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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Yvonne C. O’Callaghan (검색결과 3 건)
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Yvonne C. O’Callaghan,Elaine Drummond,Denise M. O’Gorman,Nora M. O’Brien 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.10
A high dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, attributed in part to their antioxidant activity and pro-apoptotic effects. Aquamin is a multi-mineral algal extract that enhances bone mineralization, relieves osteoarthritis, and aids digestion; however, Aquamin has not demonstrated antioxidant activity. In the present study, Aquamin was supplemented with 8% Enzogenol, a pine bark extract with a high phenolic content, and 2% Sunphenon, a green tea extract that also has a high phenolic content to produce a mixed product (A:E:S). The antioxidant activity of A:E:S was compared with that of its constituent compounds and also with catechin and epigallocatechin by measuring total phenol content, ferric-reducing antioxidant potential, and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the compounds were also measured in the U937, human monocytic blood cell line. A:E:S demonstrated an antioxidant activity that was equal to that of the compounds used in its preparation. Aquamin was not cytotoxic in the U937 cell line; however, A:E:S was cytotoxic and the primary mechanism of cell death was apoptosis. The biological effects of Aquamin were enhanced by supplementation with Enzogenol and Sunphenon to include antioxidant effects and the ability to induce apoptosis in U937 cells.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Wild Irish Mushroom Extracts in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells
Yvonne C. O’Callaghan,Nora M. O’Brien,Owen Kenny,Tom Harrington,Nigel Brunton,Thomas J. Smyth 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.2
Mushrooms and mushroom extracts have traditionally been used as therapies for a wide variety of ailments, including allergy, arthritis, and other inflammatory disorders. However, more evidence is required on the mechanism by which mushrooms exert these effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol and hot water extracts prepared from 27 fungal samples collected between October and November 2011 at various forest locations in the southwest of Ireland were investigated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7 cells) model of inflammation. LPS-stimulated cells were incubated in the presence of mushroom extracts at nontoxic concentrations for 24 h and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was quantified by ELISA. Seven ethanolic and one hot water extract that decreased IL-6 production were selected for further study. The extracts were then incubated with LPS-stimulated cells for 24 h and the production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) was measured. Ethanolic extracts prepared from Russula mairei, Lactarius blennius, Craterellus tubaeformis, Russula fellea, and Craterellus cornucopioides demonstrated selective anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of NO and IL-6 but not TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These findings support existing evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of mushroom extracts.
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Nora M. O'Brien,Rosemary Carpenter,Yvonne C. O'Callaghan,Michael N. O'Grady,Joseph P. Kerry 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.2
Phytochemicals and plant extracts, present in fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, and beverages, have been shownto have antioxidant potential that may modulate the etiology of certain chronic diseases. The objective of the present studywas to determine the concentration of compound that inhibited cell growth by 50% (IC50) of a range of phytochemicals andplant extracts and to investigate their antioxidant and genoprotective effects under conditions of oxidative stress in U937 cells.Two phytochemicalsresveratrol and citroflavan-3-oland four plant extractsgrapeseed polyphenols, olive leaf extract,bearberry, and Echinacea purpureawere examined. Viability was assessed by the fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromideassay. The IC50 was calculated. To examine their antioxidant and genoprotective effects, U937 cells were pretreated with thetest compounds at levels below the IC50 and then exposed to oxidants: 0.5 .M etoposide or 100 .M hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)or 400 .M tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH). Cellular reduced glutathione levels were measured as an indicator of oxidativestress. DNA damage was assessed by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay or comet assay. Resveratrol demon-strated the highest IC50 value of 13.7 .g/mL, with Echinaceathe lowest at 9,400 .g/mL. Etoposide-induced oxidative stresswas strongly reduced by olive leaf extract and bearberry. Grapeseed polyphenols and bearberry strongly protected againstH2O2- and tBOOH-induced DNA damage. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that non-nutrient dietary constituentsmay act as significant bioactive compounds and that plant extracts, such as bearberry, grapeseed polyphenols, and olive leafextract, strongly protect against oxidative stress.
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