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Xiangyun Chen,Zexiao Zhang,Bing Yuan,Fengli Yu,Congxia Xie,Shitao Yu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-
Low-temperature carbonization–sulfonation two-step process or one-step sulfonation process wasemployed to draft sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), the primary biological macromolecule ingredient ofpapermaking black liquor, into lignin-based sulfonated carbon. The two-step lignin-based sulfonated carbonnamed SLC400,1S was found to be an efficient catalyst for clean Benzyl-alcohol (BA) route Friedel-Crafts (F-C) benzylation of benzene ring compounds. FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectra, XPS, SEM with EDXmapping,TGA-DSC, acid-base titration, and n-butylamine–acetonitrile titration characterizations demonstratedthat the specific two-step process could introduce porous properties and a large number of surfacesulfonic, hydroxyl, and carboxyl active groups into the structure of the prepared material, which wasfound to account for the good catalytic performance for benzylation. Similar to that of hierarchical mesoporousZSM-5 under optimal conditions, the apparent activation energy for benzylation of paraxylene(PX) with BA over SLC400,1S was estimated to be 119 kJmol1. The common by-product of BA route benzylation,dibenzyl ether (DBE), was almost inhibited because of the extraordinary activity of SLC400,1S andthe optimized reaction conditions. A 12-run recycling test demonstrated easy recovery and steadyreusability of the above lignin-based sulfonated carbon catalyst.