The effect of landing technique on lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during single leg landing

( Jiyoung Jeong ),( Choongsoo S. Shin ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different landing techniques (forefoot and rearfoot) on lower extremity joint kinematics and /kinetics during single leg landing. Method: Five males (age: 25.6±1.5 yrs, height: 174.6±3.4 cm, mass: 70.4±4.3 kg) were recruited. All participants performed single leg landing by stepping off a 30-cm platform in two different landing techniques; forefoot and rearfoot contact landing. Three dimensional hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics were calculated using motion capture system equipped with six infrared cameras sampled at 400Hz. Obtained kinematic and kinetic parameters were compared using a paired two-tailed Student’s t test at a significance level of 0.05. Result: At initial contact, there were significant differences in the ankle plantar(+)/dorsi(-) flexion angle (forefoot: 10.7±2.0°, rearfoot: -21.2±8.5°, p<0.001), the ankle inversion(+)/eversion(-) angle (forefoot: 2.3±1.5°, rearfoot: -0.1±1.1°, p=0.017), and the hip external(+)/internal(-) rotation angle (forefoot: 9.8±3.1°, rearfoot: -1.1±3.7°, p=0.001). The peak knee extension moment (forefoot: 0.222±0.021 Nm/(BW*Ht), rearfoot: 0.260±0.042 Nm/(BW*Ht), p<0.001), the peak knee valgus moment (forefoot: 0.078±0.005 Nm/(BW*Ht), rearfoot: 0.090±0.021 Nm/(BW*Ht), p<0.001), and the peak tibial internal rotation moment (forefoot: 0.012±0.004 Nm/(BW*Ht), rearfoot: 0.009±0.002 Nm/(BW*Ht), p<0.001) were significantly greater during rearfoot landing when compared to forefoot landing. The peak ankle plantarflexion moment was significantly smaller during rearfoot landing (forefoot: 0.239±0.058 Nm/(BW*Ht), rearfoot: 0.139±0.030 Nm/(BW*Ht), p<0.001), but the peak ankle varus moment was greater than forefoot landing (forefoot: 0.025±0.011 Nm/(BW*Ht), rearfoot: 0.041±0.013 Nm/(BW*Ht), p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed significant differences in 3D hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics between forefoot and rearfoot landing. The combination of the knee valgus and internal tibial rotation moment increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Also, many ankle sprains occur during the combined movement of inversion and plantarflexion. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that altering landing technique may bring the lower extremity injury risks.

착지의 높이와 거리가 무릎 부상 메카니즘에 미치는 영향

조준행 ( Joon Haeng Cho ),김로빈 ( Ro Bin Kim ) 한국운동역학회 2011 한국운동역학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Various jumping and landing motions are shown during sports event. But most previous studies have not considered landing height and distance simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of landing height and distance on knee injury mechanism. Fourteen male(age: 28.86±1.99yrs, height: 177.00±4.69cm, weight: 76.50±6.41kg) participated in this study. The subjects attempted drop landing task onto the ground from 30cm to 45cm heights and to 20cm to 40cm distances. The results were as follows. First, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater degree of maximal knee flexion and valgus. Second, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater maximal knee extension moment and varus moment. Third, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed larger maximal knee absorption power. Lastly, higher drop landing height showed increased Peak GRF. Landing height was more related to the cause of injury, which was indicated by increased maximal knee extension moment, peak GRF and maximal knee absorption power. Landing distance was also associated with increased knee valgus moment and absorption power during landing. These results suggest that landing height and distance may be the cause of injury.

The Effect of Gender and Foot Landing Type on Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landing

정지영(Jiyoung Jeong),신충수(Choongsoo S. Shin) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2018 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender and foot landing type (forefoot vs. rearfoot landing) on kinematics, kinetics, and energy absorption of lower extremity joint. Twenty males and twenty females performed single-leg landing with two different foot landing types: forefoot landing and rearfoot landing. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic parameters were measured using motion capture system. Greater knee valgus angle at peak vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.034) during rearfoot landing increased the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in females as increasing valgus positioning from neutral alignment could increase the load on ACL. Greater contribution of ankle joint and less contribution of hip joint in energy dissipation were found in females during both forefoot (p = 0.029 and p = 0.016, respectively) and rearfoot landing (p = 0.003 and p = 0.016, respectively). These results suggest that increasing muscular activity of ankle plantarflexor could reduce shock transmission to the proximal joint in females. In addition, greater hip joint’s contribution to total negative work in males induced lower hip flexion angle found in both forefoot and rearfoot landing by elevated activation of the hip extensor. In conclusion, landing strategy differs between genders in both forefoot and rearfoot landing.

Robust Landing Control of a Quadcopter on a Slanted Surface

Jiwook Choi,Donghun Cheon,Jangmyung Lee 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.6

A robust landing control algorithm is proposed for a quadcopter, as well as for a landing platform to land on an inclined or problematic surface. To use the quadcopter for outdoor application, it is necessary to design a landing platform that can withstand environmental obstacles such as wind and weight load during landing. Conventional retractor landing platforms are not suitable for achieving a stable landing on inclined surfaces or obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, 2-link structured landing legs are applied to stably land on an inclined surface or obstacle with a suitable control algorithm. To achieve stable landing on a slanted surface, a cooperative control algorithm of the quadcopter and the landing platform has been proposed. The proposed robust landing system comprises two controllers, i.e., a high-speed proportional derivative control for the landing platform and a neural network-based proportional–integral–derivative control for controlling the quadcopter in real time. A quadcopter with a robust landing platform has been implemented, and the performance of the robust landing control algorithm has been demonstrated with the system.

드롭랜딩 동작 시 일반적 착지와 안전을 위한 의도적 착지의 운동역학적 비교분석

최정규(Choi, Jung-Kyu) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic to prevent the injuries through the kinetic comparison analysis about of normal landing and intentional safety landing movement. 10 healthy male university students were selected for target subjects. Study subjects executed the landing movement (normal landing) from 40 ㎝ high jump stand without prior explanation. After they were explained about the safety landing, they executed intentional landing movement considering the safety. Study results are as follows. First, intentional safety landing showed longer time than normal landing. Second, intentional safety landing was identified to make flexion angles ranges of ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint bigger than normal landing. Third, intentional safety landing was identified to increase the Angular velocity of ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint at intentional landing than normal landing. Fourth, intentional safety landing was identified to surely reduce the brake power and impact power and to be helpful to prevent injury than normal landing. Fifth, landing strategies at intentional safety landing were to use knee and hip joint more than normal landing and the final finish of landing movement was to use hip joint. Sixth, workload rate of ankle was most identified at normal landing and workload rate of knee was most identified at intentional safety landing. These results showed they land using ankle more at normal landing and using knee more at intentional safety landing.

착지 높이와 무릎관절 근육 피로가 착지 후 방향 전환 동작 시 하지관절의 움직임에 미치는 영향

김유경 ( You Kyung Kim ),염창홍 ( Chang Hong Youm ) 한국운동역학회 2015 한국운동역학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of landing height and knee joint muscle fatigue on the movement of the lower extremity during cutting after landing. Method : Subjects included 29 adults (age: 20.83±1.56 years, height: 172.42±9.51 cm, weight: 65.07±10.18 kg). The subjects were asked to stand on their dominant lower limb on jump stands that were 30 and 40 cm in height and jump from each stand to land with the dominant lower limb on a force plate making a side step cutting move at a 45° angle with the non-dominant lower limb. The fatigue level at 30% of the knee extension peak torque using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results : The results showed that the difference of landing height increased maximum range of motion and angular velocity of hip, knee, and ankle joints in the sagittal plane, and in the angular velocity of motion of the hip joint in the sagittal plane. The maximum range of motion of the knee joint in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane decreased on landing from both heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the sagittal plane, and the maximum range of motion of the hip joint in the transverse plane decreased for both landing heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the frontal plane decreased for the 30 cm landing height after the fatigue exercise. On the other hand, the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane for both landing heights, and the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the frontal plane increased on landing from the 40 cm height after the fatigue exercise. Conclusion : Different landing heights of 30 and 40 cm and 30% fatigue of peak torque of knee extensor found a forefoot and stiff landing strategy, when cutting after landing. These results might be due to decline in the shock absorption capability of the knee joint and the movement capability related to cutting while increasing the contribution of the ankle joint, which may cause increased ankle joint injuries.

드롭랜딩 시 일반적 착지와 착지 후 이동 동작의 운동역학적 비교분석

최정규(Choi, Jung-Kyu) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic to prevent the injuries through the kinetic comparison analysis about of normal landing and intentional safety landing movement. 10 healthy male university students were selected for target subjects. Study subjects executed the landing movement(normal landing) from 40 cm high jump stand without prior explanation. After they were explained about the safety landing, they executed intentional landing movement considering the safety. Study results are as follows. First, intentional safety landing showed longer time than normal landing. Second, intentional safety landing was identified to make flexion angles ranges of ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint bigger than normal landing. Third, intentional safety landing was identified to increase the Angular velocity of ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint at intentional landing than normal landing. Fourth, intentional safety landing was identified to surely reduce the brake power and impact power and to be helpful to prevent injury than normal landing. Fifth, landing strategies at intentional safety landing were to use knee and hip joint more than normal landing and the final finish of landing movement was to use hip joint. Sixth, workload rate of ankle was most identified at normal landing and workload rate of knee was most identified at intentional safety landing. These results showed they land using ankle more at normal landing and using knee more at intentional safety landing.

발등굽힘 관절가동범위 제한이 착지 시 움직임 전략에 미치는 영향

이인제,김동건,김현득제,신현솔,이지원,장유진,피명우 한국운동역학회 2023 한국운동역학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objective: This study aimed 1) to compare the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) score and movement patterns during landing of the lesser dorsiflexion range of motion (LDFROM) group to that with the greater dorsiflexion range of motion group, and 2) to identify the correlation between the weight-bearing dorsiflexion range of motion (WBDF ROM), LESS score, and movement patterns during landing. Method: Fifty health adults participated in this study. WBDF ROM was measured using the weight bearing lunge test while movement patterns during landing was assessed using the LESS. The joint angles of the ankle, knee and hip joints during landing were analyzed using the 2D video analysis. After mean value of WBDF ROM was calculated, participants were divided into two groups (GDFROM and LDFROM) based on the mean value. The Mann-Whiteny U test was used to identify differences in movement strategies during landing between two groups and the Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine relationships between WBDF ROM and movement strategies. Results: The LDFROM group showed the poorer LESS score and stiffer landing kinematics during landing compared to the GDFROM group (p<0.05). In addition, DFROM was significantly related to the LESS score and landing kinematics (p<0.05) except for total hip excursion (p=0.228). Conclusion: Our main findings showed that the LDFROM group had poorer landing quality and stiffer landing movements compared to the GDFROM group. In addition, increase of WBDF ROM significantly improved landing quality and soft-landing movements. To reduce shock during landing such as ground reaction forces, individuals need to better utilize WBDF ROM and lower extremity movements based on our findings. Therefore, intervention programs for safer landings should include exercises that increase WBDF ROM and utilize eccentric contraction.

착지 시 착지높이 증가에 따른 하지분절의 운동학 및 운동역학적 특성과 회귀관계

신제민 한국사회체육학회 2019 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.75

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic characteristics and regression relationship of the lower extremity joints when the landing height increased during landing. Method: In order to analyze landing motion at 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm landing height, 10 healthy male college students were selected as subjects and analyzed by 3-D cinematography procedure. As the landing height increased, the peak value and the impulse of the vertical ground reaction force increased significantly but did not increase strongly and linearly. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the peak angle and the peak angular velocity of the joints increased significantly in knee and hip joints. In particular, the peak angular velocity of the knee and hip joints showed the strongest regression in relation to the increase of the landing height. 2) The peak negative power and the peak negative work of the joints showed a tendency to increase as the landing height increased, but did not show a strong regression relationship. 3) Analysis of the percentage of negative work of the joints showed that the proportion of the ankle and hip joint increased with the increase of the landing height, but the proportion of the knee joint decreased. Conclusion: In summary, the increased angular velocity of the knee & hip joints and the increased role of the negative work in the ankle & hip joints are important characteristics to alleviate the impact force when the landing height increased.

드롭 랜딩 시 착지 방향이 충격흡수 기전에 미치는 영향

조준행(Cho, Joon-Heang),권승민(Kwon, Seung-Min) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyse landing motions applied with diverse directions actually taking place in the field instead of single direction landings in the context of experiments. In doing so, it sought to conduct analysis on the effect of landing directions on shock absorption mechanism at lower extremity joints. In this experiment, 16 male undergraduates majoring at the department of physical education took part (age: 22.6±3.4 yrs, height: 175.0±7.2 cm, weight: 69.3±6.6 kg). The study used eight infrared cameras and one force platform, and using 200Hz and 2000Hz respectively, collected data of images and round reaction forces. This experiment acquired the result as below. 1. As a result of examining the range, hip joint had the largest impact during landing to the right, while knee during landing in front and to the right 2. As a result of examining the ratio of range of motion, hip, knee and ankle had the largest impact during right, front and left landing respectively. 3. As a result of examining the size of work done, hip and ankle joints had the largest impact during right landing, while knee during front and left landing. 4. As a result of examining the proportion of work done, both hip and ankle joints had the largest impact during right landing, while knee had the largest impact in the order of right, front and left landings. This study identified that landing to the right could cause the largest load on lower extremity joints.