The Residual Impact of Information Technology Exportation on Thai Higher Education

Michael T. Miller,Mei-Yan Lu,Thapanee Thammetar APEC국제교육협력원 2004 Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal Vol.1 No.1

URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT , FOREIGN CAPITAL , AND POLICY INTERVENTION

MICHAEL, MICHAEL S.,MILLER, STEPHEN M. 한국국제경제학회 1994 International Economic Journal Vol.8 No.3

We re-examine the effect of various policy interventions in a developing economy with urban unemployment of the Harris-Todaro type. Our innovations include the introduction of international capital mobility, and the explicit consideration of capital taxes (subsidies). Our findings are compared and contrasted with the Harris-Todaro models with and without intersectoral capital mobility. The introduction of international capital mobility returns the analysis toward the original sector-specific capital Harris-Todaro model, since in both models the manufacturing sector forms a totally independent sub-economy. [F13, F20]

Resistance Analyses for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Containing Regimens in HCV-infected Patients Who Have Advanced Liver Disease or Are Post Liver Transplant

( Michael Charlton ),( Michael Manns ),( Hadas Dvory-sobol ),( Evguenia Svarovskaia ),( Brian Doehle ),( Sarah Arterburn ),( Chohee Yun ),( Diana M. Brainard ),( John G. Mchutchison ),( Michael Miller 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) with ribavirin (RBV) demonstrated high SVR rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) genotype (GT) 1 or 4 infection who have decompensated cirrhosis or who have undergone liver transplantation. Here we evaluated the effect of baseline HCV NS5A and NS5B resistance-associated variants (RAVs) on treatment outcome and characterized the viral resistance in all virologic failures. Methods: Deep sequencing with a 1% assay cut-off was performed for NS5A and NS5B at baseline for all the patients and at the time of virologic failure for those who relapsed. Results: Out of 625, 622, and 619 samples were analyzed for baseline NS5A and NS5B respectively. Table 1 summarizes SVR12 rates by treatment duration and the presence or absence of baseline NS5A RAVs. NS5B RAVs at baseline were uncommon, occurring in 4.8% (28/586) GT1 patients and 3.2% (1/31) GT 4 patients. Of these 29 patients, only one GT1 patient with CPT C cirrhosis who had L159F at baseline and was treated for 24 weeks with LDV/SOF+RBV did not achieve SVR12. NS5A RAVs at positions 24, 28, 30, 31, 58, and 93 were enriched or emerged in 20/22 (91%) GT1 and 1/3 GT4 infected patients with virologic failure. The NS5B NI RAV E237G emerged in 3 GT1a patients and 1 GT4d patient at the time of relapse (4/23, 17%). Conclusions: The presence of baseline NS5A or NS5B RAVs did not impact the treatment outcome to 12 or 24 weeks of LDV/SOF+RBV in GT1 or GT4 HCV patients with liver ransplantation without decompensated liver disease, or 24 weeks of LDV/SOF+RBV in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Lower SVR rates were observed among the limited number of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and baseline NS5A RAVs who received 12 weeks of LDV/SOF+RBV treatment.

Critical currents across grain boundaries in YBCO : The role of grain boundary structure

Miller Dean J.,Gray Kenneth E.,Field Michael B.,Kim, Dong-Ho The Korean Superconductivity Society 1999 Progress in superconductivity Vol.1 No.1

Measurements across single grain boundaries in YBCO thin films and bulk bicrystals have been used to demonstrate the influence of grain boundary structure on the critical current carried across the grain boundary. In particular, we show that one role of grain boundary structure is to change the degree of pinning along the boundary, thereby influencing the critical current. This effect can be used to explain the large difference in critical current density across grain boundaries in thin films compared to that for bulk bicrystal. These differences illustrate the distinction between the intrinsic mechanism of coupling across the grain boundary that determines the maximum possible critical current across a boundary and the measured critical current which is limited by dissipation due to the motion of vortices.

America’s Role in the Making of Japan’s Economic Miracle

Michael Beckley,Yusaku Horiuchi,Jennifer M. Miller 동아시아연구원 2018 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.18 No.1

Japan’s remarkable postwar growth spurt in the 1960s would not have been possible without Japan’s alliance with the United States. Policy makers, political scientists, economists, historians, and journalists on both sides of the Pacific have made this claim, but no study has yet tested it with modern statistical methods. In this article, we compare the economic growth trajectories of Japan and a statistically constructed “synthetic” Japan, which had a similar profile until the late 1950s but did not experience the consolidation of the US–Japan alliance, a process that began in 1958 and culminated with the signing of a formal defense pact in January 1960. We find that Japan’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) grew much faster than the synthetic Japan’s from 1958 to 1968. We substantiate these results with in-depth historical analyses on how the United States facilitated Japan’s economic miracle.

High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism maps of the human genome

Miller, Raymond D.,Phillips, Michael S.,Jo, Inho,Donaldson, Miriam A.,Studebaker, Joel F.,Addleman, Nicholas,Alfisi, Steven V.,Ankener, Wendy M.,Bhatti, Hamid A.,Callahan, Chad E.,Carey, Benjamin J.,C Elsevier 2005 Genomics Vol.86 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Here we report a large, extensively characterized set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the human genome. We determined the allele frequencies of 55,018 SNPs in African Americans, Asians (Japanese–Chinese), and European Americans as part of The SNP Consortium's Allele Frequency Project. A subset of 8333 SNPs was also characterized in Koreans. Because these SNPs were ascertained in the same way, the data set is particularly useful for modeling. Our results document that much genetic variation is shared among populations. For autosomes, some 44% of these SNPs have a minor allele frequency ≥10% in each population, and the average allele frequency differences between populations with different continental origins are less than 19%. However, the several percentage point allele frequency differences among the closely related Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations suggest caution in using mixtures of well-established populations for case–control genetic studies of complex traits. We estimate that ∼7% of these SNPs are private SNPs with minor allele frequencies <1%. A useful set of characterized SNPs with large allele frequency differences between populations (>60%) can be used for admixture studies. High-density maps of high-quality, characterized SNPs produced by this project are freely available.</P>

Current Understanding of Mineral and Bone Disorders of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Scientific Grounds on the Use of Exogenous Parathyroid Hormone in Its Management

Michael Pazianas,Paul Dennis Miller 대한골대사학회 2020 대한골대사학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) disturbs mineral homeostasis leading to mineral and bone disorders (MBD). Serum calcium and phosphate (Pi) remain normal until the late stages of CKD at the expense of elevate fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a phosphaturic hormone, followed by reduced 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) and finally elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pi retention is thought to be the initial cause of CKD-MBD. The management of MBD is a huge clinical challenge because the effectiveness of current therapeutic regimens to prevent and treat MBD is limited. An intermittent regimen of PTH, when administered at the early stages of CKD, through its phosphaturic action, could prevent FGF-23 increases, the drop of 1,25(OH)2D, and the development of renal osteodystrophy, including secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and its catabolic effects on the skeleton. Even in more advanced stages of CKD that have not progressed to tertiary HPT, could be beneficial. Therapeutic effects could be achieved in vascular calcification as well. Limited experimental/clinical data support the effectiveness of PTH in CKD-MBD. Its safety, has been established only when it is used for the treatment of osteoporosis, including patients with CKD. The proposed intermittent PTH administration is biologically plausible but its effectiveness and safety has to be critically assessed in long term prospective studies in patients with CKD-MBD

Gabapentin for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Rowbotham, Michael,Harden, Norman,Stacey, Brett,Bernstein, Paula,Magnus-Miller, Leslie MediMedia Korea 1999 JAMA-Korea Vol.14 No.1

Successful Entomological Intervention against Anopheles sinensis, Limiting transmission of Plasmodium vivax to American Soldiers in the Republic of Korea

Strickman, Daniel,Miller, Mary-E.,Lee, Kwan-Woo,Kim, Heung-Chul,Wirtz, Robert-A.,Perich, Michael,Novakoski, William-L.,Feighner, Brian-H.,Roh, Cheon-Seop 한국곤충학회 2001 Entomological Research Vol.31 No.3

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has been experiencing an expanding epidemic of Plasmodium vivax malaria since 1993, with most cases occurring near the Demilitarized Zone in the northwestern part of the country. During 1996 and 1997, U.S. Army preventive medicine assets undertook a program of surveillance and vector control to reduce transmission to U.S. Forces Korea (USFK). In 1996, the total number of cases was low and only routine vector control (ULV applications of malathion in early evening, availability of repellent for soldiers without command emphasis) was undertaken. Surveillance in 1996 indicated that Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann was the vector and that the risk to unprotected troops was high (1 of 361 mosquitoes infected in one area with 30 bites/person per night, 1 of 1,559 mosquitoes infected in another area with biting rate of 130/person/night). All night collections showed that most biting was occurring late at night, between 2300 and 0300 hrs. Expecting more transmission in 1997, a coordinated program (which did not include chemoprophylaxis) was initiated in which physicians, military commanders, and entomology assets all played a role. The following entomological interventions were concentrated at the site of highest risk, Camp Bonifas: 1) application of residual insecticide to tents, barracks, and bed nets, 2) ULV application of resmethrin late at night, 3) replacement and repair of screens, 4) use of permethrin treated bednets in unscreened billets, and 5) command emphasis on use of repellents and proper wear of the permethrin-treated uniform. Camp Bonifas experienced a 40% decrease in malaria cases (from 5 cases in 1996 to 3 cases in 1997) compared to a 243% increase in other American troops (from 7 to 24 cases) and a 306% increase (from 285 to 1,156 cases) in ROK Army troops. Although more effective use of ULV and application of larvicides would probably have improved the result, we conclude that entomological interventions without chemoprophylaxis reduced malaria transmission at Camp Bonifas by 82% in 1997.

HBV : HBV Clinical Isolates Expressing Adefovir Resistance Mutations Show Similar Tenofovir Susceptibilities Across Genotypes B, C, and D

( Yang Liu ),( Michael D Miller ),( Kathryn M Kitrinos ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes can influence clinical outcomes as well as antiviral therapy responses. The adefovir resistance-associated mutations (ADV-R) rtN236T and/or rtA181V demonstrate reduced tenofovir (TFV) susceptibility in vitro. However, several clinical studies suggest patients with ADV-R respond well to tenofovir treatment. This study evaluated the TFV susceptibility of HBV genotype B, C, and D clinical isolates with ADV-R. Methods: Full length HBV genomes were amplified from patients with genotypes B, C, and D. Each isolate had rtA181T, rtA181V, rtN236T and rtA181V+rtN236T mutations introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. All isolates (including a wild-type control) were transfected into HepG2 cells. TFV and ADV susceptibility were assessed using quantitative PCR of intracellular HBV DNA. Results: Clinical HBV isolates containing rtA181T, rtA181V, or rtN236T as single mutants remained sensitive to TFV across genotypes B, C, and D. Viruses containing the double mutant rtA181V+rtN236T in genotype B and D exhibited reduced susceptibility to TFV with EC50 fold changes (FC) of 3.8 and 2.5, respectively, while genotype C viruses containing rtA181V + rtN236T either remained sensitive (FC=1.3) or exhibited re duced susceptibility to TFV (FC=2.9). All rtA181V+rtN236T isolates conferred reduced susceptibility to ADV (FC values 2.3-4.2). Conclusions: Genotype B, C, and D clinical isolates with single ADV resistance mutations remained fully sensitive to TFV, while the double mutant rtA181V+rtN236T exhibited either no change or low-level reduced susceptibility to TFV across genotypes. These results are consistent with the clinical efficacy observed with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment across all genotypes in vivo and the limited impact of ADV-R mutations on TDF therapy.