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        Demonstration of Practical Blue Waveguide Stark-Eect Modulators of ZnSe/ZnMgSSe Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Wells

        T. Abe,N. Yamane,T. Nishiguchi,H. Kozeni,T. Yoshida,M. Adachi,H. Kasada,K. Ando 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1

        A practical blue waveguide Stark-eect optical modulator using ZnSe/ZnMgSSe asymmetric cou- pled quantum wells (ACQWs) has been demonstrated. The device structure is a p-i-n diode with a 50 periods ZnSe(6 ML)/ZnMgSSe(2 ML)/ZnSe(12 ML) ACQW active region grown on an n-GaAs substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The ridge-shape devices are fabricated by wet- etching with a fairly-short eective modulation waveguide length of 13 m and are located under a top stripe-electrode. The waveguide modulator exhibits a high modulation depth of 95 % (contrast ratio: 13 dB) under reverse bias condition of 68 V at room temperature at an operating wavelength of 458 nm. A practical blue waveguide Stark-eect optical modulator using ZnSe/ZnMgSSe asymmetric cou- pled quantum wells (ACQWs) has been demonstrated. The device structure is a p-i-n diode with a 50 periods ZnSe(6 ML)/ZnMgSSe(2 ML)/ZnSe(12 ML) ACQW active region grown on an n-GaAs substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The ridge-shape devices are fabricated by wet- etching with a fairly-short eective modulation waveguide length of 13 m and are located under a top stripe-electrode. The waveguide modulator exhibits a high modulation depth of 95 % (contrast ratio: 13 dB) under reverse bias condition of 68 V at room temperature at an operating wavelength of 458 nm.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Intracellular haemolytic agents of Heterocapsa circularisquama exhibit toxic effects on H. circularisquama cells themselves and suppress both cell-mediated haemolytic activity and toxicity to rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis)

        Nishiguchi, T.,Cho, K.,Yasutomi, M.,Ueno, M.,Yamaguchi, K.,Basti, L.,Yamasaki, Y.,Takeshita, S.,Kim, D.,Oda, T. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press 2016 Aquatic toxicology Vol.179 No.-

        <P>A harmful dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa circularisquama, is highly toxic to shellfish and the zooplankton rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. A previous study found that H. circularisquama has both light-dependent and -independent haemolytic agents, which might be responsible for its toxicity. Detailed analysis of the haemolytic activity of H. circularisquama suggested that light-independent haemolytic activity was mediated mainly through intact cells, whereas light-dependent haemolytic activity was mediated by intracellular agents which can be discharged from ruptured cells. Because H. circularisquama showed similar toxicity to rotifers regardless of the light conditions, and because ultrasonic ruptured H. circularisquama cells showed no significant toxicity to rotifers, it was suggested that live cell-mediated light-independent haemolytic activity is a major factor responsible for the observed toxicity to rotifers. Interestingly, the ultrasonic-ruptured cells of H. circularisquama suppressed their own lethal effect on the rotifers. Analysis of samples of the cell contents (supernatant) and cell fragments (precipitate) prepared from the ruptured H. circularisquama cells indicated that the cell contents contain inhibitors for the light-independent cell-mediated haemolytic activity, toxins affecting H. circularisquama cells themselves, as well as light-dependent haemolytic agents. Ethanol extract prepared from H. circularisquama, which is supposed to contain a porphyrin derivative that displays photosensitising haemolytic activity, showed potent toxicity to Chattonella marina, Chattonella antiqua, and Karenia mikimotoi, as well as to H. circularisquama at the concentration range at which no significant toxicity to rotifers was observed. Analysis on a column of Sephadex LH-20 revealed that light-dependent haemolytic activity and inhibitory activity on cell-mediated light-independent haemolytic activity existed in two separate fractions (f-2 and f-3), suggesting that both activities might be derived from common compounds. Our results suggest that the photosensitising haemolytic toxin discharged from ruptured H. circularisquama cells has a relatively broad spectrum of phytoplankton toxicity, and that physical collapse of H. circularisquama cells can lead not only to the disappearance of its own toxicity, but also to mitigation of the effects of other HABs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

      • Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Herbicide-Tolerant <i>Zoysia japonica</i>

        Bae, T. W.,Vanjildorj, E.,Song, S. Y.,Nishiguchi, S.,Yang, S. S.,Song, I. J.,Chandrasekhar, T.,Kang, T. W.,Kim, J. I.,Koh, Y. J.,Park, S. Y.,Lee, J.,Lee, Y.-E.,Ryu, K. H.,Riu, K. Z.,Song, P.-S.,Lee, H Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 Journal of environmental quality Vol.37 No.1

        <P>Herbicide-tolerant Zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) has been generated previously through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The genetically modified (GM) Zoysia grass survived Basta spraying and grew to maturity normally while the wild-type (WT) grass stopped growing and died. GM Zoysia grass will permit more efficient weed control for various turf grass plantings such as home lawns, golf courses, and parks. We examined the environmental/biodiversity risks of herbicide-tolerant GM Zoysia before applying to regulatory agencies for approval for commercial release. The GM and WT Zoysia grass' substantial trait equivalence, ability to cross-pollinate, and gene flow in confined and unconfined test fields were selectively analyzed for environmental/biodiversity effects. No difference between GM and WT Zoysia grass in substantial traits was found. To assess the potential for cross-pollination and gene flow, a non-selective herbicide, Basta, was used. Results showed that unintended cross-pollination with and gene flow from GM Zoysia grass were not detected in neighboring weed species examined, but were observed in WT Zoysia grass (on average, 6% at proximity, 1.2% at a distance of 0.5 m and 0.12% at a radius of 3 m, and 0% at distances over 3 m). On the basis of these initial studies, we conclude that the GM Zoysia grass generated in our laboratory and tested in the Nam Jeju County field does not appear to pose a significant risk when cultivated outside of test fields.</P>

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