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- 저자 : Zakaria Man (검색결과 5 건)
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Nawshad Muhammad,Zakaria Man,M. Azmi Bustam,M.I. Abdul Mutalib,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1
In this work, nitrile-based ionic liquids (ILs) i.e., 1-propyronitrile-3-butylimidazolium chloride [C2CNBim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-allylimidazolium chloride [C2CNAim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium chloride [C2CN HEim]Cl and 1-propyronitrile-3-benzyllimidazolium chloride [C2CN Bzim]Cl were used as pre-treatment solvent for the extraction of lignin from bamboo biomass. The pre-treatment process was investigated with respect to several factors such as the types of ionic liquid cation used, the effect of pretreatment temperature and time, sample loading and particle size, the effect of recycling the ionic liquid on lignin extraction and the effect of multi-extraction to enhance the recovery of lignin which were collectively found to have an impact on the lignin extraction as a whole. The crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained from the extraction was analyzed using XRD while the extracted lignin was characterized using FTIR, NMR, TGA and elemental analysis. From the XRD analysis, the crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained after treatment with the synthesized nitrile-based ILs was found to remain the same. Among the nitrile-based ILs used, [C2CN Bzim]Cl demonstrate the best performance for the extraction process in a predetermined condition (T = 120 8C,t = 24 h) where 53% of the lignin from the bamboo was successfully extracted. This was confirmed from the FTIR and NMR analysis showing the characteristic peaks indicating the presence of lignin in the spectra of the respective samples tested.
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Ariyanti Sarwono,Zakaria Man,Alamin Idris,Amir Sada Khan,Nawshad Muhammad,Cecilia Devi Wilfred 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-
This paper provides complete loop of ionic liquid (IL) assisted glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), nanofiltration membrane (NF) based separation and recyclability. The optimum HMF yield of 65.6% was obtained with 8 wt.% catalyst loading at 125 °C reaction temperature in 120 min reaction time. Ea for conversion was found to be 120 kJ/mol. NF was adopted first time to separate IL and HMF. The percentage of recovered HMF using NF for 1st, 2nd and 3rd batches are 94.87, 84.35 and 71.65 respectively. The structures of regenerated IL and HMF, obtained from NF and liquid–liquid extraction, were confirmed by NMR.
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Preparation of asymmetric polysulfone/polyimide blended membranes for CO_2 separation
Sikander Rafiq,Zakaria Man,Saikat Maitra,Abdulhalim Maulud,Farooq Ahmad,Nawshad Muhammad 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.10
Asymmetric Flat sheet polysulfone-polyimide (PSF-PI) blended polymeric membranes (with PI content from 5-20%) have been fabricated following phase inversion technique. The membranes have been thoroughly characterized by the measurement of porosity, mechanical properties and also by SEM, FTIR and DSC analyses. With the increase in the PI content, the mechanical properties of the membranes, like Young’s modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break, increased. SEM investigations revealed that the surfaces of fabricated blended membranes possessed adequate homogeneity and their cross-sections showed non-porous top and diminutive porous substructure. From DSC analyses it has been observed that different compositions of the blended membranes exhibited single glass transition temperatures, implying proper compatibility of the polymers. The permeance of CO_2 and CH_4 through the membrane increased with the increase in PI content and it gradually decreased with the increase in the feed pressure in the range of 2-10 bar. Under the present investigation, the membrane with 20% PI content exhibited the maximum selectivity for the separation of CO_2 /CH-4 gas mixes.
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An acidic ionic liquid-conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production process
Yasir Ali Elsheikh,Zakaria Man,Faheem Hassan Akhtar 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.3
A study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via two-step process using ionic liquid as first step catalystdue to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of high FFA presented in crude palmoil (CPO). In the first step, esterification of the FFA presented in the CPO was carried out using butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (BIMHSO4), in which the acid value was reduced from 6.93 to 1.02mg KOH/g and then, KOH-catalyzedtransesterification was applied. The conversion rate of FFA attained 85.3% when 4.8 wt% of BIMHSO4 was appliedto the reaction system containing methanol to CPO ratio of 12 : 1 reacted at 170 oC for 150min. The final yield in 97.3%revealed that the process proposed in this study could lead to an excellent biodiesel meeting the ASTM requirements. Furthermore, this new two-step catalysis process could solve the old conventional catalysis process drawbacks.
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An overview of the role of ionic liquids in biodiesel reactions
Nawshad Muhammad,Yasir A. Elsheikh,Muhammad Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib,Zakaria Man,Ihsnullah khan,Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi,Rahmat Ali Khan,Hidayatullah Khan,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
The concerns on the depleting petroleum resources and increasing environmental problems have driventhe scientific community worldwide to develop large-scale non-petroleum-based alternative fuels, suchas bioethanol and biodiesel. Biodiesel produced through the transesterification of vegetable oils oranimal fats are highly attractive. On the other hand, ionic liquids which possess properties that aremoreenvironmental friendly have found significant applications as solvents and catalysts for reaction andseparation. It is also beginning to find its way in many of the chemical process applications and hasattracted significant attention including biodiesel production. This paper provides a brief overview onthe feasibility of applying ionic liquids in biodiesel production for the purpose of powering diesel enginesfor transportation and utility generation. The potential of applying ionic liquids as catalyst and solventfor enzymatic production of biodiesel from feedstock is particularly highlighted.
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