:reciting the Psalms and Lord' s prayer, Repetition, contemplation, reading scripture. Prayers offer different dimensions:praise or adoration, thanksgiving, confession, petition or intercession, and surrender or dedication.<br/> Children learn to pray through example and experience. Adults should pray with them at home and in church regularly. Christian religious education teach about prayer by explaining the meaning of the forms used. Youth groups should be encouraged to increase in their understanding of the meaning and the role of prayer. Young people and adults explore various forms through units of study that combine both background and practice. The worship of a religious community is a concerted act of prayer, and the depth of an individual's life in prayer is strengthened by regular participation in weekly worship.

하나님 나라와 영성교육에 관한 한 연구

이금만(Lee Geum-Man) 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 2006 신학연구 Vol.48 No.-