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Khan Najeeb Alam,Akbar Saeed,Qureshi Muhammad Ali,Hameed Tooba,Khan Nadeem Alam 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.2
In this work, we explore the superposition of two well-known chaotic oscillators, namely, the Duffing double-well and the forced van der Pol with the fractional order derivative. The proportional fractional derivative has been taken for numerical simulations and highly chaotic solution to improve some information of security systems has been found. The existence and the uniqueness of a super system are stated in the form of theorems using the Lipschitz condition locally. The qualitative properties of chaotic dynamics are described by mean of Lyapunov exponent (LE), eigenvalues, bifurcation and Poincaré maps. The analog circuit is also intended, with the help of different physical instruments, to validate the superposition of chaotic systems. The randomness level of a superposition chaotic system is tested via standard test suite, and the qualified set of a 32-bit array with high haphazardness is used for encryption as well as decryption. Furthermore, a security analysis is performed using different parameters, such as the uncertainty, similarity etc. The outcomes for the properties, time evolution, phase portrait, and oscilloscopic views are presented in tabulated and graphical forms.
Abdul Naeem,Shah Zaman,Muhammad Farooq,Ihtisham Wali Khan,Zahid Ali Ghazi,Tooba Saeed,Muhammad Hamayun 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.6
This work describes the practicability of utilizing bentonite clay as a cheap and raw support for heterogeneouscatalyst development. In the current research, ammonium persulfate (APS) impregnated bentonite heterogeneouscatalyst was designed for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. The fabricated catalyst was analyzed byvarious instrumental techniques (FTIR, TGA, BET, SEM, XRD, and EDX) to study its various physiochemical properties. It was identified that the clay supported heterogeneous catalyst executed an excellent activity for waste cooking oilconversion as providing maximum biodiesel yield of 93% at optimal reaction conditions (reaction temperature 75 oC,oil/methanol molar ratio, 1 : 10; catalyst amount, 2.5 wt%; stirring rate, 600-rpm in 3.5 hr reaction time). Gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis confirms the successful conversion to biodiesel. Similarly, the variousphysiochemical characteristics of the synthesized biodiesel meet the international standard of American (ASTM6751)and European Union (EU-14214). Moreover, the designed acid catalyst showed catalytic activity for up to eight consecutiveruns demonstrate its good reusability.