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Alternaria Spots in Tomato Leaves Differently Delayed by Four Plant Essential Oil Vapours
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Jo, Yeon Sook,Ryoo, Dong Hyun,Jung, Ji Hwan,Kwon, Hyun Ji,Lee, Young Hee,Chang, Seog Won,Park, Chang-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 식물병연구 Vol.24 No.4
Alternaria leaf spot disease has been a concern during a tomato production in greenhouse. In vitro antifungal activities of vapours of four plant essential oils, cinnamon oil, fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil, were investigated during in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata causing the tomato leaf spots to find eco-friendly alternatives for chemical fungicides. The four plant essential oils showed different antifungal activities against in vitro conidial germination of A. alternata in dose-dependent manners, and cinnamon oil vapour was most effective to suppress the conidial germination. The four plant essential oils showed similar antifungal activities against the in vitro mycelial growth of A. alternata in dose-dependent manners, but low doses of thyme oil vapour slightly increased in vitro mycelial growth of A. alternata. Necrotic lesions on the A. alternata-inoculated tomato leaves were reduced differently depending on kinds and concentrations of plant essential oils. Delayed conidial germination and germ-tube elongation of A. alternata were found on the tomato leaves treated with cinnamon oil and origanum oil vapours at 6 hpi. These results suggest that volatiles from cinnamon oil and origanum oil can be provided as alternatives to manage Alternaria leaf spot during the tomato production eco-friendly.
Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Kang, Su Ran,Kim, Yeon Hwa,Yoon, Dong June,Kim, Do Hoon,Kim, Hyeon Ji,Sung, Chang Hyun,Kang, Han Sol,Choi, Chang Won,Kim, Seong Hwan,Kim, Young Shik The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$) and $H_2O_2$ was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of $H_2O_2$ and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both $H_2O_2$ and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by $10^6$ and $10^7$ cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. $H_2O_2$- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative 'area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)' was calculated to compare disease protection by $H_2O_2$ and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither $H_2O_2$ nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but $H_2O_2$ + SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Choi, Du Seok,Kim, Sang Hee,Yi, Seung Yeon,Kim, Young Jin,Hwang, Byung Kook Springer-Verlag 2008 Planta Vol.228 No.3
<P>Plant integral membrane proteins have essential roles in diverse internal and external physiological processes as signal receptors or ion transporters. The pepper CaPIMP1 gene encoding a putative integral membrane protein with four transmembrane domains was isolated and functionally characterized from pepper leaves infected with the avirulent strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). CaPIMP1-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusions localized to the plasma membrane in onion cells, as observed by confocal microscopy. CaPIMP1 was expressed in an organ-specific manner in healthy pepper plants. Infection with Xcv induced differential accumulation of CaPIMP1 transcripts in pepper leaf tissues during compatible and incompatible interactions. The function of CaPIMP1 was examined by using the virus-induced gene silencing technique in pepper plants and by overexpression in Arabidopsis. CaPIMP1-silenced pepper plants were highly susceptible to Xcv infection and expressed lower levels of the defense-related gene CaSAR82A. CaPIMP1 overexpression (CaPIMP1-OX) in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred enhanced resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato infection, accompanied by enhanced AtPDF1.2 gene expression. In contrast, CaPIMP1-OX plants were highly susceptible to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Taken together, we propose that CaPIMP1 plays distinct roles in both bacterial disease resistance and oomycete disease susceptibility.</P>
Reduced Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants by Bactericidal Peroxyacetic Acid Mixture Treatment
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Jang, Su Jeong,Lee, Young Hee,Jo, Yeon Sook,Yun, Jae Gill,Jo, Hyesu,Park, Chang-Jin,Kim, Hyo Joong The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.1
Peroxyacetic acid mixture Perosan, composed of peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, was evaluated for eco-friendly management of tomato bacterial wilt by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Perosan drastically suppressed in vitro growth of R. pseudosolanacearum in liquid cultures in dose- and incubation time-dependent manners. Higher perosan doses (0.1 and 1%) caused lowered pH and phytotoxicity to detached leaves of two tomato cultivars Cupirang and Benekia 220 in aqueous solution. Treatment with 0.01% of Perosan delayed wilting symptom significantly in the detached leaves of two cultivars inoculated with R. pseudosolanacearum ($10^7cfu/ml$). Soil drenching of 5% Perosan solution in pots caused severe tissue collapse of tomato seedlings at the four-week-old stage of two tomato cultivars. Treatment with 1% Perosan by soil-drenching significantly reduced bacterial wilt in the tomato seedlings of two cultivars. These findings suggest that Perosan treatment can be applied to suppress bacterial wilt during tomato production.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Kim, Hyeon Ji,Jung, Heesoo,Yang, Hye Ji,Kim, Do Hoon,Sung, Chang Hyun,Park, Chang-Jin,Chang, Seog Won The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5
Bacterial wilt and grey mould in tomato plants are economically destructive bacterial and fungal diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. Various approaches including chemical and biological controls have been attempted to arrest the tomato diseases so far. In this study, in vitro growths of bacterial R. solanacearum and fungal B. cinerea were evaluated using four different vitamins including thiamine (vitamin B1), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and menadione (vitamin K3). In planta efficacies of the four vitamin treatments on tomato protection against both diseases were also demonstrated. All four vitamins showed different in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in dose-dependent manners. However, treatment with 2 mM thiamine was only effective in reducing bacterial wilt of detached tomato leaves without phytotoxicity under lower disease pressure ($10^6$ colony-forming unit [cfu]/ml). Treatment with the vitamins also differentially reduced in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea . The four vitamins slightly reduced the conidial germination, and thiamine, pyridoxine and menadione inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Menadione began to drastically suppress the conidial germination and mycelial growth by 5 and 0.5 mM, respectively. Grey mould symptoms on the inoculated tomato leaves were significantly reduced by pyridoxine and menadione pretreatments one day prior to the fungal challenge inoculation. These findings suggest that disease-specific vitamin treatment will be integrated for eco-friendly management of tomato bacterial wilt and grey mould.
Hong, Jeum-Kyu,Hwang, Byung-Kook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Spatial and temporal expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene and proteins has been recognized as inducible defense response in pepper plants. Gene expression and/or protein accumulation of PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase was predominantly found in pepper plants during the inoculations by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes. PR-1 and chitinase genes were also induced in pepper plants in response to environmental stresses, such as high salinity and drought. PR-1 and chitinase gene expressions by biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by their own promoter regions containing several stress-related cis-acting elements. Overexpression of pepper PR-1 or chitinase genes in heterogeneous transgenic plants showed enhanced disease resistance as well as environmental stress tolerances. In this review, we focused on the putative function of pepper PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase proteins and/or genes at the biochemical, molecular and cytological aspects.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Hwang, In Sun,Hwang, Byung Kook Springer-Verlag 2017 Planta Vol.246 No.3
<P> Main conclusion Pepper leucine-rich repeat protein (CaLRR1) interacts with defense response proteins to regulate plant cell death and immunity. This review highlights the current understanding of the molecular functions of CaLRR1 and its interactor proteins. Plant cell death and immune responses to microbial pathogens are controlled by complex and tightly regulated molecular signaling networks. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv)-inducible pepper (Capsicum annuum) leucine-rich repeat protein 1 (CaLRR1) serves as a molecular marker for plant cell death and immunity signaling. In this review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the functional roles of CaLRR1 and its interacting plant proteins, and understanding how they are involved in the cell death and defense responses. CaLRR1 physically interacts with pepper pathogenesis-related proteins (CaPR10 and CaPR4b) and hypersensitive-induced reaction protein (CaHIR1) to regulate plant cell death and defense responses. CaLRR1 is produced in the cytoplasm and trafficked to the extracellular matrix. CaLRR1 binds to CaPR10 in the cytoplasm and CaPR4b and CaHIR1 at the plasma membrane. CaLRR1 synergistically accelerates CaPR10-triggered hypersensitive cell death, but negatively regulates CaPR4b- and CaHIR1-triggered cell death. CaHIR1 interacts with Xcv filamentous hemagglutinin (Fha1) to trigger disease-associated cell death. The subcellular localization and cellular function of these CaLRR1 interactors during plant cell death and defense responses were elucidated by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression, virus-induced gene silencing, and transgenic overexpression studies. CaPR10, CaPR4b, and CaHIR1 positively regulate defense signaling mediated by salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species, thereby activating hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of CaLRR1 and its interacting protein partners in cell death and defense responses will provide valuable information for the molecular genetics of plant disease resistance, which could be exploited as a sustainable disease management strategy. </P>