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Han, Sang-Wook,Choi, Min-Seon,Lee, Suk-Ha,Hwang, Duk-Ju,Hwang, Byung-Kook,Heu, Sung-Gi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.3
Typical susceptible symptoms of the bacterial pustule disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines are pustule and chlorotic haloes that usually occur in leaves of Glycine max plants. The soybean genotype 'PI96188' showed an atypical response to all tested races X. axonopodis pv. glycines, accompanied with necrosis without chlorotic haloes on the underside of the necrotic symptoms. X. axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra grew to levels from 10 to 100 fold lower on PI96188 than on susceptible cultivar Jinjoo1, but 10-fold higher than on the resistant cultivar CNS. The chlorophyll content in PI96188 leaves remained unchanged until 12 days after bacterial infection. Ultrastructural observation showed that the infected leaf cells of PI96188 had intact normal chloroplasts compared to those of the susceptible cultivar Jinjoo1. Chloroplast degradation or the absence of chloroplasts in cells of the infected tissues was observed in Jinjoo1. Senescence-related ACS7 gene was significantly induced in PI96188 compared to those in Jinjoo1 at 2 days after inoculation. While photosynthesis-related rbcS gene showed the dramatic change in Jinjoo1, this gene was constitutively expressed in PI96188. However, expression of the defense-related genes, such as peroxidase and isoflavone synthase in the infected PI96188 leaves was similar to that in Jinjoo1. Together, these results suggest that the novel necrotic symptom in PI96188 is a kind of resistant response different from a typical hypersensitive response in the resistant genotypes.
Effect of Temperature on Survival of Escherichia coli O157
Kyu-Seok Jung,Sung-Gi Heu,Eun-Jung Roh,Min-Ha Kim,Hyun-Ji Gil,Na-Young Choi,Dong-Hwan Lee,Jeong-A Lim,Jae-Gee Ryu,Kye-Hoon Kim 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Animal manure compost is a commonly used fertilizer in organic vegetable and fruit production in Korea. However, livestock manure compost produced from animal feces can contain a lot of the non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. Of particular concern are bacteria causing human food-borne illness such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of temperature on survival of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes in livestock manure compost. Commercial livestock manure compost (manure 60%, sawdust 40%) was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Compost was incubated at four different temperatures (10, 25, 35, and 55℃) for 20 weeks. Samples were taken every week during incubation depending on the given conditions. E. coli O157:H7 persisted for up to 1 day in livestock manure compost at 55℃, over 140 days at 10℃, 140 days at 25℃, and 120 days at 35℃, respectively. L. monocytogenes persisted for up to 1 day in livestock manure compost at 55℃ and 140 days at 10℃, 70 days at 25℃, and 40 days at 35℃, respectively. The results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes persisted longer under low temperature condition. E. coli O157:H7 survived longer than L. monocytogenes at three different temperatures (10, 25, and 35℃). The results are being used to develop guidelines on the management of manure to reduce the risks of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes transmission to foods produced in the presence of animal waste.
Survival of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Chicken and Pig Manure Compost
Kyu-Seok Jung,Sung-Gi Heu,Eun-Jung Roh,Min-Ha Kim,Hyun-Ji Gil,Na-Young Choi,Dong-Hwan Lee,Jeong-A Lim,Jae-Gee Ryu,Kye-Hoon Kim 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Livestock manure is a valuable source of nutrients and organic matter for plant. Thus, livestock manure compost is commonly used fertilizer in organic vegetable and fruit production in many countries. However, contaminated or inadequate manure compost can give negative effect to soil microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the survival difference of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken and pig manure compost under the selected environmental conditions. Commercially available manure compost (pig, chicken) was inoculated with S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Manure compost was incubated at 25℃ and consistent moisture content. Samples had been collected during 200 days depending on the given conditions. S. enterica survived for 130 days in pig manure compost and over 200 days in chicken manure compost, respectively. L. monocytogenes persisted for 120 days in pig manure compost and over 200 days in chicken manure compost, respectively. It is noted that the number of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes gradually decreased over time. The results indicate that S. enterica survived longer than L. monocytogenes in manure compost at 25℃. S. enterica and L. monocytogenes survived longer in chicken manure compost than in pig manure compost. Increased knowledge of pathogen behavior in agricultural environments is a valuable part of future work on improving risk evaluations and, in a longer perspective, in providing data for guidelines regarding safe handling of pathogen-contaminated manure compost and soil.