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Nathaniel Hawthorne의「朱紅글씨」硏究 : "A Dark Necessity"를 中心으로
李章煥 淑明女子大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.25 No.-
As The Scarlet letter, a human tragedy, does not try to convince us of the validity of any particular morality, a didactic reading of it is not adequate for its proper understanding. Hawthorne, the artist-thinker, pitying rather than hating mankind, burdened with the common heritage of sin, used his art to reveal rather than to resolve the paradox, irony, and frustration in human destiny. Hawthorne, driven to take the tragic view of life and human destiny, due to his own conception of good and evil, simply presented human destiny as tragic, by refusing to pass the last judgement and permitting his reader to do it. The tragedy of The scarlet Letter has chiefly sprung from the three main characters' own frustrated desires, i.e. Hester in her free submission to human love, failed to achieve even the natural satisfaction she sought; Dimmesdale in his orthodox submission to Calvinistic God, suffered his death that could not assure him of a reunion; and Chillingworth suffered a spiritual ruin, owing to the failure of his personal revenge on Dimmesdale. Their frustrations have brought tragedies upon them through the instrumentality of the "iron link" of the paradox and irony in "a chain of compulsion," i.e. "a dark necessity," the fate. There has been "a dark necessity" at work in all their lives, "a compulsive logic" which would carry them to their inevitable ends. Hawthorne, with his deep understanding of both Puritanism and humanity, treated their sin with pity and sympathy. Therefore, Hester's adultery itself, of all crimes, might be considered as the most excusable, considering her situations. However, the work implies that sin remains real and inescapable. Both the two separate graves with single tombstone and the scarlet letter (sin) "gloomier" than the shadow (Puritanism) imply that the superiority is granted to the latter (Puritanism). Hawthorne, in spite of his sympathetic treatment of man's sin, implicitly reveals that the consequences of deeds, even the impulse of passion, last forever as a "ruined wall." the Scarlet Letter is a human tragedy of "human frailty and sorrow."