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Tarek Abou Elmaaty,Fathy El-Taweel,Abeer Abou El-Farh,Shaimaa M. Ramadan 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.6
A number of new reactive disperse dyes were synthesized from 2-chloro-N-(4-aryl-5-arylazo-thiazol-2-yl)-acetamide derivatives (5a-d). The new dyestuffs were applied to dye the nylon-6 fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2). The chemical structures of these new dyes were explained by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Then, thesuitability of dyestuffs under study for textile dyeing as disperse reactive dyes was reported. All four dyes (5a-5d) exhibitedstrong color strength, which may be attributed to excellent dye penetration in the fabric afforded by scCO2. The color fastnessof dyed samples was measured, and the results demonstrated excellent values and extremely satisfactory washing durability. The dyed samples showed excellent antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus (G+ bacteria), andEscherichia coli (G- bacteria) compared with selected antibiotics as a reference standard; the retention of this excellentantibacterial activity was still satisfactory even after five washing cycles.
Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,EL-Sheekh, Mostafa M.,Ji, Min-Kyu,Salama, El-Sayed,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.3
Coupling of advanced wastewater treatment with microalgae cultivation for low-cost lipid production was demonstrated in this study. The microalgal species Micractinium reisseri and Scenedesmus obliquus were isolated from municipal wastewater mixed with agricultural drainage. M. reisseri was selected based on the growth rate and cultivated in municipal wastewater (influent, secondary and tertiary effluents) which varied in nutrient concentration. M. reisseri showed an optimal specific growth rate (${\mu}_opt$) of 1.15, 1.04, and 1.01 1/day for the influent and the secondary and tertiary effluents, respectively. Secondary effluent supported the highest phosphorus removal (94%) and saturated fatty acid content (40%). The highest lipid content (40%), unsaturated fatty acid content, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (66%), and nitrogen removal (80%) were observed for tertiary effluent. Fatty acids accumulating in the microalgal biomass (M. reisseri) were mainly composed of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. Cultivation of M. reisseri using municipal wastewater served a dual function of nutrient removal and biofuel feedstock generation.
Abou-Jaoude, Abdalla,Erickson, Anna,Stauff, Nicolas Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.3
Long-lived Small Modular Reactors are being promoted as an innovative way of catering to emerging markets and isolated regions. They can be operated continuously for decades without requiring additional fuel. A novel configuration of long-lived reactor core employs a mixed neutron spectrum, providing an improvement in nonproliferation metrics and in safety characteristics. Starting with a base sodium reactor design, moderating material is inserted in outer core assemblies to modify the fast spectrum. The assemblies are shuffled once during core lifetime to ensure that every fuel rod is exposed to the thermalized spectrum. The Mixed Spectrum Reactor is able to maintain a core lifetime over two decades while ensuring the plutonium it breeds is below the weapon-grade limit at the fuel discharge. The main drawbacks of the design are higher front-end fuel cycle costs and a 58% increase in core volume, although it is alleviated to some extent by a 48% higher power output.
Abou-Shanab, R.A.I.,Matter, I.A.,Kim, S.N.,Oh, Y.K.,Choi, J.,Jeon, B.H. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.35 No.7
Microalgal lipids are the oils of the future for sustainable biodiesel production. One of the most important decisions in obtaining oil from microalgae is the choice of species. A total of 45 algal cultures were isolated from a freshwater lake at Wonju, South Korea. Five microalgal isolates were selected based on their morphology and ease of cultivation under our test conditions. These cultures were identified as strains of Scenedesmus obliquus YSL02, Chlamydomonas pitschmannii YSL03, Chlorella vulgaris YSL04, S. obliquus YSL05, and Chlamydomonas mexicana YSL07 based on microscopic examination and LSU rDNA (D1-D2) sequence analysis. S. obliquus YSL02 reached a higher biomass concentration (1.84 +/- 0.30 g L<SUP>-1</SUP>) with a lower lipid content (29% w/w), than did Chla. pitschmannii YSL03 (maximum biomass concentration of 1.04 +/- 0.09 with a 51% lipid content). Our results suggest that Chla. pitschmannii YSL03 is appropriate for producing biodiesel based on its high lipid content and oleic acid proportion.
Response of square tension leg platforms to hydrodynamic forces
Abou-Rayan, A.M.,Seleemah, Ayman A.,El-Gamal, Amr R. Techno-Press 2012 Ocean systems engineering Vol.2 No.2
The very low natural frequencies of tension leg platforms (TLP's) have raised the concern about the significance of the action of hydrodynamic wave forces on the response of such platforms. In this paper, a numerical study using modified Morison equation was carried out in the time domain to investigate the influence of nonlinearities due to hydrodynamic forces and the coupling effect between surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw degrees of freedom on the dynamic behavior of TLP's. The stiffness of the TLP was derived from a combination of hydrostatic restoring forces and restoring forces due to cables and the nonlinear equations of motion were solved utilizing Newmark's beta integration scheme. The effect of wave characteristics such as wave period and wave height on the response of TLP's was evaluated. Only uni-directional waves in the surge direction was considered in the analysis. It was found that coupling between various degrees of freedom has insignificant effect on the displacement responses. Moreover, for short wave periods (i.e., less than 10 sec.), the surge response consisted of small amplitude oscillations about a displaced position that is significantly dependent on the wave height; whereas for longer wave periods, the surge response showed high amplitude oscillations about its original position. Also, for short wave periods, a higher mode contribution to the pitch response accompanied by period doubling appeared to take place. For long wave periods, (12.5 and 15 sec.), this higher mode contribution vanished after very few cycles.
Wave induced motion of a triangular tension leg platforms in deep waters
Abou-Rayan, A.M.,El-Gamal, Amr R. Techno-Press 2013 Ocean systems engineering Vol.3 No.2
Tension leg platforms (TLP's) are highly nonlinear due to large structural displacements and fluid motion-structure interaction. Therefore, the nonlinear dynamic response of TLP's under hydrodynamic wave loading is necessary to determine their deformations and dynamic characteristics. In this paper, a numerical study using modified Morison Equation was carried out in the time domain to investigate the influence of nonlinearities due to hydrodynamic forces and the coupling effect between all degrees of freedom on the dynamic behavior of a TLP. The stiffness of the TLP was derived from a combination of hydrostatic restoring forces and restoring forces due to cables and the nonlinear equations of motion were solved utilizing Newmark's beta integration scheme. The effect of wave characteristics was considered.
Flexural Behavior of Encased Beam Flat or Perforated steel Cold Formed Sections
Abou-Rayan Ashraf,Nader Khalil,Ahmed Youssef,Mohamed Eldeib 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.4
This paper presents an experimental study on the fl exural behavior of encased fl at cold formed steel sections FCFS and perforated cold formed steel sections PCFS. A full scale eleven specimens were prepared and tested till failure. One specimen without steel cold formed section tested as a control beam. Six specimens with fl at steel cold formed section were tested to fi gure out the enhancement eff ect of section area and position. Finally, four specimens with a new shape of perforated steel cold formed sections were tested with diff erent positions. Cold formed steel section height, fl ange width, and position are the main parameters studied and investigated. The ultimate load and vertical defl ections were recorded and investigated. Also, modes of failure of the control and composite concrete beams were studied. From the experimental investigations, it has been observed that there is signifi cant increase in ultimate load of composite beams with a perforated steel cold formed section. A signifi cant increasing in the ultimate load was observed for specimens with perforated steel cold formed section
Abou-Shanab, R.A.I.,Ji, M.K.,Kim, H.C.,Paeng, K.J.,Jeon, B.H. Academic Press 2013 Journal of environmental management Vol.115 No.-
Six microalgal species were examined in this study to determine their effectiveness in the coupling of piggery wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. The dry biomasses of Ourococcus multisporus, Nitzschia cf. pusilla, Chlamydomonas mexicana, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and Micractinium reisseri were 0.34 +/- 0.08, 0.37 +/- 0.13, 0.56 +/- 0.35, 0.53 +/- 0.30, 0.49 +/- 0.26, and 0.35 +/- 0.08 g dwt/L, respectively. The highest removal of nitrogen (62%), phosphorus (28%), and inorganic carbon (29%) were achieved by C. mexicana. In the absence of microalgae, the spontaneous precipitation of phosphorus, calcium, and inorganic carbon occurred at slightly alkaline pH. The highest lipid productivity and lipid content (0.31 +/- 0.03 g/L and 33 +/- 3%, respectively) were found in C. mexicana. The fatty acid compositions of the studied species were mainly palmitic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and oleic. The results of our study suggest that C. mexicana is one of the most promising candidates for simultaneous nutrient removal and high-efficient biodiesel production.