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Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Color Stability of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements
Kim, Ah-Rang,Jeon, Yong-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Huh, Jung-Bo Korean Academy of Dental Science 2015 Journal of korean dental science Vol.8 No.2
Purpose: The effect of accelerated aging on color stability of various dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Color stability was examined using three different brands of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements: G-CEM LinkAce (GC America), MaxCem Elite (Kerr), and PermaCem 2.0 (DMG) with the equivalent color shade. Each resin cement was filled with Teflon mold which has 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Each specimen was light cured for 20 seconds using light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit. In order to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color stability, color parameters (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) and color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were measured at three times: immediately, after 24 hours, and after thermocycling. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values were analyzed using Friedman test and ${\Delta}E^*$ values on the effect of 24 hours and accelerated aging were analyzed using t-test. These values were compared with the limit value of color difference (${\Delta}E^*=3.7$) for dental restoration. One-way ANOVA and Scheff's test (P<0.05) were performed to analyze each ${\Delta}E^*$ values between cements at each test period. Result: There was statistically significant difference in comparison of color specification ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) values after accelerated aging except $L^*$ value of G-CEM LinkAce (P<0.05). After 24 hours, color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 2.47 to 3.48 and $L^*$ values decreased and $b^*$ values increased in all types of cement and MaxCem Elite had high color stability (P<0.05). After thermocycling, color change's tendency of cement was varied and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 0.82 to 2.87 and G-CEM LinkAce had high color stability (P<0.05). Conclusion: Color stability of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements after accelerated aging was evaluated and statistically significant color changes occurred within clinically acceptable range.
민간건강보험에서 정신과 질환에 대한 보험비 지급 관련 약관 현황과 문제
반건호,김종우,조아랑,박진경,김영종,박준헌 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.4
Objectives : Recently, Korean psychiatrists have noticed the complaints from probands and family members that private health insurance companies do not pay for most psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, Probands cannot even apply for insurance because of their medical record of psychiatric disorders. Authors investigated and reviewed contracts of Korean private insurance companies to find reasons for banning psychiatric disorders from insurance policies. Methods : Authors reviewed more than 800 contracts from 48 insurance companies. Results : Among all the psychiatric diagnoses, few of them-dementia and some other organic mental disorders-are guaranteed to be paid from insurance companies. Less then 10 contracts say they pay for psychiatric illnesses. Most insurance companies have contracts prohibiting F codes ; however, there are not enough reasons in these contracts. Conclusions : In the private health insurance system, Psychiatric illnesses have almost no rooms. It is very urgent to add space for patients with psychiatric illnesses and psychiatrists in the insurance policies.
한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성
이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.
주의력결핍-과잉운동장애의 비중추신경흥분제 치료의 최신지견
반건호,손소정,이서경,강원섭,조아랑,박진경 경희대학교 2006 慶熙醫學 Vol.22 No.1
Methylphenidate (MPH), amphetamine, and pemoline are cerebrostimulants that have been commonly prescribed for more than half century in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The use of such drugs, however, is often followed by untoward effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, irritability, and etc. There are also debates about decrements in height and weight percentiles and drug dependency. Thus, in this study, we discussed new therapeutic drugs, non cerebro-stimulants, with possibly less adverse effects and more efficacies. Atomoxetine, highly selective inhibitor of the presynaptic noradrenaline transporter with little or no affinity for other neurotransmitter transporters and receptors, is a non-excitatory drug with a strong possibility to replace CNS excitatory drugs. It is also safer in relation to drug dependency since it does not affect nucleus accumbens or the striatum. Atomoxetine, therefore, can be used in patients who do not respond to the CNS excitatory drugs. Tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine and desipramine are also most extensively studied drugs as ADHD treatment modalities. They also exert inhibitory effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine. The use of these drugs in children, however, is limited because of cardiovascular effects. Bupropion is one of promising drugs in treating prepubertal children with ADHD. It is also useful for comorbid depression and conduct problems. Increasing attention is being given to a narcolepsy drug, modafinil. Modafinil acts on histamine pathway resulting in wakefulness. This effect is similar to that of neuropeptide orexin. Since the effect of modafinil is independent of catecholamine, drug dependency adverse effect is not expected. Recently, some new drugs, such as reboxetine, are reported as safe and efficacious for children with ADHD, but they need long-term safety and controlled studies.
Ah Rang Kang,Jee Yeon Baek,Sang Hyun Lee,Young Sik Cho,Wol Soo Kim,Yeon Soo Han,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
The pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (Homoptera: Psyllidae), is a serious insect pest of commercial pear crops. The species, which resides on pear trees throughout its life cycle, is rapidly spreading in some regions of the world. Given the life cycle, it is unclear how such a rapid spread has been facilitated. Presently, the population genetic structure of the species including genetic diversity and gene flow was studied to understand the nature of dispersal and field ecology of the species. Pear psylla was collected from several pear orchards in Korea. The 658-bp region of mitochondrial COI gene and the 716-bp long complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced. Unlikely other previously studied insect pests, the COI-based genetic diversity of the pear psylla was extremely low (maximum sequence divergence of 0.15%). This finding allowed us to conclude that the species may have been introduced in Korea relatively recently, possibly with the phenomenon of genetic bottlenecks. ITS2 sequence-based analyses of phylogeny, population differentiation, gene flow, and hierarchical population structure all concordantly suggested that the pear psylla populations in Korea are neither genetically isolated nor hampered for gene flow. These genetic data are concordant with the dispersal of an overwintering winterform morph outside the non-pear habitat in the fall and the possibility of subsequently longer distant dispersal.