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        Behavior of piston rings passing over cylinder ports in two-stroke cycle engines

        Kohei Nakashima,Yuki Nakano,Soichi Ishihara,Yoshio Murakami,Masago Yamamoto 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.1

        In two-stroke cycle engines, the piston and piston ring slide over not only the cylinder wall but also the cylinder ports. This study investigates whether piston rings project and get caught in the cylinder ports. We installed strain gauges, on the bottom sides of piston rings,over the intake and exhaust ports, and plotted the variation of strain per cycle, while running the engine. By examining the variation in strain on the bottom of the piston ring, we clarified that our piston ring indeed became momentarily caught in the cylinder ports.

      • COMET 17P/HOLMES: CONTRAST IN ACTIVITY BETWEEN BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2007 OUTBURST

        Ishiguro, Masateru,Kim, Yoonyoung,Kim, Junhan,Usui, Fumihiko,Vaubaillon, Jeremie J.,Ishihara, Daisuke,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Sarugaku, Yuki,Hasegawa, Sunao,Kasuga, Toshihiro,Warjurkar, Dhanraj S.,Ham, Ji- IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.778 No.1

        <P>A Jupiter-family comet, 17P/Holmes, underwent outbursts in 1892 and 2007. In particular, the 2007 outburst is known as the greatest outburst over the past century. However, little is known about the activity before the outburst because it was unpredicted. In addition, the time evolution of the nuclear physical status has not been systematically studied. Here, we study the activity of 17P/Holmes before and after the 2007 outburst through optical and mid-infrared observations. We found that the nucleus was highly depleted in its near-surface icy component before the outburst but that it became activated after the 2007 outburst. Assuming a conventional 1 mu m sized grain model, we derived a surface fractional active area of 0.58% +/- 0.14% before the outburst whereas the area was enlarged by a factor of similar to 50 after the 2007 outburst. We also found that large (>= 1 mm) particles could be dominant in the dust tail observed around aphelion. Based on the size of the particles, the dust production rate was >= 170 kg s(-1) at a heliocentric distance of r(h) = 4.1 AU, suggesting that the nucleus was still active around the aphelion passage. The nucleus color was similar to that of the dust particles and average for a Jupiter-family comet but different from that of most Kuiper Belt objects, implying that color may be inherent to icy bodies in the solar system. On the basis of these results, we concluded that more than 76 m of surface material was blown off by the 2007 outburst.</P>

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        Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Local Recurrence of Pancreaticobiliary Cancer after Surgical Resection

        Kazuyuki Matsumoto,Hironari Kato,Shigeru Horiguchi,Takeshi Tomoda,Akihiro Matsumi,Yuki Ishihara,Yosuke Saragai,Saimon Takada,Shinichiro Muro,Daisuke Uchida,Hiroyuki Okada 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.5

        Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA; EUS-FNA) allows for diagnostic tissue specimens from various regions to be analyzed. However, diagnosing recurrent pancreaticobiliary cancer after surgery is sometimes difficult. We evaluated the efficacy of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of local recurrence of pancreaticobiliary cancer and analyzed the factors associated with falsenegative results. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA due to suspected recurrence of pancreaticobiliary cancer after surgery in an academic center were retrospectively analyzed. The criteria for EUS-FNA were a resected margin or remnant pancreas mass, round swollen lymph node (≥10 mm in diameter), and soft-tissue enhancement around a major artery. Patients with suspected liver metastasis or malignant ascites were excluded. Results: Thirty-nine of the 51 patients had pancreatic cancer; the remaining 12 had biliary cancer. The target sites for EUS-FNA were the soft tissue around a major artery (n=22, 43%), the resected margin or remnant pancreas (n=12, 24%), and the lymph nodes (n=17, 33%). The median size of the suspected recurrent lesions was 15 mm (range, 8 to 40 mm). The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of recurrence was 84% (32/38), 100% (13/13), and 88% (45/51), respectively. FNA of the soft tissue around major arteries (odds ratio, 8.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 166.7; p=0.033) was significantly associated with a falsenegative diagnosis in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: EUS-FNA is useful for diagnosing recurrent cancer, even after pancreaticobiliary surgery. The diagnoses of recurrence at soft-tissue sites should be interpreted with caution.

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