Apoptosis Induction by Ocimum sanctum Extract in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells

Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani,Hasan Azad,Appu Rathinavelu 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.7

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn), commonly known as ‘‘holy basil,’’ has been used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments in many parts of the world. This study focuses on apoptosis-inducing ability of tulsi extract on prostate cancer cells. For this purpose LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of 70% ethanolic extract of tulsi (EET) and then the cytotoxicity was determined after 24 and 48 h. After treatment with EET externalization of phosphatidyl serine (PS) from the inner membrane to outer leaflet of the plasma membrane was clearly evidenced by the results obtained from both flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and pSIVA-IANBD binding fluorescence microscopy assay. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also evidenced by the presence of 5,5',6,6'-tetrachlolo-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl benzimedazolyl carbocyanine iodide ( JC-1) monomeric form in the EET-treated cells that emitted the green fluorescence when compared with the control cells that emitted the red fluorescence due to aggregation of JC-1. Furthermore, the level of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and Bcl-2 were determined using western blot analysis. When compared to the control cells the level of cleaved PARP was found to be higher with a concomitant decrease in the Bcl-2 level after 24 h of treatment of cells with EET. In addition, treatment with EET significantly elevated the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in LNCaP cells compared with the control. Also, after 48 h of treatment all doses used in this study showed clear fragments of DNA, which is one of the hallmarks of apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that, EET can effectively induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 that can eventually lead to DNA fragmentation and cell death.

Silicon Promotes Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Enhances Salinity Tolerance of <i>Ajuga multiflora</i> Bunge by Altering Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu,Jeong, Byoung Ryong Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2014 No.-

<P>We investigated the effect of Si concentration on shoot regeneration and salinity tolerance of <I>Ajuga multiflora</I>. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot induction. The average number of shoots regenerated per explant decreased on the medium containing NaCl alone, while there was less decrease when the shoot induction medium was supplemented with both NaCl and Si. The shoot induction percentage increased linearly with increasing concentration of Si in the NaCl containing medium. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activity in regenerated shoot buds as compared with the control. The inclusion of Si to the NaCl containing medium significantly increased the SOD activity in leaves and roots, while it decreased POD, APX, and CAT activity in both organs. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that there are no distinct differences in the structure of stomata between the control and Si-treated plants. However, NaCl treatment significantly affected the structure and number of stomata as compared to the control. Wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the high Si deposition in trichomes of plants grown in the Si containing medium but not in plants grown in the medium without Si.</P>

Enhanced CO₂ absorption and desorption in a tertiary amine medium with a carbonic anhydrase mimic

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Youn, Min Hye,Murnandari, Arti,Kang, Ji Min,Park, Ki Tae,Kim, Hak Joo,Jeong, Soon Kwan Elsevier 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.52 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the effects of a series of carbonic anhydrase (CA) model complexes on CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption and desorption in an aqueous tertiary amine medium. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydration efficiency was determined under basic conditions by using stopped-flow kinetics experiments. Catalyst <B>6</B> was found to exhibit the best CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydration efficiency (3.130×10<SUP>3</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) in the tertiary amine medium. In a highly concentrated tertiary amine medium, catalyst <B>2</B> was found to enhance the absorption and regeneration efficiency of CO<SUB>2</SUB> by 10% and 24%, respectively. Our results for simple CA model complexes indicate that possible usage of synthesized complexes in post-combustion process.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Substituted Benzoxazole and Catechol Cocrystals as an Adsorbent for CO₂ Capture: Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Youn, Min Hye,Park, Ki Tae,Kim, Hak Joo,Jeong, Soon Kwan American Chemical Society 2017 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.17 No.9

<P>We report the synthesis of cocrystals of a substituted benzoxazole and catechol from a primary amine and 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone. Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that cocrystals 2 could be synthesized in excellent yield from 1 and 3,5-di-tertbutylbenzoquinone. Introduction of an amine into the cocrystal structure enhanced the CO2 adsorption capacity of the cocrystals at room temperature from 15.69 to 44.21 mg/g. Our results indicated the ability to use cocrystals for CO2 capture and to easily modify them to enhance their CO2 adsorption capacity.</P>

Functionalized bipyridyl rhodium complex capable of electrode attachment for regeneration of NADH

Sivanesan, D.,Yoon, S. Pergamon Press 2013 Polyhedron Vol.57 No.-

A Rh(III) complex having a functionalized bpy-OH ligand that is potentially linkable to electrode surfaces was synthesized and fully characterized. The hydrido complex, which could be generated either electrochemically by cathodic reduction of the [η<SUP>5</SUP>-Cp<SUP>*</SUP>Rh(bpy-OH)Cl]Cl complex at -771mV (versus Ag/AgCl) or chemically with formate, transformed NAD<SUP>+</SUP> efficiently into NADH with a TOF=710 at 60<SUP>o</SUP>C.

Synthesis and magnetic characterization of a cubane-type Mn₄ cluster, housed in a sterically hindered carboxylate ligand pocket

Sivanesan, D.,Son, K.,Lee, H.J.,Park, K.T.,Jang, Z.,Suh, B.J.,Yoon, S. Pergamon Press 2013 Polyhedron Vol.50 No.1

The use of sterically hindered terphenyl-based carboxylate, <SUP>-</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB>CAr<SUP>4F-Ph</SUP>, in manganese (II) chemistry has yielded a new cubane-type Mn<SUB>4</SUB> cluster, in which four Mn(II) sites have slightly distorted octahedral geometries with a distinctive O<SUB>6</SUB> donor atom sets. Based on the total energy calculations for magnetic states of the cluster using the LDA+U method, two kinds of magnetic exchange coupling interactions between Mn(II) sites are chosen to fit the measured magnetic properties, resulting in weak intra-molecular antiferromagnetic interactions (J=-1.91K, J'=-3.07K, and g=2.00).

Water is a key factor to alter the structure and electrochemical properties of carboxylate-bridged dimanganese(<small>II</small>) complexes

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Kannan, Sethuraman,Thangadurai, Thangaian Daniel,Jung, Kwang-Deog,Yoon, Sungho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Dalton Transactions Vol.43 No.30

<P>The synthesis and physical properties of dimanganese(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) compounds with varying numbers of water ligands housed in the four bulky carboxylate motifs, including the first complex with a parallelogram core {Mn<SUB>2</SUB>(μ-OH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>(μ-O<SUB>2</SUB>CR)}<SUP>3+</SUP> unit, are described. The isolation of these complexes revealed how water could alter the structural and electrochemical properties of similar carboxylate-bridged dimanganese(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) cores that may occur in a variety of active sites of Mn-containing metalloenzymes. These studies support the notion that water molecules in coordination spheres of active sites of metalloproteins are not a simple spectator medium but the modulation factor of structures and functions.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The three manganese complexes with the {Mn<SUB>2</SUB>(μ-O<SUB>2</SUB>CR)}<SUP>3+</SUP>, {Mn<SUB>2</SUB>(μ-OH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>(μ-O<SUB>2</SUB>CR)}<SUP>3+</SUP>, and {Mn<SUB>2</SUB>(OH<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>(O<SUB>2</SUB>CR)}<SUP>3+</SUP> motifs are in dynamic equilibrium, displaying significantly different electrochemical properties ranging from 0.52 V to 1.19 V <I>vs.</I> Fc/Fc<SUP>+</SUP>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4dt00520a'> </P>

Micropropagation of Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai—a rare endemic ornamental plant

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu,Song, Ju Yeon,Hwang, Seung Jae,Jeong, Byoung Ryong Springer-Verlag 2011 Plant cell, tissue and organ culture Vol.105 No.1

Effect of Silicon on Growth and Temperature Stress Tolerance of Nephrolepis exaltata 'Corditas'

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu,Son, Moon Sook,Soundararajan, Prabhakaran,Jeong, Byoung Ryong Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.2

Effect of silicon (Si) nutrition on growth and temperature stress tolerance of Nephrolepis exaltata 'Corditas' grown in a soilless substrate was examined. In vitro-grown acclimatized plantlets were transplanted into the pots containing a coir-based substrate. A nutrient solution containing 0, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si was supplied through a drip-irrigation system. After 5 months of cultiv ation, S i-treated and -untreated p lants were grown at 10, 25, or $40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under a 12 h photoperiod with $530{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD and 60% RH. After 7 days, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Silicon nutrition had a negative effect on growth characteristics of N. exaltata 'Corditas'. However, Si-treated plants had more tolerance to temperature stress than the control plants. The Fv/Fm value was not significantly different when the plants were exposed to $25^{\circ}C$. However, significant difference in Fv/Fm was recorded when plants were exposed to 10 or $40^{\circ}C$. Thus, Fv/Fm could be used as an indicator of low and high temperature tolerance in ferns. The present study also suggests that application of Si may be used to enhance temperature tolerance of ferns.

Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via Caspase Activation by Resveratrol and Genistein

Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani,Palanisamy Marimuthu,Vanessa Hormann,James Kumi-Diaka,Appu Rathinavelu 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.2

Selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells is a much desired strategy when tolerance toward side effects is minimal during chemotherapy. In our search for natural products that can induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), we selected resveratrol and genistein for our study. We conducted several experiments to test whether genistein can synergistically enhance the apoptotic potential of resveratrol at doses lower than the usual cytotoxic dose. Both resveratrol and genistein were able to induce apoptosis by enhancing the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 by themselves and also in combination. After 24 h of exposure to resveratrol and genistein, individually or in combination, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in HeLa cells. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells was decreased, forcing JC-1 to stay in the monomeric form. The monomeric JC-1(5,5′,6,6′ -tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl benzimedazolyl carbocyanine iodide) emitted green fluorescence. In the control group, the color of the fluorescence was red due to aggregation of JC-1 in the physiological pH. The treatment groups exhibited DNA fragmentation as the hallmark of apoptotic nuclear features. We also detected an obvious decrease in the level of HDM2 gene expression after both individual and combination treatments with resveratrol and genistein. Our findings suggest that resveratrol and genistein when combined can induce apoptosis at doses lower than usual doses, through the activation of caspases cascade, and by decreasing the expression of HDM2.