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Tomasz Szponder,Joanna Wessely-Szponder,Anna Smolira 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.3
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and antimicrobial peptides neutrophil extract (AMP extract) were prepared from rabbit neutrophils as two autologous blood-derived preparations, which could be applied locally to enhance healing process of tissues. Both preparations were analyzed using the MALDI TOF method for accurate qualitative assay. Growth factors (PDGF and VEGF) and microbicidal protein were reported in PRP. In AMP extract a-defensins, namely; NP-1, -2, -3a, -3b, -4, and -5 and cathelicidins represented among other by 15-kDa antibacterial protein (p15s) were detected. In the second part of our study the influence of antimicrobial extract on macrophages in vitro was tested. Then, degranulation of neutrophils in vitro and generation of reactive intermediates by these cells under the influence of AMP extract were assessed. As estimated, the addition of AMP extract into cultures of macrophages decreased superoxide anion generation after 5 days of incubation. Furthermore, AMP extract inhibited degranulation and respiratory burst in neutrophils, therefore in this regard it suppress proinflammatory effect of two studied populations of leukocytes.
Li, Jian H.,Gautam, Dinesh,Han, Sung-Jun,Guettier, Jean-Marc,Cui, Yinghong,Lu, Huiyan,Deng, Chuxia,O'Hare, James,Jou, William,Gavrilova, Oksana,Buettner, Christoph,Wess, Jü,rgen American Diabetes Association 2009 Diabetes Vol.58 No.12
<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>An increase in the rate of hepatic glucose production is the major determinant of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of the signaling pathways and molecules that regulate hepatic glucose metabolism is therefore of great clinical importance. Recent studies suggest that an increase in vagal outflow to the liver leads to decreased hepatic glucose production and reduced blood glucose levels. Since acetylcholine (ACh) is the major neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve and exerts its parasympathetic actions via activation of muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs), we examined the potential metabolic relevance of hepatocyte mAChRs.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>We initially demonstrated that the M<SUB>3</SUB> mAChR is the only mAChR subtype expressed by mouse liver/hepatocytes. To assess the physiological role of this receptor subtype in regulating hepatic glucose fluxes and glucose homeostasis in vivo, we used gene targeting and transgenic techniques to generate mutant mice lacking or overexpressing M<SUB>3</SUB> receptors in hepatocytes only.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Strikingly, detailed in vivo phenotyping studies failed to reveal any significant metabolic differences between the M<SUB>3</SUB> receptor mutant mice and their control littermates, independent of whether the mice were fed regular or a high-fat diet. Moreover, the expression levels of genes for various key transcription factors, signaling molecules, and enzymes regulating hepatic glucose fluxes were not significantly altered in the M<SUB>3</SUB> receptor mutant mice.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>This rather surprising finding suggests that the pronounced metabolic effects mediated by activation of hepatic vagal nerves are mediated by noncholinergic signaling pathways.</P>
Xiong, Dingding,Yajima, Toshitaka,Lim, Byung-Kwan,Stenbit, Antine,Dublin, Andrew,Dalton, Nancy D.,Summers-Torres, Daphne,Molkentin, Jeffery D.,Duplain, Herve,Wessely, Rainer,Chen, Ju,Knowlton, Kirk U. Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2007 CIRCULATION - Vol.115 No.1
<P>Enterovirus infection is a cause of cardiomyopathy. We previously demonstrated that enteroviral protease 2A directly cleaves the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. However, the direct effect of protease 2A in enteroviral cardiomyopathy is less clear because other viral proteins are also expressed with viral infection.</P>