Shrinkage Error Analysis in Selective Laser Sintering Hybrid Milling

Trung Nghiep Nguyen,Hideki Aoyama,Ichiro Araie 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.7

Selective laser sintering hybrid milling (SHM) is an advanced manufacturing process that combines the advantages of both metal powder bed fusion and milling. Using this technology, extremely complex products can be fabricated with high accuracy and reasonable surface quality. SHM has enormous potential in the application of mold fabrication; molds with free-form inner cooling channels can be produced with this technology. The key feature of this technology is that milling is conducted not only after, but also during the forming process. However, this leads to the issue that although machined layers of products have a high level of accuracy without thermal deformation, the addition of new layers causes the materials to undergo shrinkage and deformations to occur on their machined layers. The dimensional error due to shrinkage significantly affects to the accuracy of SHM process; therefore, a completely understanding of the formation error due to shrinkage is highly important in developing efficient solutions. In this study, shrinkage deformation is observed in detail through the results of simulation using finite element analysis. Three shrinkage rules and the unclamping effect are proposed to completely explain the shrinkage error shape in SHM. Finally, an experiment is conducted to confirm the final result of shrinkage.

Improving quality of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) silage with additives

Keigo Asano,Takahiro Ishikawa,Ayako Araie,Motohiko Ishida 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.11

Objective: Common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) could potentially provide an alternative resource for silage; however, its silage quality is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors in reed that contribute to poor quality and determine how the use of additives at ensiling could improve fermentation quality. Methods: In Experiment 1, we determined the chemical composition and the presence of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in reed. We further examined fermentation quality of reed silage under conditions without additives (NA) and treated glucose (G), lactic acid bacteria (L), and their combination (G+L). In Experiment 2, silage of NA, and with an addition of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria (CL) were prepared from harvested reed. The harvested reeds were fertilized at nitrogen concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 12 g N/m2 and were harvested thrice within one year. Results: The indigenous LAB and fermentable carbohydrates are at extremely low concentrations in reed. Reed silage, to which we added G+L, provided the highest quality silage among treatments in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, N fertilization had no negative effect on silage quality of reed. The harvest times decreased fermentable carbohydrate content in reed. The CL treatment provided a higher lactic acid content compared to the NA treatment. However, the quality of CL treated silage at the second and third harvests was significantly lower than at the first harvest, due to a reduction in carbohydrates caused by frequent harvesting. Conclusion: The causes of poor quality in reed silage are its lack of indigenous LAB and fermentable carbohydrates and its high moisture content. In addition, reed managed by frequent harvesting reduces carbohydrate content. Although the silage quality could be improved by adding CL, higher-quality silage could be prepared by adding fermentable carbohydrates, such as glucose (rather than adding cellulases).

古代結負制의 復元과 代制의 起源

新井宏 한국고대사학회 2003 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.30 No.-

It is well known that both Gyeongmu-je(頃畝制) on the basis of real farm area and Gyeolbu-je(結負制) on the basis of harvest had been carried out simultaneously in Korea but even the basic problem such as the real area evaluation before the middle Goryeo(高麗) has not been clear yet, mainly because there would be some writing en-or in a basic document Munjong Ryangjeon rule(文宗量田法). However the following opinions are widely accepted such as, (1) before the early Goryeo(高麗), both Gyeol(結) and Gyeong(頃) were defined as the square 100bo(步), that is, 10,000bo, (2) but at the late Goryeo(高麗), Gyeol(結) had changed to 0.57Gyeong(頃) (3) There is a possibility that Gyeong(頃) in old documents are rewrote later from the original record Gyeol(結). In this paper this author reexamined all the basic documents on Gyeolbu-je(結負制) and obtained the following adequate results agreeing with generally accepted opinions. (1) The annotation 6chon(寸) in Munjong Ryangjeon rule(文宗量田法) should be corrected as 6chon(寸) referring to the same age record of Goryeodogyeong(高麗圖經). (2) Consequently "Gyeol(結) = square 33ryangjeon-bo(量田步)" can be rewrote as "square 100bo(步)". (3) The reason why the irregular system "ryangjeon-bo = 3bo" was introduced is that Gyeol(結) in late Silla was 9000bo(步) as shown in Sungboksa(崇福寺) inscription and 1sok(束) was defined as square 3bo (步). (4) From the above discussion this author introduced the area of 1sok(束) in late Silla was 23㎡ which completely agrees with the area of 1sokushiro(束代) in ancient Japanese Daisei(代制). These results would contribute to the investigation of the origin of Daisei(代制) from now on.

Quality assurance and regulation of Kampo medicines

ARAI Ichiro 大韓藥學會 2012 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2012 No.1

Vortices, Q-balls and Domain Walls on Dielectric M2-branes

Arai, Masato,Montonen, Claus,Sasaki, Shin IOP Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2009 No.3

We study BPS solitons in &calN; = 6 U(<I>N</I>) × U(<I>N</I>) Chern-Simons-matter theory deformed by an F-term mass. The F-term mass generically breaks &calN; = 6 supersymmetry down to &calN; = 2. At vacua, M2-branes are polarized into a fuzzy <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP> forming a spherical M5-brane with topology <B>R</B><SUP>1,2</SUP> × <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP>. The polarization is interpreted as Myers' dielectric effect caused by an anti-self-dual 4-form flux <I>T</I><SUB>4</SUB> in the eleven-dimensional supergravity. Assuming a polarized M2-brane configuration, the model effectively reduces to the well-known abelian Chern-Simons-Higgs model studied in detail by Jackiw-Lee-Weinberg. We find that the potential for the fuzzy <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP> radius agrees with the one calculated from the M5-brane point of view at large <I>N</I>. This effective model admits not only BPS topological vortex and domain wall solutions but also non-topological solitons that keep 1/4 of the manifest &calN; = 2 supersymmetry. We also comment on the reduction of our configuration to ten dimensions.

Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States

Arai, Satoru,Song, Jin-Won,Sumibcay, Laarni,Bennett, Shannon N.,Nerurkar, Vivek R.,Parmenter, Cheryl,Cook, Joseph A.,Yates, Terry L.,Yanagihara, Richard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.13 No.9

<P>Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription–PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (<I>Blarina brevicauda</I>) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.</P>

Effects of unparticles on top spin correlation at the Large Hadron Collider

Arai, Masato,Okada, Nobuchika,Smolek, Karel American Physical Society 2009 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.79 No.7

Development of a Small Isotonic Ozone Water Generator

Arai K,Hosoya M,Sasao M,Akashi Y,Hirose H,Yoneyama T,Tamaki T,Miyazaki T,Ando N 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Middle Ear Fluid and Nasopharynx of Children with Acute Otitis Media Exhibit Phase Variation

Arai, J.,Hotomi, M.,Hollingshead, S.K.,Ueno, Y.,Briles, D.E.,Yamanaka, N. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2011 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.49 No.4

ウエッブサイトを利用した經濟敎育の試み : 日本における經濟敎育の一つの實驗 An experiment of economic education in Japan

新井明 한국경제교육학회 2002 경제교육연구 Vol.9 No.1

This report is an economic education experiment in e-Learning, an educational system using the Web. The program titled "Economics and Me" contains the following three points; 1) the focus is on junior high and high school students; (2) the experimental e-Learning system consists of research and volunteers; (3) the current public education system continues to use studies in the curriculum while giving relative independence. We created "Economics here and there," a place to freely discuss the present situation of Japanese economies, and we participated in "the Nikkei Stock League." Classes began in June 2002. There were 300 students in the first (trial run/semester). "This Month's Problem" and "Economics Here and There" until present we discuss following problems: "Why the empty seats at the World Cup?" "Opportunity cost of Dam-free policy" "Will McDonald's price increase work?" "Is a hedge fund bad?" and so on. As for the possibility of e-Learning in a typical Economics Classroom, there are four points: (1) e-Learning has the possibility to make a big change in the current educational system. (2) Problem-solving discussions through e-Learning is an effective measure of economic education. (3) Through e-Learning, procurement of an able staff who can ask questions to draw out responses is a decisively significant factor in making Economics Class a success. (4) In e-Learning, it is important for the content to present both theoretical and practical aspects in economic education. The limits and problems of e-Learning, there are two points: (1) There is only a particular age at which an Economics Class is both effective and interesting. (2) It is difficult to continue studying using e-Learning. In conclusion, I would like to suggest the possibility of e-Learning for Economics Class in Korea. I have heard that Internet is spreading at a much faster rate in Korea than in Japan. For that reason, e-Learning is especially suited to Korea. In an open society like Korea, its desirable to perform tests with a varied and diverse public education. Even in Economics Class, performing such trials in a public school will further promote economics.