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김호섭,김상용,박지형,한미덕,Kim, Ho-Sub,Kim, Sang-Yong,Park, Jihyung,Han, Mideok 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.5
The fractionation characteristics of organic matter were investigated in inflow and effluent of each other pollution sources and river. While the DOC/TOC ratio in the influent of public sewage treatment plant and livestock disposal facilities was above 0.58, the POC/TOC ratio of human livestock Night soil treatment plant and stormwater runoff was more than 0.7. The TOC removal efficiency of public sewage treatment plant and human livestock Night soil treatment plant were 88.5 % and 99.6 %, respectively. Although the concentration distribution of organic matter pollution most of total organic carbon (TOC) in effluent of pollution sources accounted for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) type (DOC/TOC ratio >0.89) and Refractory-DOC (RDOC)/TOC ratio was higher (>0.65). The fractionation characteristics of organic matter in river were similar with that of sewage treatment plant and TOC concentration showed the positive correlation with DOC ($r^2=0.93$) and RDOC ($r^2=0.89$) concentration. The decay rate of Labile DOC (LDOC) (avg. $0.128day^{-1}$) was higher than labile particulate organic carbon (LPOC) ($0.082day^{-1}$), while that of DOC ($0.008day^{-1}$) was lower than POC ($0.039day^{-1}$) (paired t-test, p < 0.001, n = 5). These study results suggested that it should consider important both TOC and DOC as the target indicator to control refractory organic matter in pollution sources.
수심이 얕은 부영양 인공호(일감호)의 동 ${\cdot}$ 식물플랑크톤 동태학
김호섭,박제철,황순진,Kim, Ho-Sub,Park, Je-Chul,Hwang, Soon-Jin 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3
본 연구는 수심이 얕고 부영양화가 지속되고 있는 인공호수에서의 동 ${\cdot}$식물플랑크톤의 종 조성과 현존량의 계절변화, 수질인자와의 상관관계 그리고 PEG모델과의 비교를 위해 실시되었다. 식물플랑크톤의 분류군 별 계절적 출현양상은 봄과 가을에 녹조류와 규조류가 우점하고 여름에 남조류의 현존량이 증가함에 따라 PEG모델과 유사하였다. 그러나 현존량에 의한 우점종의 변화는 2002년 1월부터 3월가지 녹조류가 우점했던 것을 제외하고는 조사기간 내내 남조류가 우점 함으로써 PEG모델과 다르게 나타냈다. 수체 내 영양염의 증가가 나타난 봄철 녹조류가 증가하였고, 무기영양염의 감소와 함께 남조류의 우점비율이 증가하였다. 주요출현 남조류는 Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Merismopedia속 내종들 이였고, 2000년 10월에 가장 높은 현존량을 나타났으며 (12.9${\pm}$5.8${\times}10^5$ cells/ml, 3.5${\pm}$0.9${\times}10^3{\mu}gC/l$), 엽록소 a ($r^2$ = 0.71, P< 0.001), TP농도 ($r^2$ = 0.62, P< 0.001)와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 녹조류가 우점한 3월부터 5월 사이에 윤충류인 Keratella cochlearis와 같은 크기가 작은 윤충류의 증가가 나타났다. 성체보다는 대부분 유생의 비율이 (70%이상)높았던 요각류와 지각류 (Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Bosmina longirostris등)의 현존량 증가는 식물플랑크톤 중 와편모조류와 규조류가 증가한 6월과 9월 사이에 나타났다($r^2$=0.73, P< 0.001). 본 연구기간동안 동물플랑크톤 섭식에 의한 청수기는 관찰되지 않았으며, 동 ${\cdot}$ 식물플랑크톤의 다양성은 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 증가 시 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에서는 부영양 호수에서 동물플랑크톤의 섭식이나 제한영양염의 결핍이 식물플랑크톤의 현존량에 영향을 출 수 있으나 군집의 변화를 야기하지는 못함이 제시되었다. This study was attempted to understand seasonal dynamics of phyto- and zooplankton communities in shallow, eutrophic Lake llgam and to compare them with the PEG (Plankton Ecology Group) model. Seasonal succession pattern of phytoplankton community was similar to PEG model as Chlorophyceae and Baciliphyceae increase during spring and autumn fellowed by increase of Cyanophyceae. However, based on the cell density and biomass, a dominant phytoplankton community differed with PEG model: Cyanophyceae had been a dominant community throughout a year, except for ice-cover period during which Chlorophyceae was a dominant group. In spring, when ice melted and dissolved nutrients in water column increased, the increase of Chlorophyceae occurred: when nutrients (DIN and DIP) rapidly decreased, Cyanophyceae increase occurred. Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Merismopedia were maior dominant species of Cyanophyceae and their cell density and/or biomass was the highest in October 2000 (12.9${\pm}$5.8${\times}10^5$ cells/ml, 3.5${\pm}$0.9${\times}10^3{\mu}gC/l$). Cyanophyceae biomass showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a ($r^2$ = 0.71,P< 0.001) and TP concentration ($r^2$ = 0.62, P< 0.001). Small-sized rotifers such as Keratella cochlearis, increased between March and May when Chlorophyceae increased. Both high standing crop of copepods and cladocerans, such as Diaphanosoma brachyrum and Bosmina longirostris occurred between June and September accompanied with the increase of Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. There was no evidence that clear-water phase was caused by zooplankton grazing. The diversity and evenness index of phyto- and/or zooplankton increased with chlorophyll a concentration. These results suggest zooplankton grazing and limiting nutrient deficiency could lead to change of phytoplankton biomass, but not the phytoplankton community in Lake llgam.
하·폐수처리시설 방류수내 유기물질 및 NOD 분포 특성
김호섭 ( Ho-sub Kim ),김석규 ( Seok-gyu Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2021 한국물환경학회지 Vol.37 No.1
In this study, an analysis of the characteristics of organic matter and nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD) of 17 sewage effluent and wastewater treatments was conducted. High COD<sub>Mn</sub> and carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD) concentrations were observed in the livestock treatment plants (LTP), wastewater treatment plants(WTP), and night soil treatment plants (NTP), but the highest NOD concentration and contribution rates of NOD to BOD<sub>5</sub> were found in sewage treatment plants (STP). There was no significant difference in the CBOD/COD<sub>Mn</sub> ratio for each of the six pollution source groups, but the LTPs, WTPs, and NTPs all showed relatively high COD<sub>Mn</sub> concentrations in their effluent samples, indicating that they are facilities which discharge large amounts of refractory organic matter. The seasonal change of NOD in all facilities’ effluent was found to be larger than the seasonal change of CBOD, and data results also revealed an elevation of NOD and NH3-N concentration from December to February, when the water temperature was low. There was no significant difference in NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration in relation to pollution source group (p=0.08, one-way ANOVA), but the STP, which had a high NOD contribution rate to BOD<sub>5</sub> of 48%, showed a high correlation between BOD<sub>5</sub> and NOD (r<sup>2</sup>=0.95, p<0.0001). These results suggest that the effect of NOD on BOD<sub>5</sub> is an important factor to be considered when analyzing STP effluent.
김호섭 ( Ho-sub Kima ),박윤희 ( Yun-hee Park ),김용삼 ( Yong-sam Kim ),김상용 ( Sang-yong Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.5
The purpose of this study was to understand distribution characteristics of organic matters through concentration of BOD<sub>5</sub>, COD<sub>Mn</sub> and TOC in 31 streams in Han River region, and to establish the relationship among organic matter concentration, and discharge load and flow rate. Concentration of BOD<sub>5</sub> and TOC in 22 streams were above IV grade except 9, and the average 80.9 % of total organic matter (by TOC) accounted for dissolved organic type. Correlation among organic matter parameters were higher (r2 > 0.78) and the relationship between TOC and COD<sub>Mn</sub> concentration was higher than BOD<sub>5</sub>. Ratio of biodegradable organic matter/total organic matter in the 31 streams was estimated at 41.4 % with BOD<sub>5</sub> oxidation rate, and 78.0 % with BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD<sub>Mn</sub> concentration ratio. Ratio of NBOD/BOD<sub>5</sub> concentration in four sites with BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD<sub>Mn</sub> concentration ratio exceeding 1 ranged from 54.5 % ~ 79.3 %. Among 979 flow rate data measured at 31 streams, 87 % of measured data was below 0.1 cms and increased water pollution under low flow conditions. Correlation between BOD<sub>5</sub> concentration and BOD<sub>5</sub> discharge load in the watershed was low, and it was revealed that several streams have more BOD<sub>5</sub> delivery load than BOD<sub>5</sub> discharge load. Results suggest that many biodegradable forms of organic matter are being introduced into the stream from pollutant sources in the watershed.
수질과 오염원의 장기적 변화를 통한 팔당호 상수원수질보전 특별대책지역 규제효과 분석
김호섭 ( Ho-sub Kim ),박윤희 ( Yun-hee Park ),김용삼 ( Yong-sam Kim ),김상용 ( Sang-yong Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.1
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of policies on water quality management based on the changes in pollutants and water quality in Special Water Preservation Area (SWPA) of Lake Paldang watershed from 1990 to 2016. The population, total sewage and flow rate of wastewater in SWPA continuously increased from 1990 to 2016, while the location of new facilities for industrial and livestock facilities has been restricted. However, unlike the buffer zone in which industrial and livestock facilities were continuously reduced after implementing of TMDL, it was found that the effect of land-use regulations on industrial and livestock facilities in SWPA were mitigated by the increase in the size of large facilities. Since 1999 when the emission standard of public sewage treatment plants (STP) was changed, the water quality of Lake Paldang has increased despite the increase of pollutant source. Since emission standard of STP changed in 2012 (BOD 5 mg/L, TP 0.2 mg/L), BOD concentration in Lake Paldang has also improved to the level of water quality in the early 1990s where as TP concentration has remained at its lowest since 1990. BOD and TP average discharge concentration of 43 STP (≥ 500 m3/day) in 2016 have been maintained 1.7 ± 0.7 mg/L and 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/L respectively. While the discharged load of STP in SWPA was decreased by the concentration management, the contribution rate to the total discharged load of non-point pollutants increased to 70 % in 2015, and the contribution rate to the point discharged load of individual treatment facilities increased to 80 %.