중국 군사력 평가에 대한 다섯가지 가정의 오류

Swaine, M. 한국전략문제연구소 1997 전략연구 Vol.4 No.2

RAND 산하 아태정책연구소의 M. Swaine 소장은 최근 WP지(5. 18 자)기고문을 통해 중국을 바라보는 세계의 시각이 혼란스러운 경향을 보이는 가운데 중국의 군현대화 추진이 아시아 평화에 중대 위협이라는 내용의 5가지 잘못된 가정이 제기되고 있다고 지적하면서 이런한 견해는 사태를 과장 평가한것이며 미 국익에도 부합되지 않는다고 주장

Fuel Management in Ghana's Tropical Forests: Implications on Implementation Cost, Fuel Loading and Fire Behaviour

Barnes, Victor Rex,Swaine, Mike D.,Pinard, Michelle A.,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.4

Fuel management can play enormous role in fire management in tropical dry forests. However, unlike the temperate forests, knowledge on implications of different fuel management methods in tropical forests is often inadequate. In this study, the implications of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments on implementation cost, fuel loading and post-treatment fire behaviour were tested and compared in degraded forests and teak plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The study found that prescribed burning was less expensive (62.02 US Dollars ha-1) than hand thinning (95.37 US Dollars ha-1). The study also indicated that the two fuel management methods were able to reduce fuel loading in degraded forests and teak plantations. However, prescribed burning was more effective in reducing fuel loading than hand thinning. While the relative change of fuel reduction was 13% higher in prescribed burning than the hand thinning in degraded forest, it was 41% higher in prescribed burning than hand thinning in teak plantations. The fire behaviour of post-treatment experimental fire was also lower in prescribed burning than the hand thinning and control plots. Fuel management, therefore, has a great potential in fire management in degraded forests and teak plantations in Ghana.

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Barnes, Victor R,Swaine, Mike D,Pinard, Michelle A,Kyereh, Boateng Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

Fuel Management and Experimental Wildfire Effects on Forest Structure, Tree Mortality and Soil Chemistry in Tropical Dry Forests in Ghana

Victor R Barnes,Mike D Swaine,Michelle A Pinard,Boateng Kyereh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

[PA-0018] High quality genome assembly of Brassica tournefortii

Mia L. Swain(Mia L. Swain ),Johnathon Lomas(Johnathon Lomas ),John C. Cushman(John C. Cushman ),Won C. Yim(Won C. Yim ) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Corrosion and Erosion Related to the In Situ Processing of Tar Sands

Swain, M. H.,Orr, K. K. 한국부식학회 1980 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.9 No.4

농도가 진한 Bitumen 축출을 Vernal, Utah 에서 채광한 Tar Sands 에서 steam을 이용하는 과정에서, 여러 가지 금속과 몇 개의 요업체의 coupon의 corrosion과 erosion의 현상을 OM, SEM, SAM을 가지고 연구했다. Bitumen-rich product was extracted from tar sands which were mined at Vernal, Utah. Various metals and limited number of ceramic coupons were installed at the steam drive extraction chamber. Under the hostile atmosphere the corrosion and erosion behavior of the coupons were charaterized using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope and a scanning Auger microscope.

Plasma Amino Acid Status of Crossbred Heifers Fed Two Levels of Dietary Protein and its Relationship to Puberty Onset

Swain, R.K.,Kaur, Harjit Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.12

Twelve prepubertal Karan Fries heifers (15 months, $167.7{\pm}13.5kg$) were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was fed as per NRC requirements and group 2 was fed 20% more protein than group 1 heifers. The experimental feeding was continued until the onset of puberty in both the groups. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for amino acids using HPLC. Group 1 and 2 heifers required $178.6{\pm}33.8$ and $152.8{\pm}33.2$ days of experimental feeding to exhibit first estrus resulting in total age at puberty as $639.4{\pm}27.3$ and $618.6{\pm}24.6$ days in the two groups respectively. The concentration of total amino acids averaged 4.40 and 4.89 mmol/l and those of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 2.32 and 2.49 mmol/l in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of plasma essential amino acids i.e. histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were higher (p<0.01) in group 2 than group 1. Plasma concentration of large neutral amino acids (LNAA) was significantly higher in group 2 (1.28 mmol/l) than in group 1 (1.12 mmol/l). Increased levels of leucine, isoleucine and valine are implicated in increased follicular growth and development in prepubertal heifers and resulted in a 26 day earlier attainment of puberty by 26 days in an experimental period of six months in group 2 heifers. Increased concentrations of aspartate and tyrosine in group 2 heifers might be associated with the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus influencing LH release from anterior pituitary in such animals. It is therefore evident that increased availability of certain amino acids in heifers fed high protein diet might have led to early onset of puberty.

Understanding the Oxide Dispersion Behavior of Yttria in Metal Matrix of MA956 Alloy through High-Energy Milling and Hot Press Sintering

Swain, B.,Han, D.,Kim, G.-H.,Kong, M.-S.,Ahn, B. PAS 2017 ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY Vol.62 No.2

<P>MA956 (Fe-Cr-Al) alloy powder was high-energy ball milled with various amount of yttria contents (1,2,3, and 4 wt.%) to fabricate an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy. The milled powders were then consolidated using hot press sintering at 1150 degrees C. The surface morphology and crystal structure of MA956 powder during the high-energy milling depending on the yttria contents was investigated using particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural analysis of sintered alloy was performed using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to evaluate the dispersion behavior of yttrium oxide. The results showed that, as yttria contents increased, the oxide particles became finer and are uniformly distributed during the high-energy milling. However, after the sintering, the oxide particles were coarsened with more than 3 wt.% of yttria addition.</P>

Structural and optical properties of H2 diluted c-Si/a-SiO x core-shell silicon nanowire

Swain, B. S.,Swain, B. P.,Mahmood, K.,Yang, S. M.,Hwang, N. M. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 APPLIED PHYSICS A MATERIALS SCIENCE AND PROCESSING Vol.118 No.1

<P>We observed photoluminescence quenching in crystalline (c) Si/amorphous (a) SiO (x) core-shell silicon nanowires (Si-NWs). We observed that the photoluminescence (PL) intensity strongly depends on the stoichiometry of outer a-SiO (x) matrix, which was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The PL showed a broad-range emission from 1.6 to 2.4 eV with the peak centered at 2.27 eV, which quenched as the oxygen content decreased from 60.5 to 54.6 at.%. Both transverse optic and longitudinal optic signatures of Si-O-Si were shifted to lower wavenumbers, which indicate the modification of chemical networks in core-shell Si-NWs. The minority carrier life time (tau) increased from 3.4 to 7.5 A mu s as the diameter of core Si increased from 22 to 78 nm, indicating the decrease of trap densities and alternation trap states. The reason for PL quenching is mostly attributed to the structural and stoichiometry changes in outer a-SiO (x) of c-Si/a-SiO (x) -NW.</P>

Effects of Nano-silica/Nano-alumina on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polyurethane Composites and Coatings

Swain, Sarojini,Sharma, Ram Avatar,Bhattacharya, Subhendu,Chaudhary, Lokesh The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2013 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.14 No.1

The present approach shows the use of nano-silica/nano-alumina in polyurethane (PU) matrix, which lead to significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of the nano-composite. It is observed that with incorporation of 1% of nano-alumina into the PU matrix, there is an improvement in the tensile strength of around 50%, and for nano-silica the improvement is around 41%, at the same concentration. The morphological data shows that above 3% of the nano particles there are agglomerations in the nanocomposite. Again with the absorption of moisture, there is a decrease in the thermal and mechanical properties of the PU resin, but in this research work it is observed that with the incorporation of the nano particles, in the presence of absorbed moisture there is an improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the composite, over that of the PU matrix.