An Optical-Density-Based Feedback Feeding Method for Ammonium Concentration Control in Spirulina platensis Cultivation

( Yi Lu Bao ),( Shu Mei Wen ),( Wei Cong ),( Xia Wu ),( Xiang Ning Zheng ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7

Cultivation of Spirulina platensis using ammonium salts or wastewater containing ammonium as alternative nitrogen sources is considered as a commercial way to reduce the production cost. In this research, by analyzing the relationship between biomass production and ammonium- N consumption in the fed-batch culture of Spirulina platensis using ammonium bicarbonate as a nitrogen nutrient source, an online adaptive control strategy based on optical density (OD) measurements for controlling ammonium feeding was presented. The ammonium concentration was successfully controlled between the cell growth inhibitory and limiting concentrations using this OD-based feedback feeding method. As a result, the maximum biomass concentration (2.98 g/l), productivity (0.237 g/l·d), nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor (7.32 gX/gN), and contents of protein (64.1%) and chlorophyll (13.4mg/g) obtained by using the OD-based feedback feeding method were higher than those using the constant and variable feeding methods. The OD-based feedback feeding method could be recognized as an applicable way to control ammonium feeding and a benefit for Spirulina platensis cultivations.

FAST SPRINGBACK SIMULATION OF BENDING FORMING BASED ON ONE-STEP INVERSE ANALYSIS

YI-DONG BAO,WEN-LIANG CHEN 한국소성가공학회 2008 한국소성가공학회 컨퍼런스 Vol.2008 No.10

The dopamine D1–D2DR complex in the rat spinal cord promotes neuropathic pain by increasing neuronal excitability after chronic constriction injury

Bao Yi-Ni,Dai Wen-Ling,Fan Ji-Fa,Ma Bin,Li Shan-Shan,Zhao Wan-Li,Yu Bo-Yang,Liu Ji-Hua 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Dopamine D1 receptor (D1DR) and D2 receptor (D2DR) are closely associated with pain modulation, but their exact effects on neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Our research revealed that intrathecal administration of D1DR and D2DR antagonists inhibited D1–D2DR complex formation and ameliorated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. The D1–D2DR complex was formed in the rat spinal cord, and the antinociceptive effects of D1DR and D2DR antagonists could be reversed by D1DR, D2DR, and D1–D2DR agonists. Gαq, PLC, and IP3 inhibitors also alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain. D1DR, D2DR, and D1–D2DR complex agonists all increased the intracellular calcium concentration in primary cultured spinal neurons, and this increase could be reversed by D1DR, D2DR antagonists and Gαq, IP3, PLC inhibitors. D1DR and D2DR antagonists significantly reduced the expression of p-PKC γ, p-CaMKII, p-CREB, and p-MAPKs. Levo -corydalmine ( l -CDL), a monomeric compound in Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, was found to obviously suppress the formation of the spinal D1–D2DR complex to alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats and to decrease the intracellular calcium concentration in spinal neurons. l- CDL-induced inhibition of p-PKC γ, p-MAPKs, p-CREB, and p-CaMKII was also reversed by D1DR, D2DR, and D1–D2DR complex agonists. In conclusion, these results indicate that D1DR and D2DR form a complex and in turn couple with the Gαq protein to increase neuronal excitability via PKC γ, CaMKII, MAPK, and CREB signaling in the spinal cords of CCI rats; thus, they may serve as potential drug targets for neuropathic pain therapy.

Optimum design of trimming line by one-step analysis for auto body parts

Bao, Yi Dong,Huh, Hoon Elsevier 2007 Journal of materials processing technology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>During most of manufacturing processes of auto-body panels, the trimming line should be designed in advance prior to flanging. It is an important task to find a feasible trimming line to obtain a precise final part shape after flanging. This paper proposes a new fast method to find feasible trimming line based on one-step analysis. The basic idea of the one-step analysis is to seek for the nodal positions in the initial blank from the final part, and then the distribution of strain, stress and thickness in the final configuration can be calculated by comparing the nodal position in the initial blank sheet with the one of the final part. The one-step analysis method is able to predict the trimming line before flanging since the desired product shape after flanging can be defined from the final configuration and most of strain paths are simple during the flanging process. Finally, designers can obtain a discrete trimming line from the boundary of the developed meshes after one-step analysis and import it into CAD system in the early design stage. The proposed method has been successfully applied to two basic curve flanging processes demonstrating many advantages.</P>

Computer Aided Translation of Chinese Technical Terms into Korean

심이영 ( Yi Rong Chen ),상보보 ( Bao Bao Chang ),강병규 ( Byeong Kwu Kang ) 한국중국언어학회 2006 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.23

조선인의 이주와 중국 동북지역의 논 개발 : 근대 중국 동북지역의 논(畓) 개발사 연구에 대한 새로운 시각

이바오중 ( Bao Zhong Yi ) 한국농업사학회 2004 농업사연구 Vol.3 No.2

중국 선전시 80 후 및 90 후 세대의 부채보유 특성에 관한 연구

BAO XIAMEI,LIU YI,ZHOU JING,주소현(So-Hyun Joo) 한국FP학회 2021 Financial Planning Review Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 중국 80 후 및 90 후 세대의 부채 상황을 알아보고 부채보유에 대한 특성, 부채 원인, 부채보유에 영향을 미치는 변인 등을 개인의 사회경제적 특성, 재무역량 및 재무교육 수혜여부 등과 함께 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 중국 선전시에 거주하는 80 후 및 90 후 세대 214명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 재무적 특성 중 재무역량은 중간수준이었으며, 절반 이상(51.9%)은 재무교육을 받은 경험이 없었고, 부채보유 비율은 66.8%로, 주택구입(63.6%)이 주요 원인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부채보유 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 월 소득, 자동차자산, 부동산자산, 재무기능이고, 부채잔액 규모의 영향요인은 금융자산 및 부동산 자산, 주관적 부채부담의 영향요인은 금융자산 및 재무기능으로 나타났다. 남성일수록, 월 소득이 평균집단보다 높은 경우, 재무기능수준이 낮을수록, 자동차 및 부동산자산이 많을수록 부채를 보유할 가능성이 높았으며, 금융자산과 부동산자산이 많을수록 부채잔액 규모가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 금융자산 수준이 높을수록, 재무기능수준이 높을수록 주관적 부채부담을 강하게 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 젊은 계층의 부채보유 및 부채부담은 주택 보유와 밀접한 관련을 보이고 있으며 성별에 따른 차이를 보여 남성인 경우 부채를 보유할 가능성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 부채보유 행동은 재무역량에 영향을 받으므로 재무역량을 향상시키려는 노력이 필요하다. This study examined the debt situation of the people born in the 80s and 90s in China. The respondents’ demographics, economics, and personal financial characteristics, such as financial capability and financial education, were analyzed to determine the characteristics of debt holding, cause of debt, and subjective debt burden. A survey was conducted on 214 individuals born in the 80s and 90s who live in Shenzhen, China. The main findings were as follows. First, among the characteristics related to personal finance of the surveyed people, the financial capability was at the mid-level, and the financial satisfaction level was low at 2.80 points. Among the respondents, 51.9 percent did not receive any financial education, and 66.8 percent of the respondents held household debt. Home purchases were one of the main reasons for debt, at 63.6 percent. Second, the factors affecting debt holding are gender, monthly income, auto assets, real estate assets, and financial functions. The factors affecting the debt level were financial assets and real estate assets. The factors affecting the subjective debt burden were financial assets and functional financial capability. Men, those with a higher than middle-range monthly income, lower levels of functional financial capability, and higher levels of auto assets and real estate, were more likely to hold debt. Those with higher levels of financial and real estate assets tended to have higher debt levels. Those with higher levels offinancial assets and functional financial capability tended to have a higher subjective debt burden. For young Chinese consumers, one of the main reasons for debt holding is housing purchases, and men are more likely to hold debt than women. Financial capability, particularly functional financial capability, is an important factor related to the debt behavior of Chinese consumers.

Characterization of free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids in Vitis davidii Foex grape species native to China

Yi-Bin Lan,Xiao-Feng Xiang,Wei-Xi Yang,Bao-Qing Zhu,Hong-Tie Pu,Chang-Qing Duan 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.12

Berries of six Vitis davidii Foex (spine grape)cultivars (‘Baiputao’, ‘Gaoshan 1’, ‘Gaoshan 2’, ‘Seputao’,‘Miputao’, and ‘Tianputao’) were harvested from a commercialvineyard in Hunan Province in China. Free andbound volatile compounds and fatty acids were analyzedby GC–MS, and amino acids were analyzed by HPLC. ‘Tianputao’ and ‘Miputao’ were characterized by relativelyhigher concentrations of aromatic amino acids and lowerconcentrations of branched-chain amino acids. The majorfree volatile compounds of spine grapes were hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, (E)-b-damascenone,and benzeneacetaldehyde. The major glycosidically boundvolatile compounds identified were 1-hexanol, menthol,nerol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-3-butenol, benzenemethanol, bphenylethanol,eugenol, and guaiacol. (E)-b-damascenone,benzeneacetaldehyde, guaiacol, and eugenol had odoractivity values (OAVs)[1 in all cultivar grapes. Partialleast squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed‘Tianputao’ to be distinct from the other cultivars due to itsrelatively higher concentrations of major terpenoids,norisoprenoids, higher alcohols, and aromatic amino acids.

Preparation of an Early Strengthening Agent for Concrete under Low-Temperature Conditions and Evaluation of Its Reaction Mechanism

Bao, Junwei,Ren, Qifang,Sun, Lei,Ding, Yi,Oh, Won-Chun Materials Research Society of Korea 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

To solve the common problems of concrete preparation in low-temperature environments, calcium formate (C₂H₂O₄Ca), anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), triethanolamine (C₆H₁₅O₃N), calcium bromide (CaBr₂), and triisopropanolamine (C₉H₂₁NO₃) are selected as early strength agents and mixed with C40 concrete in different dosages under low-temperature environments of 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ to develop a high-efficiency low-temperature compound early strength agent based on the effect of single-doped early strength agents. The effects of the compound early strength agent on the early strength of the concrete, the cement paste setting time, and cement fluidity at 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ are investigated, and the corresponding reaction mechanism is discussed from the perspective of micro-products. The best compound early strength agent ratio is found to be 2 % of calcium formate + 0.08 % of TEA (C₆H₁₅O₃N). The compound early strength agent effectively promotes the formation of hydration products, such as Ca(OH)₂ and C-S-H gel. In comparison with the control group, the strength of the concrete cured for 18 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d under simulated natural conditions at 5 ℃ increases by 700 %, 540 %, 11.4 % and 10 %, respectively, whereas at 10 ℃, the corresponding values are 991 %, 400 %, 19.6 % and 11 %, respectively. The strength of the concrete at each age is close to the normal temperature standard of the curing strength. The addition of the compound early strength agent causes a reduction in cement fluidity and initial and final setting times, and also yields a good effect on the porosity of the early concrete.

Association Between the GSTP1 Codon 105 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis

Bao, Li-Dao,Niu, Jian-Xiang,Song, Hui,Wang, Yi,Ma, Rui-Lian,Ren, Xian-Hua,Wu, Xin-Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Objective: The current meta-analysis was performed to address a more accurate estimation of the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) codon 105 polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC), which has been widely reported with conflicting results. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 20 studies containing 2,821 GC cases and 6,240 controls were finally included in the analyses. Overall, no significant association between GSTP1 polymorphism and GC risk was observed in worldwide populations. However, subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that GSTP1 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of GC in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.273, 95%CI=1.011-1.605; GG vs. AA, OR=2.103, 95%CI=1.197-3.387; GG vs. AA+AG, OR =2.103, 95%CI=1.186-3.414). In contrast, no significant association was found in Caucasians in any genetic models, except for with AG vs. AA (OR=0.791, 95%CI=0.669-0.936). Furthermore, the GSTP1 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with GC in patients with H. pylori infection and in those with a cardiac GC. Subgroup analysis stratified by Lauren's classification and smoking status showed no significant association with any genetic model. No studies were found to significantly influence the pooled effects in each genetic mode, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that the GSTP1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of GC in Asians, while GSTP1 heterozygote genotype seemed to be associated with reduced risk of GC. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely, further studies are needed to confirm these results.