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민법 제368조의 적용범위 -대법원 2020. 4. 9. 선고 2014다51756, 51763 판결-
홍봉주 ( Hong¸ Bong Joo ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.50
대상판결은 동일한 기본계약에서 발생하는 동일한 채권을 담보할 목적으로 수 개의 부동산에 근저당권을 설정하면서 각 근저당권의 채권최고액을 합한 금액을 우선변제 받기 위하여 공동근저당권이 아닌 개별근저당권의 형식을 취한 경우, 이러한 근저당권을 누적적 근저당이라 하며 민법 제368조(이하에서 ‘본조’라고 한다)가 적용되지 아니한다고 판시하였다. 동일한 채권을 담보하기 위하여 취득하는 수 개의 담보수단을 공동담보라 하고, 그 담보수단이 저당권인 경우가 공동저당이다. 공동저당에는 본조가 적용되는 협의의 공동저당과 그렇지 아니한 광의의 공동저당으로 구별되는데, 종래 광의의 공동저당에 관한 논의는 저당목적물의 종류가 같은지 여부와 같은 종류의 저당물이라도 저당물의 소유자 요건에 따른 다수설과 판례가 형성되어 왔는데 대상판결로 인하여 누적적 근저당으로 확대되고 있다. 본조가 적용되는 협의의 공동저당은 같은 종류의 저당물에 대한 공동저당에 한정되고, 나아가 같은 종류의 저당물에 대한 공동저당이라도 저당물 소유자가 다른 경우에는 변제자대위 우선설이 다수설과 판례의 입장이어서 본조의 적용을 배제하고 민법 제481조, 제482조에 따른 변제자대위를 후순위저당권자의 대위에 우선시킨다. 따라서 본조는 동종의 공동저당물이 모두 채무자의 소유이거나 동일한 물상보증인 소유인 경우에 한정하여 적용된다. 본조가 적용되지 아니하는 누적적 근저당의 개념 또는 특성에 관하여 대상판결에서 피고는 본조에 규정된 ‘동일한 채권의 담보로 수 개의 부동산에 저당권을 설정한 경우에’ 공동저당이 성립함을 전제로 동일한 채권을 담보하기 위하여는 공동저당으로만 가능하고 누적적 근저당은 불가능하다고 주장하면서 피담보채권이 각 저당권마다 분할되는 것으로 이해하였다. 그러나 본조가 동일한 채권을 담보하는 형태의 누적적 근저당을 금지하는 취지로 해석될 이유가 없으므로 누적적 근저당을 ‘채권의 분할’이 아닌 ‘담보 범위의 분할’내지 ‘책임의 분할’로 이해하는 것이 다수설과 대상판결의 태도이고 이는 타당하다. 왜냐하면 사적자치의 원칙상 민법 제368조의 적용을 배제하는 누적적 근저당을 설정하려는 당사자의 의사는 존중되어야 하고, 물권법정주의는 물권거래의 안전을 위한 것인데 위 당사자의 의사가 거래의 안전을 해하지도 않으므로 물권법정주의에 위배되지 않기 때문이다. This paper examines the decision of the supreme court 2014 Da 51756,51756 decided April 9, 2020 on the accumulated floating sum mortgage about the definition of that mortgage and the allowance of the subrogation by person who has performed obligation in that mortgage. The supreme court rules that the Korean Civil Code Article 368 about joint mortgage is not applied to the accumulated floating sum mortgage and in that mortgage, subrogation by person who has performed obligation is not allowed because the debt is not divided. Article 368 is applied to the narrower version of joint mortgage. The broader version of joint mortgage can be classified by the sameness of the security type. The Article 368 is not to solve the problem when the mortgaged object are owned by different person as debtor or a person who has furnished his own property as security for the obligation of another. Author agrees the ruling of the court.
Developing Strategies and Current Trend of Smart Factory
BongJoo Jeong,June-Young Bang 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2018 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.16 No.3
Smart factory is the most important feature of the fourth industrial revolution in the manufacturing field. In this paper, we introduce smart factory solutions suggested by the major solution providers. Furthermore, we classify solutions by the category of three value-chain activities: product development activity, product manufacturing activity, and sales activity. In addition, the status-of-art and best practices of the smart factory solutions are introduced. To examine the current trends of smart factories, we classified the manufacturing industries into four groups based on two factors: product variety and production volumes, and suggest directions for the successful application of smart factories in each industry group. Finally, we suggest strategies to improve the actual manufacturing competitiveness of factories.
MCAo 허혈동물모델에서 육미지황탕 효능에 관한 프로테오믹스 연구
강봉주(Kang BongJoo),김영옥(Kim Youngok),조동욱(Cho Dongwuk) 한국한의학연구원 2007 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.13 No.1
In the post-genome era. analysis of the cellular transcriptome using microarray or the cellular proteome using a 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are most widely used. Stroke is one of the most important causes of death along with cancer and cardiac disease. When pathological change of cells in developed from cerebral ischemia accompanied by stroke administration of neuroprotective drugs before stroke can decreases the degeneration of neuronal cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effect and protein expression after administration of P004, middle cerebral artery model of cerebral ischemia in rats. SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. P004 (1.000 ㎎/㎏) was administered 2 times at 0, 90 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were killed at 48 hours, and infarct area and volume were determined by histology and computerized image analysis. We investigated the protein expression profile on the global ischemia induced by MCAo. This proteomic analysis enable us to identify several proteins differently expressed in infarct brain tissue. The aims of this study were to do investigation comparing the neuroprotection activities of P004 and to understand the mechanism of acted as neuroprotective drug.
한약내의 리튬이 타이로신 가수분해효소에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
강봉주,홍성길,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 2000 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.6 No.1
Lithium, a simple monovalent cation, is the mainstay in treatment of manic-depressive illness, but despite extensive research, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Because lithium requires chronic administration for therapeutic efficacy and because its beneficial effects last well beyond its discontinuation, it has been postulated that lithium may exert major effects at the genomic level. We have previously shown that Yungmijihwanwon(YM) increase TH protein expression through antioxidant activity and unknown effects in vivo. In the present study, we have sought to determine if lithium in herbal medicine also increases the expression of endogenous gene known to be regulated by AP-1 and have therefore investigated the effects of herbal medicine on tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) levels. Male mice were treated with LiCI and herbal medicine for 30 days, and TH levels and dopamine level were measured in striatum using immunoblotting and ECD-HPLC. Herbal medicine treatment resulted in statistically nonsignificant increase in TH levels in mouse striatum. The precise therapeutic relevance of these effects is presently unknown.
4-Vessel Occlusion 허혈동물모델에서의 대규모 유전자 발현 연구
강봉주,홍성길,김윤택,김영옥,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 2000 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.6 No.1
Cerebral ischemia, the most prevalent form of clinical stroke, is a medical problem of the first magnitude. Substantial efforts are being made to develop drugs which will protect the brain from the neurodegeneration followed by an ishemic stroke. A key factor in this process is the increasing an evidence that free radical is involved in the mechanisms of ischemic brain damage. We investigated the macro scale gene expression analysis on the global ischemic induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wister rats. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes during ischemic injury. This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with ischemia. ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes and reperfused again. RNA from sham control brain and time-dependent ischemed brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 4,000 rat genes. 589 genes were found to be at least 2 fold regulated at one or more time points. These survey data provide the foundation studies that should provide convincing proof for ischemia and oxidative stress on gene expression.