Selenium nanostructure: Progress towards green synthesis and functionalization for biomedicine

Ranjitha V. R.,Rai V. Ravishankar 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Background Selenium is a pivotal micronutrient required for the proper functioning of the body. Deficiency of Se leads to various diseases whereas a high dosage of Se possesses toxicity. To reduce the toxic effects of elemental selenium and to maximize its efficacy, synthesis of selenium at the nanoscale level is important. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have received considerable attention in the past few decades. Synthesis of nano selenium with unique properties is necessary for its biomedical applications. Synthesis steps involve physical, chemical and biological methods. The biological or green synthesis method is often more advantageous than other available methods because of the major drawbacks involved in those methods. Area covered SeNPs synthesised through green route, such as microbes and plants, are summarized in this review. Synthesised SeNPs that is functionalized with different biological moieties are discussed and listed. Green synthesis involves the use of eco-friendly plants and microbes as the route for the synthesis. SeNPs are non-toxic and stable due to the natural capping agent that prevents protein aggregation and maintains the stability of the nanoparticles. Expert opinion To achieve targeted drug delivery of the synthesized nanomaterials and to increase the efficacy of the SeNPs with minimal toxicity, functionalization is an essential tool in the field of nanomedicine. Functionalized SeNPs with various biological moieties offer enhanced cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines, good stability and targeted drug delivery without non-specific interaction compared to nanoparticle alone. The present review focuses on detailed report and progress towards the green approach for SeNPs synthesis and engineering selenium nanomaterials with different moieties possibly used for various biomedical applications.

Green Synthesis of Al-based MOF for adsorption chiller

최현진,박남태,정수민,권순찬,박제성 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Aluminum based Metal-Organic-Framework(MOF) called CAU-10-H was synthesized through eco-friendly synthesis. In manufacturing, CAU-10-H is inexpensive and the synthesis procedure is simple. Also, because of its proven stability, it has been studied as an adsorbent for adsorption chiller(ADC) which uses water as a refrigerant. Dimethylfor-mamide( DMF) which used in the typical synthesis is harmful to human and waste is difficult to handle. In an effort to replace DMF, in this study, CAU-10-H was synthesized environmentally by using NaOH. CAU-10-H synthesized with DMF and CAU-10-H synthesized ecofriendly were compared and analyzed through XRD, TGA, SEM, water adsorption and nitrogen adsorption.

Excellency of Calendula arvensis in AgNPs Synthesis for Cotton Fabrics in Terms of Shape Diversity and Antibacterial Wash Fastness

Toufque Ahmed,R. Tugrul Ogulata,Osman Gülnaz 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.11

Green synthesis is a widely known silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesis method. Hundreds of biological extracts have been applied for synthesizing of AgNPs. This study used C. reticulata, C. sativus and C. arvensis as plant extracts for AgNPs synthesis. It depicted the supremacy of C. arvensis in green synthesis. Here, we compared the nanoparticle’s morphology and antibacterial activity of C. arvensis synthesized AgNPs with other previously accomplished works on different plant extracts. The AgNPs were incorporated in cotton fabrics with multiple methods. We used FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDS, XRD, antibacterial activity, and wash fastness for characterization. The SEM image shows C. arvensis plant can synthesize different shapes, whereas C. reticulata synthesizes nearly spherical shapes. It also showed the C. arvensis plant extract exhibited 96% antibacterial activity after 20 washes with double padding methods, which is the best among the available works on antibacterial wash fastness without any binder or cross-linkers. In contrast, Citrus reticulata showed 88% antibacterial activity after five washes.

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles via green route

Niharika Nagar,Shikha Jain,Pranav Kachhawah,Vijay Devra 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.10

The development of competent green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a main focus of researchers. In this study we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) by reduction of silver nitrate, using leaf broth of Azadirakta indica (Neem). The plant leaf broth simultaneously acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent at 30 oC. The effect of different concentration of silver ions, percentage of leaf broth and temperature on morphology of dispersed silver nanoparticles was studied. The formation of silver nanoparticles in dispersion was monitored through the analysis of absorbance spectra by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at different stages during the process of synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles were pure and monodispersed and size was ranging from 9-56 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicates prominent bands of absorbance, which are responsible for reducing of Ag+ ions and stabilization of obtained silver nanoparticles. Results confirmed this protocol as simple, rapid, cost effective, eco-friendly and alternative conventional physical/chemical methods.

Facile tool for green synthesis of graphene sheets and their smart free-standing UV protective film

Attia, Nour F.,Park, Jaewoo,Oh, Hyunchul Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.458 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Green, cost-effective and scalable method was developed for synthesis of graphene sheets from sugar beet leaves. Considerable graphene sheets were synthesized through drying, and carbonization of sugar beet leaves then, exfoliation from the obtained graphite flakes using ultrasonication in presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). High quality less defected and large dimensions graphene sheets of 50% yield were obtained. The mass ratios of PVA and their effect on exfoliation were studied. Free-standing transparent graphene sheets thin film was developed of an average thickness of 136 µm. The transparent free-standing graphene sheets thin film transparent to visible rays and blocked harmful UV rays by ∼70% which is among the highest reported value for UV protective thin film. To the best of our knowledge this the first time of free-standing transparent graphene sheets film prepared from renewable source and used as UV filter. This work will open new avenues for using renewable and cost-effective UV protective materials and filters.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Green and facile method was developed for graphene sheets synthesis. </LI> <LI> High quality graphene sheets from green renewable source were developed. </LI> <LI> Smart free-standing transparent graphene sheets thin film has been developed. </LI> <LI> Free-standing transparent graphene sheets thin film filter UV rays by 70%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Plasma-Assisted Green Synthesis of ZnO Directly on Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric

Anja Verbič,Katja Brenčič,Gregor Primc,Miran Mozetič,Martin Šala,Marija Gorjanc 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.1

This article presents green in situ synthesis of ZnO directly on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using pomegranatepeel extract. The surface of PET was activated by environmentally friendly oxygen plasma, and the process was comparedto alkali treatment where the extract of wood ash was used instead of classical chemicals. Sorption analysis showed that thehydrophilic character of the plasma-treated sample was much better than that of the alkali-treated and untreated samples. Both treatments slightly decreased the breaking strength and elongation of the fabric. Scanning electron microscopy, colourmeasurements, dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and antioxidant activity investigations showed that the ZnO particles were successfullysynthesised on alkali- and plasma-treated PET. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed thatellagic acid and punicalagin were the most abundant compounds in the pomegranate peel extract that enabled the synthesisof ZnO. The UV protection, amount of ZnO, and uniformity were the highest for the ZnO prepared on the PET samples bythe plasma-assisted green synthesis. Additional optical assessment of fabric porosity and thickness measurements confirmedthat these fabrics have excellent UV protection due to the presence of ZnO.

Platycodon saponins from Platycodi Radix ( <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> ) for the Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

Choi, Yoonho,Kang, Sehyeon,Cha, Song-Hyun,Kim, Hyun-Seok,Song, Kwangho,Lee, You Jeong,Kim, Kyeongsoon,Kim, Yeong Shik,Cho, Seonho,Park, Youmie Springer US 2018 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.13 No.1

<P>A green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles is described in the present report using platycodon saponins from Platycodi Radix (<I>Platycodon grandiflorum</I>) as reducing agents. Platycodin D (PD), a major triterpenoidal platycodon saponin, was enriched by an enzymatic transformation of an aqueous extract of Platycodi Radix. This PD-enriched fraction was utilized for processing reduction reactions of gold and silver salts to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PD-AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (PD-AgNPs), respectively. No other chemicals were introduced during the reduction reactions, providing an entirely green, eco-friendly, and sustainable method. UV-visible spectra showed the surface plasmon resonance bands of PD-AuNPs at 536 nm and PD-AgNPs at 427 nm. Spherically shaped nanoparticles were observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with average diameters of 14.94 ± 2.14 nm for PD-AuNPs and 18.40 ± 3.20 nm for PD-AgNPs. Minor triangular and other polygonal shapes were also observed for PD-AuNPs along with spherical ones. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images also demonstrated that both nanoparticles were mostly spherical in shape. Curvature-dependent evolution was employed to enhance the AFM images and precisely measure the sizes of the nanoparticles. The sizes were measured as 19.14 nm for PD-AuNPs and 29.93 nm for PD-AgNPs from the enhanced AFM images. Face-centered cubic structures for both nanoparticles were confirmed by strong diffraction patterns from high-resolution X-ray diffraction analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the contribution of –OH, aromatic C=C, C–O, and C–H functional groups to the synthesis. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of PD-AuNPs was assessed with a reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride. The catalytic activity results suggest the potential application of these gold nanoparticles as catalysts in the future. The green strategy reported in this study using saponins as reducing agents will pave new roads to develop novel nanomaterials with versatile applications.</P>

The effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) flower extract on melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells

Dissanayake, Chanuri-Yashara,Moon, Hae-Hee,Yang, Kyeong-Mi,Lee, Younjae,Han, Chang-Hoon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2018 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.58 No.2

The present study observed the effects of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) flower extract (GTFE) on melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. GTFE exhibited antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GTFE significantly diminished ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) stimulated cellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity throughout the concentration range evaluated. Based on RNA sequencing analysis, differential gene expression patterns observed in ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16-F10 melanoma cells were normalized by the addition of GTFE. In particular, the expression levels of melanoregulin and tyrosinase genes which are key regulating genes in melanin synthesis were up-regulated by 3.5 and 3 fold respectively by ${\alpha}-MSH$, and were normalized to control levels by the addition of GTFE. The results suggest that GTFE inhibits melanin synthesis in ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16-F10 melanoma cells by normalizing expression of genes that are essential for melanin synthesis. Overall, the results suggest that GTFE could be applied in the development of a whitening agent for the treatment of dermal hyperpigmentation.

Techno-economic analysis of green and blue hybrid processes for ammonia production

Park Sungjun,Shin Yonghyeon,Jeong Eunha,한명완 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.11

In a blue ammonia plant, hydrogen required for ammonia synthesis is traditionally produced through steam reforming. This process is cost competitive but has the drawbacks of high CO2 emissions and excessive energy consumption. On the other hand, in a green ammonia plant, hydrogen production through water electrolysis avoids CO2 emissions and utilizes renewable energy sources. However, high stack costs and electricity prices degrades the economic viability of the process. Recognizing the potential benefits of both green and blue ammonia production methods, novel hybrid processes have been proposed to integrate these approaches. A thermoneutral tri-reformer has been introduced as a replacement for the energy-intensive steam reforming process, offering a means to eliminate CO2 emissions. In the green ammonia process, hydrogen generated by a water electrolyzer, along with nitrogen obtained from an air separation unit (ASU), are employed for ammonia synthesis. However, the high-purity oxygen produced as a byproduct from the electrolyzer and ASU has not been utilized thus far. This oxygen can be fed into the tri-reformer to produce blue hydrogen or syngas. To evaluate the technical and economic advantages resulting from the integration of these systems, a techno-economic assessment was conducted on these hybrid processes as well as conventional ones in the literature [3]. The results demonstrate that the proposed processes exhibit superior economic performance compared to conventional approaches, highlighting the potential benefits of system integration.

단당류와 이당류를 환원제로 합성한 은 나노입자의 Resazurin 산화환원반응 메커니즘

박영주 ( Young Joo Park ),장지웅 ( Ji Woong Chang ) 한국공업화학회 2020 공업화학 Vol.31 No.3

나노입자는 많은 화학합성에서 중요한 촉매역할을 한다. 촉매로 이용되는 나노입자를 합성할 때 colloidal synthesis를 많이 활용하고 있다. Colloidal synthesis를 이용해 나노입자를 합성할 경우 환원제, capping agent, shape directing agent 등이 촉매에 surface poisoning을 일으켜 촉매의 특성이 낮아질 수 있으며 합성 및 분리 과정 중 유해폐기물의 발생한 다. Colloidal synthesis에서 사용되는 첨가제들의 양을 줄여 합성할 수 있는 새로운 나노입자를 합성법을 개발하여 은 나노입자를 합성하였다. 결정화 기술을 이용하여 환원제, capping agent의 양을 줄일 수 있고 더욱이 합성된 나노입자 표면의 흡착되는 물질의 양을 줄여 surface poisoning을 낮출 수 있었다. 환원제로는 단당류와 이당류를 이용하여 surface poisoning이 거의 없는 은 나노입자는 resazurin의 산화환원 반응의 촉매로 이용할 수 있어 은 나노입자를 이용한 촉매 반응의 메커니즘을 분석하였다. Nanoparticles play an important role as a catalyst in many chemical syntheses. Colloidal nanoparticles were usually synthesized with reducing, capping, and shape directing agents which induce surface poisoning of catalysts. A new green synthesis for silver nanoparticles was developed by utilizing less additives which could be a hazardous waste. A crystallization technique was employed to reduce the amount of reducing and capping agents during synthesis resulting in less surface poisoning of the nanoparticle. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles using monosaccharides and disaccharides as reducing agents could be used as a catalyst for the redox reaction of resazurin and the mechanism of the reaction using Ag nanoparticles was studied.