水稻種子 更新의 現況과 問題點

Mun Hue Heu(許文會),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬),Soo Yeon Cho(趙守衍) 한국육종학회 1985 한국육종학회지 Vol.17 No.3

In this study, the systems in, which the new seeds of the recommended vareaties are released and reached to the farmers are examined to facilitate better understanding of rice variety renewal systems so as bring informations for the alleviation of the cruxes involved in the systems. In Korea, modern rice breeding started in 1906 and artificial hybridization began in 1915. The steps which the rice varieties are improved could be grouped into 4 stages such as 1). Native variety stage, 2). Introduced variety stage, 3). Japonica bred-variety stage and 4). Indica-Japonica bred-variety stage. Through the rice breeding efforts, more than 90 varieties were released as recommended varieties during last 80 years. The varieties released after 1970 showed 2-2.5 times high productivity. The yield potential of the newly released varieties since 1960 showed increase of 75.6 kg/ha/year (equivalent to 2.6%/year). The yield increase of newly released Japonica varieties especially released since 1978 were prominent one(166.7kg/ha/year). During last several years, the number of recommended and semi-recommended varieties reached from 37 to 45, adding about 14% and dropping about 12% annually and the numbers are increasing tendency. Most recommended varieties reached to the largest acreage within 4 years after released. This is ascribed the farmers preferance to the latest variety, and the fast seed increase system which includes the winter seed multiplication scheme. The paddy area planted to recommended varieties reached to 99.5% by 1984 implying that the varietal improvement program is going on successfully. According to the seed renewal program a farmer can renew in every 4 years. To supply seeds to the 25% of total farmers, breeder seeds are kept in breeding stations, foundation seeds are kept in Provincial RDAs, registered seeds kept in seed farms of Provincial Grovernments and Institute of Seeds Supply, and the certified seeds are supplyed by the Institute of Seed Supply. To enhance the multiplication and distribution of newly bred varieties, RDA increases the seeds during winter and hands over them to the Institute of Seeds Supply as registered seed. During last 7 years, the breeder seeds, foundation seeds, and the registered seeds achieved their target production, but the certified seeds production reached only up to 80.5% in average. The production and distribution of certified seeds depend on to the farmers. The farmers’ inclination to a few numbers of varieties not only increases the varietal fragility but also enhances the difficulty in seeds production program for certified seeds. Some varieties are dropped from the recommended variety within 3-4 years after release and this brings difficulties in seed renewal program. To alleviate this kind of difficulties more rigorous standards for the variety release program are required.

油菜heterosis 育種에 있어서 母本繼代, 增殖을 위한 組織培養 硏究 Ⅲ. 莖組織片 培養時 生長調節物質이 多個體 分化에 미치는 影響

Jung Il Lee(李正日),Yong Hwan Park(朴用煥),Young Sim Park(朴英心),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1985 한국육종학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The objectives of the study were to induce bud formation and multiple shoot differentiation from rape stem tissue in vitro using various combinations of growth regulators NAA and BA concentrations. The results obtained were summarized as follows : Minimum concentration of NAA was 0.3 ㎎/l for root differentiation from the segment of rape stem. Bud and multiple shoots were differentiated by interaction between BA and NAA below the minimum concentration, when the effective BA concentration was 1.5 to 2.0 ㎎/l for the formation of 13 to 14 buds. Of the stem tissues, upper, middle and lower part tissues produced 16, 15 and 8 buds, respectively. Thus upper part tissue was good in forming the buds. Nine multiple shoots were differentiated from the stem tissue growth at the combination of NAA 0.1 ㎎/l and BA 1.5 - 2.0 ㎎/l. Therefore, multiple shoots can be produced from the upper and middle part tissues on the MS medium added with NAA 0.1 ㎎/l and BA 2.0 ㎎/l. The multiple shoots without roots could be divided into individual shoot and then transfered to vermiculite or root differentiation medium in order to get entire plants for maintenance and multiplication of parental lines in heterosis breeding of rapeseed.

眞珠조 雄性不稔과 稔性 自殖系統 交雜에서 主要形質에 대한 組合能力

Byung Han Choi(崔炳漢),Keun Yong Park(朴根龍),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1989 한국육종학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum(L.) Leeke) has been a new forage crop of higher quality and yield in Korea since 1985. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of general and specific combining abilities for the important tratis including yield and black streaked dwarf virus incidence in crosses of cytoplasmic-genic male sterile lines and fertile inbred lines of pearl millet. Cytoplasmic-genic male sterile lines T23DA and ICM81A reflected positive and higher GCA in contrast to other male sterile lines for heading time, plant height and green fodder yield. Similar results were observed for SCA effects for the traits. The magnitude of the estimates of GCA and SCA effects for the traits was dependent upon particular parent’s combining ability. For black streaked dwarf virus incidence degree, ICM81A presented negative and higher GCA in contrast to T23DA and other male sterile lines. The estimates of SCA effect for ICM81A×T186 were also high and positive for green fodder yield in Taegu where black streaked dwarf virus occurs severely every year. For green fodder yield, T23DA×T186 combination demonstrated the highest SCA effect in Suwon where no disease occurred. T186 of fertile inbred line was the best as a pollen parent in GCA and SCA effects for green fodder yield in both sites. Thus, it may be possible to predict which parental lines will provide the highest frequency of desirable combinations and segregates as based on the individual combining ability effects. T23DA×T186 combination produced 150 tons per hectare of green fodder in two years average of Suwon. Its leaf area index was 28.8 being higher than maize 5.8 and sorghum/sudan grass 19.5. However, ICM81A×T186 combination was the best for green fodder yield in Taegu due to severe black streaked dwarf virus incidence.

油菜와 芥子의 原形質體 融合에 關한 基礎硏究

Jung Il Lee(李正日),Young Sim Park(朴英心),Yong Hwan Park(朴用煥),Kyung Eun Yoon(尹慶恩),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1986 한국육종학회지 Vol.18 No.1

For the preliminary study on somatic hybrids by Brassica cell fusion as one of new breeding techniques, the conditions that would be most effective in isolation, fusion, and culture of Brassica napus and B. juncea protoplasts were examined. For the production of viable protoplasts from the leaf tissue, an enzyme mixture of 0.5% cellulase R-10 and 0.1% pectolyase Y-23, a 1 to 7 hour mannitol incubation period before enzyme tratment, and 0.5M mannitol as osmoticum in the cell enzyme tratment, and 0.5M mannitol as osmoticum in the cell enzyme mixture were optimum. A protoplasts fusion were obtained 30% PEG solution containing 0.4M glucose and 30mM CaCl₂. Cell divisions of the fusion protoplasts were continued and have generated colonies when they were grown S₁ medium.

細胞質 遺傳子的 雄性不稔系統을 利用한 油菜 heterosis 育種에 관한 硏究 Ⅶ. 三元 交雜種 育成을 위한 莖片組織培養技術의 利用

Jung Il Lee(李正日),Jin Ki Bang(方鎭淇),Yong Hwan Park(朴用煥),Bong Ho Lee(李奉鎬),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬),Seung Pyo Rho(盧承杓) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to develope three way cross hybrid using MS maintainers derived from stem tissue culture. Seven maintainer lines of complete male sterility(100%)have been obtained and complete plants were obtained 98% by stem tissue culture. Ten differentiated plants could be obtained from one segment. The multiple shoots without roots could be divided into individual shoot and then transfered to vermiculite teralium box in order to get complete plants. The maintenance of MS lines and the production stability of three way cross hybrids could be possible by this method. Three way cross hybrids would be produced using different genetic constitution lines including MS line and its maintainer and restorer lines through tissue culture of lines with 100% male sterility maintaining ability. Commercial three way cross hybrid seed for 12,600ha could be produced from 105ha MS seed(F₁) production field through tissue culture of MS line and its maintainer MS line for seed production to be planted on 10a.

벼 雄性不稔性을 利用한 集團改良에 관한 硏究 Ⅱ. 自然相互交雜 및 新遺傳子源 浸透交雜에 의한 集團循環改良 育種過程中 몇가지 量的形質의 變異

Hae Chune Choi(崔海椿),Soo Yeon Cho(趙守衍),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to clarify the benefit of active recurrent improvement scheme of rice population and to find out the problems occured in process of recurrent random mating and introuduction of new germplasm into the basic populations using genetic male-sterile factor during 1978-1983. Once (NDR₁, NSR₁) and twice random-mating populations(NDR₂, NSR₂, and modified bulk F₄ populations of two crosses between male-sterile mutants of Nihonmasari(Nihonmasarims) and Suweon 223 or Suweon 235, and improved populations by penetrating outcross between male-sterile plants of NDR₂ or NSR₂ populations and Jinjubyeo or Samnambyeo(NDJ, NDS and/or NSJ, NSS) and their F₂ populations selected from male-fertile plants of NDJ and NSJ populations, and parental varieties included two male donors were investigated for phenotypic variations of some quantitative characters during 1984-1985. The modified bulk F₄, populations were derived from male-fertile F₂selections of two basic crosses and were maintained by single seed descent method(SSD). Although the genetic male sterility of Nihonmasariims was controlled by single recessive gene(msms), observed frequencies of male-sterile plants in once or twice random mating populations were remarkably decreased compared to expected ones. This phenomenon might be resulted from pleiotrophic effect of male-sterile gene such as inferiority of competition in vegetative growth and fertilization compared to normal one. The penetration ratio of new germplasm, calculated by the difference in frequencies of male-sterile plants between basic random mating and penerated mating populations under the natural condition of planting with alternative rows of the two populations, was about 11% as average of four different penerated mating populations varied from 2.1% to 16.2%. The male-sterile plants showed significantly shorter culm and panicle length, less tillers per plant, and less spikelets per panicle compared to normal fertile ones. Twice random mating population revealed significantly increased frequencies of tall, late heading, numerous spikelets and severely awned plants compared to once random mating population. Also, the former showed significantly less frequency of intermediate infections but more frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants to blast disease compared to the latter. This indicates that recurrent random-mating populations should be maintained with relatively desirable range of variations by discarding these undesirable recombinants. The NDJ, NDS, NSJ, and NSS populations manifested the significant change of distributions to the respective directions of earlier heading, shorter culm, longer panicle, more spikelets, less awning, more or less tiller, and more or less tolerance to blast or stripe virus diseases compared to the basic random-mating populations according to respective combinations between the basic populations and new donor parents. Also, these recurrently improved populations and random-mating populations presented wider variations of various agronomic characteristics compared with the modified bulk F₄ populations. These facts point out that the active recurrent improvement scheme using genic male-sterile factor as outcrossing carrier may be utilized effectively to accumulate the numerous gene sources together into a population and to increase the opportunity of continuous recombinations. The phenotypic correlations among some quantitative characters, except the association between panicle length and spikelet numbers per panicle, showed similar or considerably different tendency according to the populations due to different parental combinations and different breeding manipulations. Associations between the quantitative characters such as days to heading, culm length, panicle length, and number of spikelets per panicle, whose variations were largely changed by recombined variation, increased significantly according to random-mating times but decreased

Colchicine을 利用한 水稻 葯培養 半數體의 染色體 倍加

Young Hee Son(孫永姬),Huhn Pal Moon(文憲八),Soo Yeon Cho(趙守衍),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1985 한국육종학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and Tween 20 to colchicine solution applied to anther derived rice haploid plants increased the percentage of induced diploids more than did colchicine alone. When Gibberellic acid(GA 3) was added, plant mortality caused by Tween 20 was decreased, thus the percentage of haploids with doubled sectors was increased. Concentration of colchicine solution used was 0.1% and those of DMSO and Tween 20 were 2% and 0.03 %, respectively. At a concentration of 20 ㎎/ℓ, GA3 was more effective.

水稻品種의 二面交雜에 의한 量的形質의 遺傳分析 Ⅰ. 자포니카 水稻品種의 雜種强勢 및 主要形質間의 相關

Tae Soon Kwak(郭泰淳),Byung Tae Jun(田炳泰),Soo Yeon Cho(趙守衍),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This work has been performed to get the useful informations regarding the degree of heterosis and correlations between quantitative characters related to sink and source in Japonica rice varieties. Heterosis for days to flowering in F1 generation was mostly significant to late maturing, however, cross combination in which Ishiokamochi 7 crossed with Shin # 2 showed hetersois for days to flowering to early maturing. Degree of heterosis for culm length in F1 was greater than that of in F2 generation and the direction of heterosis and heterobeltiosis was tall culm length in case of cross combination in which Ishiokamochi 7 crossed with Samnambyeo. Almost all F1 generation in which had Ishiokamochi 7 as parent showed high heterosis for the number of panicles, 1000 grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle. Degree of heterosis to the productivity score in F₁, generation mostly showed high and positive direction. Significant positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis for leaf area index was found in the cross combination involved Ishiokamochi 7, Shin # 2 and Samnambyeo as their parent. In general, genotypic correlation coefficient was higher than environmental correlation coefficient and characters such as 1000 grain weight, number of spikelets per panicle and productivity score showed highly significant genotypic correlation with yield. The genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients between dry matter and harvest index in F1 generation showed highly negative significant. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation were found for crop growth rate and relative growth rate.

한국 쌀 생산기술의 국제경쟁력 제고

박내경 한국국제농업개발학회 1994 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

Rice has been one of the most important crops which depend as an major source of food in Korea. Rice cultivation plays an important role in terms of territory conservation for agro-ecosystem and for environmental improvement for human life. Lately, it comes to be a big issue as Green Round in the worldwide. Thus, rice cultivation in Korea are also emphasized to continue with international competitiveness. It is required to high quality, cost down for production, a variety of rice processing, and marketing structure to increase the world market competitiveness in rice. The followings are considered for competitive improvement for rice in Korea. The 46% of the reduction in land charge for rice production is more important factor than the 26% of that in labor cost. Direct seeding methods for cultivation are recommendable to reduce labor cost based on agro-ecological conditions. The use of heavy machinery and cultivation of large scale are greatly useful for labor cost reduction. In addition, techniques for direct seeding by plane nees to develop based on Krean conditions. Development of high quality and variety in processing is urgently needed to breakdown of the reduction in production cost. High eating quality for consummer's taste, a variety of processing rice, maintainance of the freshness and healthness during storage are required by breeding and in proving techniques for cultivation.

메밀 채소(菜蔬)및 종실용(種實用)재배의 중요성

최병한,박근용,박내경 한국국제농업개발학회 1991 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

Buckwheat belongs to the polygonaceae family and is a pseudo cereal but not a true cereal crop. Buckwheat plants thrive under relatively moist, cool conditions, and grows well in mountainous sections in Korea because the crop matures in two and three months. The crop also grows well in a variety of soil types, and in moist and cool climates is more likely than other crops to produce a satisfactory grain yield on poor soils and more tolerant to acid soils than other grain crops. Thus the crop ㏊s been a popular favorite food crop in Korea for along time. For best results, summer buckwheat should be planted in mid and late April, and fall buckwheat should be planted in late July in Korea being 10∼12 weeks before a killing frost is expected because the crop plants respond differentially to day length and temperature and can be divided into summer buckwheat to harvest during the summer season, and fall buckwheat to harvest during the fall season. When summer buckwheat cultivar Sinnong 1 was planted on April 20, 1989 in Suwon, Korea, its highest grain yield 3.04t/㏊ was harvested from the plot of seeding rate 80 ㎏/㏊, drill-seeding and polyethylene film mulching, and with lowest grain yield 1.62 t/㏊ harvested from the plot of seeding rate 40 ㎏/㏊, broadcasting and non-mulching. Buckwheat farmer's grain yield level ㏊s been only about 1.0 t/㏊. It is recommendable for summer buckwheat culture to farmers in Korea. Young buckwheat plants have been used as a non-polluted vegetable and medicinal crop for along time because of their rapid growth rate, high protein and rutin content and a more favorable ratio of leaves to stems than mature plants. Our buckwheat research team developed off-season cultivation techniques for the young and green buckwheat vegetable of higher quality and yield, and for its increased value-added income. Furthermore, the effects of planting season, seeding rate, seed bed soil fertility and type, and seedling growth period on rutin content for vegetable and medicinal use were determined. The young vegetable yields in the off-seasan culture ranged from 2.62 t/㏊ to 22.7 t/㏊ and with expected gross income 5.24 to 12.50 million won/㏊. The highest vegetable yield was 23 t/㏊ for 25 days old seedlings grown in the polyethylene film tunnel from March 30 to April 25, 1991 where seeding rate was 540 ㎏/㏊. Buckwheat vegetable's quality and income were dependent upon planting season, seeding rate, growing duration and temperature and facilities of raising seedlings. Rutin content of the vegetable was 69.3 ㎎/1.00g for dried leaf, 17.6 ㎎/100g for dried stem and 46.4 ㎎/100g for the w㏊le plant in average. The rutin content was significantly varied due to the different environmental conditions including fertility and type of seed bed soil, growing duration and temperature of the green house, polyethylene film house and tunnel. Rutin is a flavonal glycoside used as a medicinal agent for treatment of vascular disorders caused by abnormally fragile or permeable capillaries and radiation diseases. Buckwheat flowers are important honey source in Korea where climatic conditions are most favorable to nectar flow, and also important for sight seening.