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Precessional switching of antiferromagnets by electric field induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya torque
Kim, T. H.,Grü,nberg, P.,Han, S. H.,Cho, B. K. American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.97 No.18
<P>Antiferromagnetic insulators (AFIs) have attracted much interest from many researchers as promising candidates for use in ultrafast, ultralow-dissipation spintronic devices. As a fast method of reversing magnetization, precessional switching is realized when antiferromagnetic Neel orders l = (s(1) + s(2))/2 surmount the magnetic anisotropy or potential barrier in a given magnetic system, which is described well by the antiferromagnetic plane pendulum (APP) model. Here, we report that, as an alternative switching scenario, the direct coupling of an electric field with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction, which stems from spin-orbit coupling, is exploited for optimal switching. We derive the pendulum equation of motion of antiferromagnets, where DM torque is induced by a pulsed electric field. The temporal DM interaction is found to not only be in the form of magnetic torques (e.g., spin-orbit torque or magnetic field) but also modifies the magnetic potential that limits l's activity; as a result, appropriate controls (e.g., direction, magnitude, and pulse shape) of the induced DM vector realize deterministic reversal in APP. The results present an approach for the control of a magnetic storage device by means of an electric field.</P>
The role of the osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 in corneal edema resorption after injury
Hadrian Karina,Musial Gwen,Schönberg Alfrun,Georgiev Tihomir,Küper Christoph,Bock Felix,Jantsch Jonathan,Cursiefen Claus,Eming Sabine A.,Hos Deniz 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
The osmosensitive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5; or tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein; TonEBP) plays a key role in macrophage-driven regulation of cutaneous salt and water balance. In the immune-privileged and transparent cornea, disturbances in fluid balance and pathological edema result in corneal transparency loss, which is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. The role of NFAT5 in the cornea has not yet been investigated. We analyzed the expression and function of NFAT5 in naive corneas and in an established mouse model of perforating corneal injury (PCI), which causes acute corneal edema and transparency loss. In uninjured corneas, NFAT5 was mainly expressed in corneal fibroblasts. In contrast, after PCI, NFAT5 expression was highly upregulated in recruited corneal macrophages. NFAT5 deficiency did not alter corneal thickness in steady state; however, loss of NFAT5 led to accelerated resorption of corneal edema after PCI. Mechanistically, we found that myeloid cell-derived NFAT5 is crucial for controlling corneal edema, as edema resorption after PCI was significantly enhanced in mice with conditional loss of NFAT5 in the myeloid cell lineage, presumably due to increased pinocytosis of corneal macrophages. Collectively, we uncovered a suppressive role for NFAT5 in corneal edema resorption, thereby identifying a novel therapeutic target to combat edema-induced corneal blindness.
Guidance of Spiral Ganglion Neurons over 3 mm using Protein Patterned Surfaces in Co-culture
Shaden AM Khalifa,Mats Ulfendahl,Per Björk,Tommy Schönberg,Christian Vieider,Eric Scarfone 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2014 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.11 No.3
Despite considerable advances in neural prosthetics there are still few clinical devices capable of effec-tively compensating for the loss of a physiological function. By far the most successful to date are cochlear implants,which can restore the auditory function in patients with severe sensorineural impairment. These implants have elec-trode arrays that directly stimulate the remaining neurons and several strategies are applied to encourage neurons tointeract intimately with the electrodes. Integration of the residual neurons into the circuits can be aided by appropri-ate micro-patterning on the electrodes’ surfaces to guide the regenerating neurons. Here we describe experimentsrevealing key features of the interface between auditory cell cultures and surface patterning. In the presented studylinear regenerative outgrowth of spiral ganglion axons occurred over distances of several hundred micrometers inthe presence of extracellular protein cues placed precisely on surfaces by micro-contact printing. The protein patternguided the outgrowth of spiral ganglion neurons along interconnected networks of non-neuronal cells. High-preci-sion alignment of axons with no branching or deviation was influenced by, but not dependent upon, the presence ofnon-glial cells. The findings show that micro-patterning provides a versatile, robust system that can not only guidethe outgrowth of individual neurons but also regulate the orientation of diverse cell types in culture.