Do Oil and Gas Companies Comply with Requirements of IFRS 6?: Evidence from India and Global Companies

POSWAL, Dhanraj,CHAUHAN, Pragati Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

This study examines whether oil and gas companies comply with the requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 6 on Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) of Mineral Resources. For this purpose, a comprehensive checklist divided into eight different parameters was prepared by including every requirement of IFRS 6. While building on the previous studies, the annual reports of the top five Indian and top five Global companies engaged in this business have been investigated in detail against the checklist using content analysis as the research method. Results show that a majority of the companies (both Indian as well as global companies) have not been complying with the requirements of IFRS 6. In five out of eight parameters the companies have not complied with even half of the requirements. The overall compliance ratio is as low as 41.54 percent and 43.68 percent for Indian and Global companies respectively. While analyzing the non-compliance, it has been observed that despite having distinct accounting standards, different kinds of companies are reporting differently. Thus, it is not in line or consistent with the goal of IFRS i.e., to establish a universal language for the companies to prepare the accounting statements. The research findings identify the exact area of non-compliance while citing the relevant paragraph number of IFRS 6.

Annona cherimola Mill. (Custard apple): a review on its plant profile, nutritional values, traditional claims and ethnomedicinal properties

Prasad G. Jamkhande,Balaji R. Ajgunde,Dhanraj R. Jadge 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Annona cherimola Mill., commonly known as Custard apple has recently gained attention of researchers because of copious anticancer bioactive chemicals and nutrients. Plants of the Annonaceae family have a long history of medicinal use in the treatment of several disease conditions such as epilepsy, cardiac diseases, pathogenic infections, hemorrhage, ulcer, cancer, liver disorders and other ailments. Annona cherimola Mill. (Custard apple) is widely used in the traditional and folkloric systems of medicine. It contains numerous bioactive chemicals like annonaceous acetogenins, annocherine A, cherianoine, annocherine B, cherimoline, annomolin, romucosine H, anonaine etc. The fruit of Annona cherimola Mill. is nutritionally important as it contains high amount of carbohydrates and is a rich source of diverse vitamins such as vitamin C, vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin and folate. Several phytopharmacological studies have proved and explored medicinal properties of Annona cherimola Mill. Annonaceous acetogenins isolated from the seeds were found to posses potent cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. The crude extracts as well as isolated compounds from different plant parts exhibited pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anxiolytic, antiviral, antitumor and cytoprotective. The present review focuses in detail the plant profile, nutritional and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of different parts of Annona cherimola Mill. plant.

Formulation of highly purified fenugreek gum based silica lipid drug delivery system for simvastatin with enhanced dissolution rate and in vitro characterization

Ajay Kumar Sav,Meer Tarique Ali,Ritesh Amol Fule,Purnima Dhanraj Amin 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.5

In current study, highly purified fenugreek gum (HPFG) isolated by patented method explored as emulsifier and hydrophilic solid carrier in drug delivery system. Antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (SIM) was selected as drug model for the study as it is associated with poorly water solubility and low bioavailability problems (\5 %). A suitable HPFG-based silica lipid system composed of SIM (1.5 %), medium chain triglyceride Capmul MCM (10 %) as lipid phase, 0.6 % HPFG as emulsifier and HPFG 2.5 %, different grades colloidal silica (7.5 %)(Aerosil 300 Pharma, Aerosil 380 Pharma and Aeroperl 300 Pharma) as hydrophilic solid carriers was developed. The optimized HPFG-based silica lipid systems were characterized for physical characteristics like flow ability,compressibility, redispersiblity, solubility and in vitro drug release using USP apparatus II in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The system was also characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed formulation was found to have excellent flow property, readily redispersiblity, better aqueous solubility and showed 3–4-fold increase in dissolution rate as compared to plain drug and marketed formulation (Simlo 10). Transition of crystalline drug to amorphous state was confirmed by DSC,PXRD and SEM studies. Enhanced dissolution rate and solubility possibly attributed to improved wetting, amorphous drug state and facilitated diffusion from lipid-based system. Thus developed HPFG-based silica lipid system provides an alternative means for SIM with enhanced dissolution rate and stability in oral solid dosage form.

Encapsulation of vitamin E acetate to convert oil to powder microcapsule using different starch derivatives

Avinash Bhaskar Gangurde,Meer T. Ali,Jaywant N. Pawar,Purnima Dhanraj Amin 한국약제학회 2017 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.47 No.6

Vitamin E (VE) is highly lipophilic in nature with a very low water solubility which degrades rapidly in presence of oxygen, and free-radical mediated oxidative processes. Spray drying of oil-in-water emulsions containing hydrophilic carriers was used to encapsulate lipophilic compounds into powders. The purpose of this study was to prepare microcapsules of VE using different starch derivatives to increase its stability and to disperse it in aqueous environment. Emulsion of VE acetate was prepared using cremophore RH 40 with tween 80 in a homogenizer and then spray dried. The spray process was optimized using a central composite design for two variables to obtain microcapsules with desirable characteristics. Microcapsules containing 2, 4 and 6% w/w of VE acetate were produced. The microcapsules were evaluated for their physical, morphological, in vitro release, solid state characterization such as SEM, FTIR, P-XRD and its in vitro free radical scavenging activity. The results showed that obtained microcapsules are nearly spherical in shape with mean particle size of microcapsules were ranged from 1 to 12 lm. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency (53–63%) was found to be uniform and within acceptable range. Optimized formulations were kept for 3 months stability study and found to be stable.

Optical observations of NEA 162173 (1999 JU3) during the 2011-2012 apparition

Kim, Myung-Jin,Choi, Young-Jun,Moon, Hong-Kyu,Ishiguro, Masateru,Mottola, Stefano,Kaplan, Murat,Kuroda, Daisuke,Warjurkar, Dhanraj S.,Takahashi, Jun,Byun, Yong-Ik EDP Sciences 2013 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.550 No.-

COMET 17P/HOLMES: CONTRAST IN ACTIVITY BETWEEN BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2007 OUTBURST

Ishiguro, Masateru,Kim, Yoonyoung,Kim, Junhan,Usui, Fumihiko,Vaubaillon, Jeremie J.,Ishihara, Daisuke,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Sarugaku, Yuki,Hasegawa, Sunao,Kasuga, Toshihiro,Warjurkar, Dhanraj S.,Ham, Ji- IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.778 No.1

<P>A Jupiter-family comet, 17P/Holmes, underwent outbursts in 1892 and 2007. In particular, the 2007 outburst is known as the greatest outburst over the past century. However, little is known about the activity before the outburst because it was unpredicted. In addition, the time evolution of the nuclear physical status has not been systematically studied. Here, we study the activity of 17P/Holmes before and after the 2007 outburst through optical and mid-infrared observations. We found that the nucleus was highly depleted in its near-surface icy component before the outburst but that it became activated after the 2007 outburst. Assuming a conventional 1 mu m sized grain model, we derived a surface fractional active area of 0.58% +/- 0.14% before the outburst whereas the area was enlarged by a factor of similar to 50 after the 2007 outburst. We also found that large (>= 1 mm) particles could be dominant in the dust tail observed around aphelion. Based on the size of the particles, the dust production rate was >= 170 kg s(-1) at a heliocentric distance of r(h) = 4.1 AU, suggesting that the nucleus was still active around the aphelion passage. The nucleus color was similar to that of the dust particles and average for a Jupiter-family comet but different from that of most Kuiper Belt objects, implying that color may be inherent to icy bodies in the solar system. On the basis of these results, we concluded that more than 76 m of surface material was blown off by the 2007 outburst.</P>