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General applications of modified Stokes expression for modeling and scale-up of expanded beds
Keun Garp Ryu,Yoon Mi Lee,권오열 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.2
The modeling of the behavior of expanded beds using Richardson-Zaki correlation in combination with the modified Stokes expression developed by Chae et al. [1] was successfully applied to the cases of small expanded beds (1 cm in column diameter) containing two different polydisperse particles used for ion-exchange operations, Chelating excellose (70-210 μm in diameter, 1.21 g/cm3 in density) and Streamline DEAE (100-300 μm in diameter, 1.20 g/cm3 in density). Empirical parameters determined for the modeling of the expansion of these small-beds (1 cm diameter) were found to have values similar to those for the case of larger expanded beds (2.5 cm in diameter) containing the same particles. This indicates that the modeling method can be utilized for the scale-up purposes of the expanded beds with various feed solutions.
Effects of Surfactants on the Enzymatic Blaching of Kraft Pulp by Xylanase
Ryu, Keun-Garp,Kim, Young-Gon The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 1997 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.2 No.2
A xylanase was purified from a commercial crude xylanase, Pulpzyme HC, and used for the bleaching of kraft pulp in the absence or in the presence of nonionic surfactants, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Igepal C930. The purified xylanase has a molecular weight of 23,500 as determined by a reducing SDS-PAGE. Tween 20 was most effective to enhance the efficiency of the enzymatic bleaching of kraft pulp by xylanase.
Ryu, Keun-Garp,Bae, Jun-Sang,Yu, Yeon-Su,Park, Sun-Ho The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.2
Entomopathogenic nematodes are being used for insect control. We purified a toxin secreted by the insect-pathogenic bacterium, Xenorhadbus nematophilus, which lives in the gut of entomopathogenic nematodes. Culture broth of X. nematophilus was separated by centrifugation and concentrated by ultration. The concentrated culture broth was applied to a DEAE Sephadex A-50 column, and proteins were eluted stepwise with increasing concentrations of KCI. Fractions column. The molecty weight of purified toxin was39 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and Fourier tranformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that this toxin could be a new protein exhiting the charactristics of C=O stretching peak near 1650cm-1.
PEROXIDASE - CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION OF p - CRESOL IN SUPERCRITICAL CO2
Ryu, Keun Garp,Kim, Sun Wook 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.13 No.4
The feasibility of the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in supercritical CO₂ was studied for the polymerization of p-cresol in the presence of H₂O₂. The reactions were performed at 40℃ and 74.8 atm (1100 psia) above the critical conditions of CO₂. In the initial tests with 2 mM of p-cresol and 1 mM of H₂O₂, more oligomers of p-cresol were produced as more HRP was added. This indicates that HRP is active in supercritical CO₂. HRP was not completely inhibited by H₂O₂ at concentrations up to 211 mM. Increasing the initial concentrations of p-cresol and H₂O₂ to 20 mM, respectively, resulted in the formation of precipitates which were undissolved either in water or in dimethylforamide (DMF). The effects of adding water and/or methanol as cosolvents on the reactivity of HRP were studied subsequently. When more than 13.3 mL of water per liter of reaction volume was added, the formation of precipitates was not observed. The reactivity of HRP was sustained when up to 11.8 mL of methanol per liter of reaction volume was added. In most cases conversion of p-cresol was less than 50% for 5 hours of reaction time.
( Keun Garp Ryu ),( Jun Sang Bae ),( Kyu Bum Kwack ),( O Yul Kwon ),( Sun Ho Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2002 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.12 No.3
Lysis of erythrocytes isolated from human, rabbit, and mouse blood samples was investigated with the culture supernatant of Xenorhabdus nematophilus in a primary form. Prior to use, the culture supernatant of the bacteria was concentrated and the concentrate was dialyzed against Tris-HCl buffer (10 mM, pH 8.1) by ultrafiltration using PM-5 membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 5,000. At 30℃, the supernatant exhibited no lytic activity towards three types of erythrocytes. However, at 4℃, the supernatant showed selective lytic activity towards rabbit erythrocytes within 90 min, yet did not lyze human or mouse erythrocytes. Microscopic examination clearly revealed that most of the rabbit erythrocytes had been turned into ghost forms.
류근갑,이상목,구뮨모 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.38 No.3
Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30에서 생산된 crude cellulase와 이를 다시 단백질 분해효소의 일종인 papain으로 부분 가수분해한 cellulase를 이용하여 고급폐지의 중규모 탈묵공정을 수행하였다. 이 탈묵공정의 결과를 상업용 탈묵효소인 Novozym 342를 이용하는 효소적 탈묵공정과, 가성소다를 사용하는 전통 화학적 탈묵공정과 비교하였다. 중규모 탈묵공정에서 crude cellulase 농도에 따른 탈묵효율은 CMCase activity 기준 3 units/g Oven Dry Paper에서 백색도(brightness)와 여수도(freeness)가 최대값을 보였다. 소규모에 비해 물리적 강도와 백색도가 높았으나 여수도와 수율은 낮았다. 중규모의 경우 3 units에서 백색도와 여수도에서 최적인 반면, 소규모의 경우는 2 units의 경우가 최적임을 보였다. Papain처리된 효소에 의한 탈묵은 Novozym 342와 비슷한 결과를 보였고, 가성소다를 사용하는 기존의 탈묵공정에 비해서는 백색도와 여수도는 우수하였으나 물리적 강도에서는 다소 낮았고, 수율면에서도 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 본 실험에서 Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30에 의해 생산된 crude cellulase를 papain으로 처리한 효소의 endo 성분과 exo 성분의 조합비율이 상업적으로 생산되는 탈묵효소(Novozym 342)와 비슷하게 나타났으며, 이는 경제성있는 탈묵용 효소로서의 가능성을 보여주었다. Enzymatic deinking of office-waste paper was studied using crude cellulose and papain-hydrolyzed cellulose from Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 in small-scale and mid-scale. The results were compared with deinkings using commercial enzyme(Novozym 342) and conventional chemical methods. Maximum brightness and freeness were obtained at 3 units/g Oven Dry Paper(ODP) of CMCase activity using crude cellulose in mid-scale deinking experiments. The deinked pulp had higher physical strength and brightness, and lower freeness and yield than the pulp deinked in small scale. In small scale deinking, maximum brightness and freeness were obtained at 2 unit/g ODP Deinking by papain-hydrolyzed cellulose showed similar results with those by Novozym 342. It was better in brightness and freeness, but showed lower physical strength and yield, than the conventional deinking by sodium hydroxide. The ratio of endo-l,4-glucanase and exo-l,4-glucanase components in papainhydrolyzed cellulose from Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 was similar to that of commercial enzyme, Novozym 342, implicating a successful application as a deinking enzyme.