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        Synthesis and thermodynamic properties of a novel pyridinium-based asymmetrical gemini ionic liquid

        Xuzhao Yang,Jun Wang,Wenyuan Zou,Jinchao Wu 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.12

        A novel asymmetrical gemini ionic liquid (GIL), [1-(1-pyridinium-yl-hexyl)-6-methylpiperidinium] dihexafluorophosphate ([PyC6MPi][PF6]2) combined with pyridine, 1-methylpiperidine by 1,6-dibromohexane with PF6 − as anion, was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and IR. The molar heat capacity of the GIL was measured via differential scanning calorimetry from 298.15 K to 448.15 K under atmospheric pressure. No phase transition or other thermal anomaly was observed in the solid-phase region (298.15 K to 358.15 K) and liquid-phase region (403.15 K to 448.15 K). The basic properties and thermodynamic functions of the GIL, such as melting point, molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion, heat capacity, enthalpy HT-H298.15 K, and entropy ST-S298.15 K, were also determined from the experimental data. Thermal decomposition kinetics of [PyC6MPi][PF6]2 were investigated by using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis in pure nitrogen atmosphere at various heating rates. Thermal decomposition data were, respectively, correlated with Friedman method, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall equation, and ASTM model. The activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (logA) values were obtained by using the above three methods.

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        Density, viscosity, refraction index and excess properties of binary mixtures of 1-(1-methypiperidinium-1-yl) pentane-(1-pyridinium) bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide with acetonitrile at T=(293.15 to 323.15) K

        Jun Wang,Hao Song,Xuzhao Yang,Wenyuan Zou,Yufei Chen,Shaochan Duan 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.8

        The density, viscosity, and refractive index of a pure asymmetrical dicationic ionic liquid, 1-(1-methypiperidinium- 1-yl) pentane-(1-pyridinium) bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, and its binary mixtures with acetonitrile were investigated at temperatures from 293.15 K to 323.15 K over the entire range of composition at ambient pressure. From the experimental data, the excess molar volumes, dynamic viscosity deviations, and refractive index deviations were, respectively,calculated and correlated with Redlich-Kister-type polynomials. The temperature dependence of viscosity for pure ionic liquid was described by modified Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation. The enthalpy and entropy of activation for viscous flow were obtained. The values of molar refraction and polarizability indicated that the dominant interactions between ionic liquids and acetonitrile were dipole-dipole molecular interactions. These thermodynamic properties were discussed in terms of nature of molecular interactions between the ionic liquid and acetonitrile.

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        The effect of washing parameters on the quantity of dye discharge from clothes

        Xu Zhao,Ming Xiong,Li Jiang,Qingbo Yang,Cunling Zhou,Jianli Liu 한국의류학회 2022 Fashion and Textiles Vol.9 No.1

        In this paper, the efect of washing parameters on the quantity of dye discharge from fabric dyed in highly saturated color (FSC) was discussed. Firstly, the FSC was prepared with reactive red 195 to represent the dark clothes. Secondly, the efect of the washing parameters, including washing time, washing temperature, washing water volume, the weight of FSC, and the dosage of detergent, on dye discharge was analyzed through the single factor test. Thirdly, the mathematical relationship between the quantity of dye discharge (DDQ) and the four washing parameters was discussed through the center combination experiment and response surface method. And a quadratic model was built to predict the quantity of dye discharge when the FSC were washed with diferent washing parameters. The experimental results indicated that the quantity of dye discharge was afected by the four selected washing parameters and the optimal washing parameters to reduce the quantity of dye discharge can be deduced from the quadratic model. The optimized parameters efectively reduced 0.99 mg dye discharge per liter, and the DDQ reduction rate was up to 53.5%.

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