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Structural and magnetic properties of Si1−xGex thin films implanted with Fe ions
Li Wang,Deng-Lu Hou,Jingsheng Yu,Wengang Wei,Cong-Mian Zhen,Li Ma,Fengchun Hu,Chao Wang 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.4
A series of Si1-xGex (x = 1, 0.848, 0.591, 0.382, 0.209, 0.064, 0) thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering were implanted with Fe ions to different doses using the metal vapor vacuum arc technique. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) was used to characterize the local microstructure around the Fe atoms in Fe-doped Si1-xGex samples. Structural analysis showed that for annealed samples of Ge-rich thin films (including pure Ge) implanted with low doses of Fe ions, almost all the Fe ions substituted at Ge sites. However, an anti-ferromagnetic Fe6Ge5 impurity phase existed in the annealed samples implanted with high doses of Fe. It was also found that the solubility of Fe ions was highest in pure Ge films and that with increasing Si concentration, the solubility decreased. Magnetic analysis showed that for the as-implanted and annealed samples of Ge-rich thin films implanted with Fe ions, room-temperature ferromagnetism was strongest in the pure Ge series of samples and that as the Ge concentration decreased, the ferromagnetism at room temperature weakened. In addition, annealing could increase the number of Fe ions at substitution sites, which resulted in the observed increase in the saturated magnetization after annealing. Experiment and theoretical analysis showed that the ferromagnetism of Fe-doped Ge-rich Si1xGex thin films samples originated from the s, ped exchange interactions between the Si1-xGex matrix and those Fe ions which substituted at Ge sites and that the ferromagnetism was mediated by carriers.
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Room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni-doped ZnO films
Deng-Lu Hou,Rui-Bin Zhao,Yan-Yan Wei,Cong-Mian Zhen,Cheng-Fu Pan,Gui-De Tang 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1
Zn1-xNixO (x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07) films were prepared using magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction indicates that all samples have a wurtzite structure with c-axis orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the Ni ion is in a +2 charge state in these films. Magnetization measurements indicate that all samples have room temperature ferromagnetism. In order to elucidate the origin of the ferromagnetism, Zn0.97Ni0.03O films were grown under different atmospheric ratios of argon to oxygen. The results show that as the fraction of oxygen in the atmosphere decreases, both the saturation magnetization and the number of oxygen vacancies increase, confirming that the ferromagnetism is correlated with the oxygen vacancy level.
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Effects of Ca2+ ion substitution on the structure and magnetism of SrRuO3: Elusive magnetism
Zhang Wen-Ying,Yue Cai-Xia,Zhao De-Wei,Li Guo-Ke,Ma Li,Zhen Cong-Mian,Hou Deng-Lu 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.12
SrRuO3 is an orthogonally distorted perovskite (Pbnm) structure whose ferromagnetism is often viewed as an itinerant ferromagnet. Although SrRuO3 has been studied for more than half a century, its structure, magnetism and transport properties are still poorly understood. In this paper, the structure and magnetic evolution of SrRuO3 are discussed in depth through the substitution of Ca2+ for Sr2+ at A sites. The results show that as the Ca substitution increases, the lattice constant decreases, the orthogonal distortion becomes larger, and the saturation magnetization MS, Curie temperature TC and Weiss temperature θp decrease accordingly. Eventually, the ferromagnetic SrRuO3 changes to paramagnetic CaRuO3. The critical exponent β of samples with different substitution contents was obtained by fitting the experimental results, and the value for SrRuO3 (β = 0.55) was similar to that obtained by mean field theory. However, the value increases with the substitution x of Ca, which can’t be explained by any scaling theory. The results show that the increase in the value of β is related to the magnetic disorder caused by different magnetic interactions. Analysis using the Rhodes-Wohlfarth criterion indicates that Sr1-xCaxRuO3 has both itinerant-electron and localized-electron magnetism, which is consistent with the theoretical predictions.
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