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부모의 방임행동, 아동의 비합리적 신념이 아동의 분노표현방식에 미치는 영향
황연덕 ( Yeon Dug Hwang ),이진숙 ( Jin Suk Lee ) 대한가정학회 2010 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.48 No.10
This study examined the effect of parents` neglect behavior and children`s irrational beliefs on children`s anger expression style. The participants were 379 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. The major findings were as follows. Children tended to perceive higher levels of their parents` cognitive and emotional neglect than physical and home environmental neglect. Boys perceived higher levels of their parents` physical, supervisory and home environmental neglect than girls, and girls showed higher level of excessively self-expecting belief than boys. There were statistically significant correlations between the parents` neglect behavior, their child`s irrational beliefs and anger expression style. A regression analysis showed that parents` physical and cognitive neglect were predictors of children`s anger control. Children`s excessive apprehension and avoidance beliefs were the best predictors of children`s anger-in, while children`s deterministic belief was the best predictor of children`s anger-out. Parents` physical neglect behavior appeared to be powerful predictor.
갈만 추출물의 미백 기능 및 안전성에 대한 임상적 유용성 평가
황연실(Yeon Sil Hwang),김대성(Dae Sung Kim),조다정(Da Jung Jo),김다은(Da Eun Kim),장보윤(Bo Yoon Chang),류자현(Ja Hyun Ryu),김혜수(Hye Soo Kim),조형권(Hyoung Kwon Cho),김성연(Sung Yeon Kim) 대한약학회 2017 약학회지 Vol.61 No.4
Melanin is major factor that determines skin color as well as one of the defense systems that prevent the UV-induced damage. White and clean skin is very important part of the satisfaction of appearance and life quality. The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the anti-melanogenesis activity for whitening product containing aerial part of Puer-aria lobata extract (APPL) can be utilized based on the increase in demands for cosmetics, particularly natural products. A total of 23 subjects who visited Dermapro Skin Research Center were included in this study. Volunteers were irradiated at a test site with UVA+B to induce pigmentation then applied 3% APPL at the test site for 8 weeks. Changes in visual eval-uation on pigmentation, average melanin content were observed, and subjective skin lightness and color improvements were analyzed. In all parameters measured in this clinical study, APPL treated group showed significant improvement com-pared with the control group. After 4 weeks, subjects with 3% APPL treatment started to improve melanin content and visual evaluation on pigmentation and skin lightness. Skin colors have improved from 8 weeks of treatment with 3% APPL. The safety of product containing 3% APPL was also confirmed. Indexes of subjective irritation(itching, prickling, tickling, burning, stinging, stiffness, tightening etc.) and objective irritation(erythema, edema, scale, papule etc.) proved that there was no adverse reaction on skin upon treatment of products. Considering all the results obtained, 3% APPL product can be used as a safe and effective skin-whitening agent.