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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : William D. Braswell (검색결과 2 건)
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Roy W. Spencer,William D. Braswell 한국기상학회 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.50 No.2
Global average ocean temperature variations to 2,000 mdepth during 1955-2011 are simulated with a 40 layer 1D forcingfeedback-mixing model for three forcing cases. The first case usesstandard anthropogenic and volcanic external radiative forcings. Thesecond adds non-radiative internal forcing (ocean mixing changesinitiated in the top 200 m) proportional to the Multivariate ENSOIndex (MEI) to represent an internal mode of natural variability. Thethird case further adds ENSO-related radiative forcing proportionalto MEI as a possible natural cloud forcing mechanism associated withatmospheric circulation changes. The model adjustable parameters arenet radiative feedback, effective diffusivities, and internal radiative(e.g., cloud) and non-radiative (ocean mixing) forcing coefficients atadjustable time lags. Model output is compared to Levitus oceantemperature changes in 50 m layers during 1955-2011 to 700 m depth,and to lag regression coefficients between satellite radiative fluxvariations and sea surface temperature between 2000 and 2010. A netfeedback parameter of 1.7Wm−2 K−1 with only anthropogenic andvolcanic forcings increases to 2.8Wm−2 K−1 when all ENSO forcings(which are one-third radiative) are included, along with better agreementbetween model and observations. The results suggest ENSO caninfluence multi-decadal temperature trends, and that internal radiativeforcing of the climate system affects the diagnosis of feedbacks. Also,the relatively small differences in model ocean warming associatedwith the three cases suggests that the observed levels of oceanwarming since the 1950s is not a very strong constraint on our estimatesof climate sensitivity.
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UAH Version 6 Global Satellite Temperature Products: Methodology and Results
Roy W. Spencer,John R. Christy,William D. Braswell 한국기상학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.53 No.1
Version 6 of the UAH MSU/AMSU global satellite temperature dataset represents an extensive revision of the procedures employed in previous versions of the UAH datasets. The two most significant results from an end-user perspective are (1) a decrease in the global-average lower tropospheric temperature (LT) trend from +0.14oC decade−1 to +0.11oC decade−1 (Jan. 1979 through Dec. 2015); and (2) the geographic distribution of the LT trends, including higher spatial resolution, owing to a new method for computing LT. We describe the major changes in processing strategy, including a new method for monthly gridpoint averaging which uses all of the footprint data yet eliminates the need for limb correction; a new multi-channel (rather than multi-angle) method for computing the lower tropospheric (LT) temperature product which requires an additional tropopause (TP) channel to be used; and a new empirical method for diurnal drift correction. We show results for LT, the midtroposphere (MT, from MSU2/AMSU5), and lower stratosphere (LS, from MSU4/AMSU9). A 0.03oC decade−1 reduction in the global LT trend from the Version 5.6 product is partly due to lesser sensitivity of the new LT to land surface skin temperature (est. 0.01oC decade−1), with the remainder of the reduction (0.02oC decade−1) due to the new diurnal drift adjustment, the more robust method of LT calculation, and other changes in processing procedures.
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