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근대 중국어 금지성 부사 `省` 및 `省可(裏)`의 구문화
박원기 ( Park Won-ki ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.77
The prohibitive adverb ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have appeared in Tang & Song dynasties. These are prohibit adverbs of the early modern Chinese, and have disappeared in modern Chinese. They have the meaning of prohibition at the context of worry and request. This is very important feature of ‘sheng` & ‘shengke`. At first, ‘sheng(省)` have been constructionalized from the verb ‘sheng`, but its productivity is relatively low. It was mainly used in the form ‘省 +dissyllabic mental verb`. In contrast, ‘shengke` have been constructionalized through the wordformation, that is [[X] [ke]]. Its productivity is relatively high, and it has succeeded the original function of ‘sheng`. ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have developed in Yuan dynasty, all of them have been used in the Yuan drama(元曲), but they showed different distribution: ‘sheng` have been used as a idiomatic phrase, but ‘shengke` maintained the original function of ‘sheng`. Because ‘shengke; have been constructionalized through the wordformation, so it has succeeded the feature of wordformation, particularly in that Chinese wordformation is part of the disyllabization of Chinese language in the early modern Chinese. In the network of Chinese constructions, ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` are nodes of Adverb-cxn, and ‘shengke` has succeeded the feature of wordformation and adverb ‘sheng`, it is an important feature of the networks of Chinese constructions. The functions of ‘shengke` have come from the succession of the networks of Adverb-cxn.
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隆鶯芷 동아인문학회 2022 동아인문학 Vol.61 No.-
Bhiksu Shengkedeyu (1628~1701), a Zen-Buddhist monk of Linji school in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, was the successor of the Buddhist monk of Poshan.He founded Chongqing Huayan Temple, the "first famous temple in east Sichuan", and has an important influence in the Buddhist circle in southwest China and even in the whole country. After receiving the precepts, Shengke first learned Chan School(禪宗), then went to Baohua Mountain of Nanjing to learn the Vinaya Schoo(l 律宗),and then began to advocate the parallel between Chan School and Vinaya School. Shengke integrated Buddhist theories and Confucianism theories to established his own theory. He is a scholar type eminent monk who integrated Zen master, calligrapher and poet. There are three kinds of Buddhist scripture notes and two kinds of statement records, which focus on his integrated Chan School thoughts. Shengke is an important figure in the Bashu Buddhist circle at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. His works, as an integral part of the Chan School writings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, help to build the history of Bashu Buddhism, especially the history of Chongqing Buddhism, and also help to make up for the lack of Bashu history, especially the Chongqing history. 明末淸初臨濟宗僧聖可德玉(1628~1701),乃破山海明禪師法嗣,開創了“川東第一名剎”重慶華巖寺,在西南乃至全國佛教界具有重要影響。聖可在受戒之後先習禪,又至南京寶華山學律,而後開始主張禪律並行。聖可由儒入禪、著書立說,是一位集禪師、書家和詩人於一身的學者型高僧,有佛經註疏三種與說法實錄兩種,集中反映了他圓融並收的禪學思想。聖可是明末淸初巴蜀佛教界重要人物,其著述作為明淸時期禪宗著述的有機構成部分,有助於構建巴蜀佛教史特別是重慶佛教史,同時也可助於彌補巴蜀歷史特別是重慶歷史之缺失。
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隆鶯芷(융앵지) 한국교통대학교 동아시아연구소 2023 동아문헌연구 Vol.- No.-
성가선사(聖可禪師: 1628~1701)는 속성이 왕(王)씨이고, 어린 나이부터 불경 공부에 뜻을 두었으나, 명나라가 망하자 은거하기 위해 출가한 “도선(逃禪)”유민(遺民)이다. 파산(破山:1597~1666)선사의 법맥을 이었으며, 법명은 덕옥(德玉)인데 인옥(印玉)이라고도 하고, 계이씨(季而氏), 방산(方山), 화암노인(華巖老人) 등을 자호로 썼다. 청나라 초기 중경 불교의 영수적 인물의 하나였다. 그는 승려로 수행하면서 저통에 구애 받지 않고 부지런히 저술작업을 하여 설법집인 《화암성가선사어록(華巖聖可禪師語錄)》5권, 《백송(百頌)》1책 3권 외에 화암사(華巖寺) 계미관(季爾關)에서 3년간 문을 닫아 걸고 선(禪), 율(律), 도가(道家) 등의 여러 경전을 연구하여 《범망경순주(梵網經順朱)》2권, 《도덕경순주(道德經順朱)》2권, 《선림보훈순주(禪林寶訓順朱)》4권 등 주소류의 저작을 남기기도 하였다. 이들 책 제목에 보이는 ‘순주(順朱)’란 ‘順硃’라고도 하는데, 글자연습용 책자를 말한다. 붉은 색으로 글자를 인쇄 해 놓으면 그 위에 검은색으로 덧 써가며 글자를 익히는 것이다. 이것은 경전의 어려운 문구를 쉽게 드러내 보인다는 뜻으로서 일종의 겸손표현이기도 하다. 역대 대다수 선사들의 선학사상은 공안(公案)이나 본인의 구술, 제자들이 기록한 어록, 시와 게송 등의 형식으로 전해지는 것이 일반적이다. 이런 점에서 볼 때 성가선사의 저술은 경전에 대한 3종의 주석서와 어록이 함께 조화를 이루고 있어 일반적으로 흔히 보이지 않는 독자적 가치가 있다고 할 수 있다. 좀 더 세목을 나누어 말하자면, 첫째로 성가선사의 저술은 명말 청초 선종문헌의 유기적 조성 부분을 이루고 있다. 둘째로 성가선사의 저작은 파촉(巴蜀)불교사, 특히 중경불교사를 구축함에 있어 도움을 준다. 아울러 불교를 넘어서서 파촉의 역사, 중경 역사에서 결여된 부분에 대한 보충 자료를 제공한다. Bhiksu Shengkedeyu (1628~1701), a Zen-Buddhist monk of Linji school in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, was the successor of the Buddhist monk of Poshan.He founded Chongqing Huayan Temple, the “first famous temple in east Sichuan”, and has an important influence in the Buddhist circle in southwest China and even in the whole country. After receiving the precepts, Shengke first learned Chan School(禪宗), then went to Baohua Mountain of Nanjing to learn the Vinaya Schoo(l 律宗),and then began to advocate the parallel between Chan School and Vinaya School. Shengke integrated Buddhist theories and Confucianism theories to established his own theory. He is a scholar type eminent monk who integrated Zen master, calligrapher and poet. There are three kinds of Buddhist scripture notes and two kinds of statement records, which focus on his integrated Chan School thoughts. Shengke is an important figure in the Bashu Buddhist circle at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. His works, as an integral part of the Chan School writings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, help to build the history of Bashu Buddhism, especially the history of Chongqing Buddhism, and also help to make up for the lack of Bashu history, especially the Chongqing history.
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