Concrete structural health monitoring using piezoceramic-based wireless sensor networks

Peng Li,Haichang Gu,Gangbing Song,Rong Zheng,YL Mo 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.6

Impact detection and health monitoring are very important tasks for civil infrastructures, such as bridges. Piezoceramic based transducers are widely researched for these tasks due to the piezoceramic material inherent advantages of dual sensing and actuation ability, which enables the active sensing method for structural health monitoring with a network of piezoceramic transducers. Wireless sensor networks, which are easy for deployment, have great potential in health monitoring systems for large civil infrastructures to identify early-age damages. However, most commercial wireless sensor networks are general purpose and may not be optimized for a network of piezoceramic based transducers. Wireless networks of piezoceramic transducers for active sensing have special requirements, such as relatively high sampling rate (at a few-thousand Hz), incorporation of an amplifier for the piezoceramic element for actuation, and low energy consumption for actuation. In this paper, a wireless network is specially designed for piezoceramic transducers to implement impact detection and active sensing for structural health monitoring. A power efficient embedded system is designed to form the wireless sensor network that is capable of high sampling rate. A 32 bit RISC wireless microcontroller is chosen as the main processor. Detailed design of the hardware system and software system of the wireless sensor network is presented in this paper. To verify the functionality of the wireless sensor network, it is deployed on a two-story concrete frame with embedded piezoceramic transducers, and the active sensing property of piezoceramic material is used to detect the damage in the structure. Experimental results show that the wireless sensor network can effectively implement active sensing and impact detection with high sampling rate while maintaining low power consumption by performing offline data processing and minimizing wireless communication.

Concrete structural health monitoring using piezoceramic-based wireless sensor networks

Li, Peng,Gu, Haichang,Song, Gangbing,Zheng, Rong,Mo, Y.L. Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.5

Impact detection and health monitoring are very important tasks for civil infrastructures, such as bridges. Piezoceramic based transducers are widely researched for these tasks due to the piezoceramic material's inherent advantages of dual sensing and actuation ability, which enables the active sensing method for structural health monitoring with a network of piezoceramic transducers. Wireless sensor networks, which are easy for deployment, have great potential in health monitoring systems for large civil infrastructures to identify early-age damages. However, most commercial wireless sensor networks are general purpose and may not be optimized for a network of piezoceramic based transducers. Wireless networks of piezoceramic transducers for active sensing have special requirements, such as relatively high sampling rate (at a few-thousand Hz), incorporation of an amplifier for the piezoceramic element for actuation, and low energy consumption for actuation. In this paper, a wireless network is specially designed for piezoceramic transducers to implement impact detection and active sensing for structural health monitoring. A power efficient embedded system is designed to form the wireless sensor network that is capable of high sampling rate. A 32 bit RISC wireless microcontroller is chosen as the main processor. Detailed design of the hardware system and software system of the wireless sensor network is presented in this paper. To verify the functionality of the wireless sensor network, it is deployed on a two-story concrete frame with embedded piezoceramic transducers, and the active sensing property of piezoceramic material is used to detect the damage in the structure. Experimental results show that the wireless sensor network can effectively implement active sensing and impact detection with high sampling rate while maintaining low power consumption by performing offline data processing and minimizing wireless communication.

구배법을 이용한 진동제어용 압전 감지기/작동기의 위치 최적화

강영규 한국소음진동공학회 2001 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.6

Optimization of the collocated piezoceramic sensor/actuator placement is investigated numerically and verified experimentally for vibration control of laminated composite plates. The finite element method is used for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of the laminated composite plates with the piezoceramic sensor/actuator. The structural damping index(SDI) is defined from the modal damping(2$\omega$ζ) . It is chosen as the objective function for optimization. Weights for each vibrational mode are taken into account in the SDI calculation. The gradient method is used for the optimization. Optimum location of the piezoceramic sensor/actuator is determined by maximizing the SDI. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the optimum location of the piezoceramic sensor/actuator is dependent upon the outer layer fiber orientations of the plate, and location and size of the piezoceramic sensor/actuator

압전세라믹 센서와 광섬유 센서를 이용한 복합재 구조물의 건전성 모니터링

김천곤,성대운,김대현,방형준 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.5

구조건전성 모니터링은 복합재 구조물이 운용되는 단계에서 뿐만 아니라 설계 및 제자단계에서도 중요한 관심사가 되고 있다. 과도한 하중이나 저속충격은 모재균열이나 층간분리와 같은 복합재 파손의 원인이 될 수 있으며 이러한 손상은 구조물의 하중지지성능을 저하시키게 된다. 지능형 복합재 구조물에서의 구조건전성 모니터링 기술의 개발은 항공기와 같은 복합재 구조물의 안전성 향상에 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 압전세라믹 센서 및 광섬유 센서를 복합재 구조물의 건전성 모니터 링에 적용하였으며 파손신호의 특징파악 및 충격위치 검출을 위한 신호처리 방법을 제안하였다. Health monitoring is a major concern not only in the design and manufacturing but also in service stages for composite laminated structures. Excessive loads or low velocity impact can cause matrix cracks and delaminations that nay severely degrade the load carrying capability of the composite laminated structures. To develop the health monitoring techniques providing on-line diagnostics of smart composite structures can be helpful in keeping the composite structures sound during their service. In this study, we discuss the signal processing techniques and some applications for health monitoring of composite structures using piezoceramic sensors and fiber optic sensors.

Characteristics of Piezoceramics Sensors for Vibration Detection

Tan, A.C.C.,Dunbabin, M. The Korean Society of Marine Engineering 2004 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Early detection of an internal malfunction of machinery plays a very important part in all condition monitoring programs. Sensors to detect amplitude. velocity and acceleration are widely used in vibration detection and control. Piezoceramic materials are largely used in sensors and actuators for vibration monitoring and control due to their relatively large output from an induced strain and their arguable self powering characteristics. In this paper a cheap and yet reliable sensors/actuators were developed to detect vibration. The results show that low cost PZT can be designed for optimum detection of bearing vibration. This paper presents the experimental results of a number of piezoceramics characteristics in terms of resonant frequencies and variation of PZT constants with temperature.

압전세라믹을 이용한 지능 복합적층판의 강제진동의 능동제어

강영규,구근회,박현철 한국소음진동공학회 2001 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.6

Active control of forced vibration of the cantilevered laminated composite plates using collocated piezoceramic sensor/actuator is analyzed numerically and verified experimentally for various fiber orientations. Impact on the stiffness and the damping properties is studied by varying stacking sequence of [$\theta$$_{4}$O$_{2}$90$_{2}$]s for the laminated composite plate. For the forced vibration control, the plate is excited by one pair of collocated PZT exciters in resonance and its vibrational response is suppressed by the other collocated PZT sensor/actuator using direct negative velocity feedback. It is shown that the active control of forced vibration is more effective for the smart laminated plate with higher modal damped stiffness(2ζ$\omega$/aup 2/) .

압전 세라믹 감지기/작동기와 점탄성 재료를 이용한 지능형 복합 적층판의 진동 제어

강영규,서경민,이시복 한국소음진동공학회 2001 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.4

Active vibration control of laminated composite plates has been carried out to design structure with maximum possible damping capacity, using piezoceramic sensor/actuators and passive constrained-layer damping treatment. The equations of motion are derived for symmetrical, multi-layer laminated plates. The damping ratio(ζ) and modal damping(2ζ$\omega$) of the first bending and torsional modes are calculated by means of iterative complex eigensolution method for both passive and active vibration control. This paper addresses a design strategy of laminated composite plate under structural vibrations

Development of smart transducer with embedded sensor for automatic process control of ultrasonic wire bonding

Or, Siu Wing,Chan, Helen Lai Wa,Liu, Peter Chou Kee Techno-Press 2005 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.1 No.1

A ring-shaped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramic sensor has been integrated with the Langevin-type piezoceramic driver of an ultrasonic wire-bonding transducer to form a smart transducer for in-situ measurement of three essential bonding parameters: namely, impact force, ultrasonic amplitude and bond time. This sensor has an inner diameter, an outer diameter and a thickness of 12.7 mm, 5.1 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. It has a specifically designed electrode pattern on the two major surfaces perpendicular to its thickness along which polarization is induced. The process-test results have indicated that the sensor not only is sensitive to excessive impact forces exerted on the devices to be bonded but also can track changes in the ultrasonic amplitude proficiently during bonding. Good correlation between the sensor outputs and the bond quality has been established. This smart transducer has good potential to be used in automatic process-control systems for ultrasonic wire bonding.

고온 진동 센서용 BiFeO3-BaTiO3 압전세라믹의 나노 BaTiO3 모분말 도입에 따른 화학적 불균일성 및 압전 특성 연구

박규현,이경자,이민구 한국소음진동공학회 2022 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.32 No.6

1mol% MnO2-doped 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 (BFO-BTO) piezoceramics were synthesized through a conventional solid-state method, using nano-sized BaTiO3 raw powders. In the application of the nano-BaTiO3 raw powders, the phase structure, chemical heterogeneity, microstructure, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties significantly changed, compared to the application of conventional micron-sized BaCO3 and TiO2 raw powders. The sintered BFO-BTO piezoceramics showed a reduced chemical heterogeneity and strong ferroelectric nature, whereas the counterparts using the conventional micron-sized raw powders typically exhibited a core-shell structure with a high degree of chemical heterogeneity, causing a relaxor characteristic. In addition, the piezoceramics sintered using the nano-sized BaTiO3 exhibited greater piezoelectric, ferroelectric and insulating properties, compared to those of ceramics sintered using the conventional micron-sized raw powders. The property enhancements of the BFO-BTO piezoceramics were attributed to the effects of reduced chemical heterogeneity, large grain size, low leakage current and the formation of appropriate morphotropic phase boundary. Finally, the achieved high TC of 519.1°C and excellent thermal aging resistance of d33 up to 480°C indicate great potential for use in high-temperature environments.

A Smart Health Monitoring System with Application to Welded Structures using Piezoceramic and Fiber Optic Transducers

Sage Publications 2006 Journal of intelligent material systems and struct Vol.17 No.1

<P>Large welded structures, including ships and offshore structures, are normally in operation under cyclic fatigue loadings. These structures include many geometric as well as material discontinuities due to weld joints, and the fatigue strength at these hot spots is of critical importance for the structural performance. In the past, various Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have been developed to detect fatigue cracks and to estimate their location and size. However, important limitations of most of the existing NDE methods are that they are off-line; the normal operation of the structure has to be interrupted and the device often has to be disassembled. In this context, a new impedance-based structural health monitoring system employing piezoceramic transducers is developed with a special interest in applying the technique for welded structural members in ship and offshore structures. In particular, the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique that employs the coupling effect of piezoceramic (PZT) materials and structures is investigated. Moreover, a preliminary study of using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) type optical fiber sensors for the stress measurement of a typical weld structure is investigated. The final goal is to extend the fiber optic sensor technique for the global and local stress measurements of ship or offshore structures.</P>