Immature Development, Longevity and Fecundity of the Larval Parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on Tobacco Cutworm

Hwang, Seok-Jo,Byeon, Young-Woong,Lee, Seol-Mae,Kim, Jeong-Hwan,Choi, Man-Young,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Kim, Nam-Jeong,Park, Hae-Chul,Lee, Young-Bo,Lee, Sang-Beom,Lee, Jong-Wook Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.21 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the temperature-dependent development, longevity and oviposition of an indigenous larval parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis, on tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. M. pulchricornis were reared at nine constant temperatures between 15 and $35^{\circ}C$. The developmental times of each three developmental stage decreased from 38.7 to 16.3 d between 15 and $30^{\circ}C$. However, M. pulchricornis showed longer developmental time at $32.5^{\circ}C$ (9.5, 7.7 and 17.2 days for each three developmental stage) than at $30^{\circ}C$ (8.9, 7.3 and 16.3 days for each three developmental stage). Immature M. pulchricornis could not develop any more at $35^{\circ}C$. The lower developmental threshold estimated by linear regression equation for the egg to cocoon, cocoon to adult emergence and egg to adult emergence were 5.1, 4.6 and $4.5^{\circ}C$. The thermal constant for each of the three stages were 217.2, 176.2 and 403.8 degree-days, respectively. When no food or 50% honey solution as a food source is provided for M. pulchricornis, the parasitoid survived for 8.3 and 55.9 days at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. M. pulchricornis females laid 5.2 eggs daily and total of 131.6 eggs at $25^{\circ}C$ until it died. Peak age-specific fecundity was observed on $14^{th}$ day (9.6 cocoons) after parasitoid emergence and gradually decreased thereafter.

Immature Development, Longevity and Fecundity of the Larval Parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on Tobacco Cutworm

Seok-Jo Hwang,Young-Woong Byeon,Seol-Mae Lee,Jeong-Hwan Kim,Man-Young Choi,Sung-Hyun Kim,Nam-Jeong Kim,Hae-Chul Park,Young-Bo Lee,Sang-beom Lee,Jongwook Lee 한국잠사학회 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.21 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the temperature-dependent development, longevity and oviposition of an indigenous larval parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis, on tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. M. pulchricornis were reared at nine constant temperatures between 15 and 35oC. The developmental times of each three developmental stage decreased from 38.7to 16.3 d between 15 and 30oC. However, M. pulchricornis showed longer developmental time at 32.5oC (9.5, 7.7 and 17.2 days for each three developmental stage) than at 30oC (8.9, 7.3 and 16.3 days for each three developmental stage). Immature M. pulchricornis could not develop any more at 35oC. The lower developmental threshold estimated by linear regression equation for the egg to cocoon, cocoon to adult emergence and egg to adult emergence were 5.1, 4.6and 4.5oC. The thermal constant for each of the three stages were 217.2, 176.2 and 403.8 degree-days, respectively. When no food or 50% honey solution as a food source is provided for M. pulchricornis, the parasitoid survived for 8.3 and 55.9 days at 25oC, respectively. M. pulchricornis females laid 5.2 eggs daily and total of 131.6 eggs at 25oC until it died. Peak age-specific fecundity was observed on 14th day (9.6 cocoons) after parasitoid emergence and gradually decreased thereafter.

롤러식 포트파종기의 관수장치 개발

황석준 ( Seok Joon Hwang ),이주연 ( Ju Yeon Lee ),조현진 ( Hyeon Jin Jo ),남주석 ( Ju Seok Nam ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 롤러식 포트파종기에 적용 가능한 관수장치를 개발하고 관수 시스템 최적화를 위한 요인시험을 수행하였다. 기존의 롤러식 포트파종기는 별도의 관수과정 없이 파종 후 인력으로 관수하기 때문에 균일한 관수가 어렵고 노동력의 소모가 심한 실정이다. 개발된 관수장치의 작동방식은 수조에 저장되어 있던 물이 수중펌프를 통해 관수관까지 이동하여 관수관에 일정한 간격으로 위치한 관수구멍을 통해 포트트레이의 각 셀에 투입되며 관수 후 남은 물은 바이패스관을 통해 다시 수조로 되돌아온다. 이때 바이패스관의 개폐를 조절하는 핸드밸브를 통해 물의 압력을 조절한다. 요인시험은 관수관의 관수구멍에서 나오는 관수량을 확인하기 위해 핸드밸브 개폐 여부와 관수구멍의 직경(Φ1, Φ1.5)의 크기를 변화시키면서 관수량을 30초간 측정하였으며 동일한 조건에서 3반복 시험을 수행하였다. 요인시험 결과, 관수관을 두 개 사용하였을 때 관수구멍 위치 당 평균유량은 조건별로 관수구멍크기 Φ1, 밸브열림에서 3.78 ml/s, 관수구멍크기 Φ1 밸브닫힘에서 6.09 ml/s, 관수구멍크기 Φ1.5 밸브열림에서 5.20 ml/s, 관수구멍크기 Φ1.5 밸브닫힘에서 8.73 ml/s인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 관수작업 후의 상토손실 및 종자위치 변형 여부를 확인한 결과, 각 조건 중 관수량이 두 번째로 많고 종자의 위치 변화와 상토의 손실이 거의 없는 관수구멍크기 Φ1 및 밸브닫힘 조건이 최적의 관수조건인 것으로 판단된다. 향후 최적화 시스템이 적용된 관수장치 사용을 통해 노동력 소요를 줄이고 작업의 편의성 증대 및 적절한 관수를 통한 양파종자의 발아시간 단축을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Morphology and biology of cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L.(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Yong Seok Choi,Hyo Ryu Jo,In Soo Hwang,Gyung-Joo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

The cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a specialized insect that uses its mouthparts(stylets) to feed from the phloem of its host plants, which are found among the Brassicaceae and Asteraceae. Female whiteflies lay their eggs in circular patterns embedded in wax on the underside of the leaves. These were collected from the leaf of triangular lettuce, Crepidiastrum sonchifolium throughout the whole Chungnam province, 2013. We reared the cabbage whitefly on the egg-plant. The elongate-oval eggs are laid upright in a semicircle on the underside of Brassica leaves but didn’t in lab. Initially pale and translucent, the eggs become darker. Nymphs are scale-like and covered with wax; their color is white with two yellow spots on the abdomen. On the dorsal surface of the last abdomial segment is the vasiform orifice charactersitic of the group. The fourth instar is called the “pupa”. The pupa is thicker, immobile, and pale in color with red eyes. The adults are tiny, about 1.5 mm long, and moth-like. The head and thorax are dark. The abdomen is yellow and covered by a conspicuous white waxy layer. The forewings have a faint, dark bar. If disturbed, the adults fly readily. The duration of development of immature stages of Aleyrodes proletella decreased with increase in temperature, the mortality was higher below 16 ℃ and above 28 ℃.

타이타늄-구리 폭발압접 이종 클래드 판재의 TIG 용접 건전성 평가

조평석 ( Pyeong-seok Jo ),윤창석 ( Chang-seok Youn ),황효운 ( Hyo-woon Hwang ),이동근 ( Dong-geun Lee ) 한국열처리공학회 2021 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Cladding material, which can selectively obtain excellent properties of different metals, is a composite material that combines two or more types of dissimilar metals into one plate. The titanium-copper cladding material between titanium which has excellent corrosion resistance and copper which has high thermal and electrical conductivity, are highly valuable composite materials. It can be used as heat exchangers with high conductivity under severe corrosion conditions. In order to apply the clad plate to the heat exchanger, it must be manufactured in the form of a tube and additional welding is required. It is important to select the cladding material manufacturing process and the welding process. The process of manufacturing the cladding material includes extrusion, rolling, and explosive bonding. Among them, the explosive bonding process is suitable for additional welding because no heat-affected zone is formed. In this study TIG welding of the explosive-bonded dissimilar clad plates was successfully performed by butt welding. The microstructures and bonding interface of the welded part were observed, and the effect of the bonding layer at the welding interface and the intermetallic compounds on the mechanical properties and tensile plastic deformation behaviors were analyzed. And also the integrity of TIG-welded dissimilar part was evaluated. (Received February 25, 2021; Revised March 4, 2021; Accepted March 9, 2021)

Molecular Characterization of A Glycine and Proline-rich Antibacterial Protein from Larvae of A Beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis

Hwang, Jae-Sam,Kim, Seong-Ryul,Kang, Heui-Yun,Yun, Eun-Young,Ahn, Mi-Young,Park, Kwan-Ho,Jeon, Jae-Pil,Kim, Mi-Ae,Kim, Nam-Jung,Hwang, Seok-Jo,Kim, Ik-Soo Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.15 No.1

A glycine and proline-rich antibacterial protein was cloned from larvae of a beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis. The DNAs encoded a deduced propeptide of 127 amino acid residues with predicted molecular weight of 14.0 kDa and PI of 7.89. Structural analysis of this protein indicated the presence of a recognition sequence for the cleavage site within the constitutive secretory pathway(Arg-Xaa-Lys/Arg-Arg), suggesting that mature portion(72 amino acid residues) is produced by cleavage of signal peptide and propeptide from 127 amino-acid-long precursor protein. Mature portion sequence of this protein showed 72% similarity to that of Oryctes rhinoceros Rhinocerosin and 91% to that of Holotrichia diomphalia holotricin 2. The mRNA expression was reached the highest level at 4 hrs after E. coli injection and then declined gradually.

Polyozellus multiplex가 생산하는 지질과산화 저해물질

황지숙,송경식,김양섭,석순자,이태호,유익동 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

담자균류로부터 지질과산화 저해물질을 탐색하던 중 강원도 오대산 지역에 자생하는 버섯의 한 종류로 부터, Sparague-Dawley계 rat의 간 mirosome 분획의 지질과산화를 강하게 억제하는 물질이 있음을 발견하였다. 이 버섯의 미생물학적 특성을 관찰한 결과 민주름버섯목, 굴뚝버섯과에 속하는 까치버섯(Polyzellus multiplex)으로 동정하였으며 본 버섯의 자실체 methanol 추출물을 benzene, ethylacetate로 순차적으로 추출하고 각종 chromatography를 이용하여 활성물질을 정제한 결과, ethylacetate층으로 부터 황산화활성을 나타내는 PM1을 benzene층으로 부터 지방산 계열의 PM2와 PM3 화합물을 순수하게 분리 정제하였다. PM1은 정색반응 및 각종 기기분석 결과 thelephoric acid계의 화합물로 동정되었으며 PM2 및 PM3는 각각 linoleic acid와 oleic acid로 동정되었다. 지질과산화 활성물질로 분리정제한 PM1 화합물의 IC_50 값은 1.96 ppm이었으며 LD_50 값은 500 mg/Kg 이상이었다. In the course of screening lipid peroxidation inhibitor from basidiomycetes, a mushroom, which was collected at O-Dae mountain in Kangweon-Do, was found to have active compound. The mushroom was identified as Polyzellus multiplex, which belongs to Aphylloporalles Thelephoraceae, on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fruiting body. The methanol extract of fruiting body was extracted with benzene and ethylacetate, sequentially. By using various kinds of chromatographies, PM1, and PM2 and PM3, were purified from the ethylacetate extract and the benzene extract, respectively. Color reaction and analyses of IR, UV, and NMR spectra indicated that PM1 was a derivative of thelephoric acid, and PM2 and PM3 were linoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively. IC_50 of PM1 for inhibition of lipid peroxidation was 1.96 ppm and LD_50 was 500 mg/kg.

압전필름 작동기의 패턴최적화를 이용한 평면 음향방출기 설계

황준석,김승조 서울대학교 항공우주신기술연구소 2000 항공우주신기술연구소 연구보고 Vol.1 No.1

In this study, a design method for the flat sound radiator is developed to make new sound radiator system, whose shape is much thinner than that of conventional loudspeaker. Piezofilm(PVDF) is used as actuators of flat sound radiator. To prevent the distortion of sound, the frequency response of radiated sound to be flat is taken as the design objective. The electrode pattern and orientation angle of piezofilm actuator are optimized to satisfy the design objective. The formulation is based on the coupled finite element and boundary element method. Genetic algorithm is used in the optimization process, which is useful in the optimization of discrete design variables. It is noted that the frequency response with optimized piezofilm actuator is made flat enough to satisfy the design objective. For the enhancement of sound power, double-layered piezofilm actuators are also considered. The sound power with double-layered actuator becomes larger than that with single-layered actuator as expected.

Investigation of the effect of the structure of large-area carbon nanotube/fuel composites on energy generation from thermopower waves

Hwang, Hayoung,Yeo, Taehan,Um, Jo-Eun,Lee, Kang Yeol,Kim, Hong-Seok,Han, Jae-Hee,Kim, Woo-Jae,Choi, Wonjoon Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1

<P>Thermopower waves are a recently developed energy conversion concept utilizing dynamic temperature and chemical potential gradients to harvest electrical energy while the combustion wave propagates along the hybrid layers of nanomaterials and chemical fuels. The intrinsic properties of the core nanomaterials and chemical fuels in the hybrid composites can broadly affect the energy generation, as well as the combustion process, of thermopower waves. So far, most research has focused on the application of new core nanomaterials to enhance energy generation. In this study, we demonstrate that the alignment of core nanomaterials can significantly influence a number of aspects of the thermopower waves, while the nanomaterials involved are identical carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Diversely structured, large-area CNT/fuel composites of one-dimensional aligned CNT arrays (1D CNT arrays), randomly oriented CNT films (2D CNT films), and randomly aggregated bulk CNT clusters (3D CNT clusters) were fabricated to evaluate the energy generation, as well as the propagation of the thermal wave, from thermopower waves. The more the core nanostructures were aligned, the less inversion of temperature gradients and the less cross-propagation of multiple thermopower waves occurred. These characteristics of the aligned structures prevented the cancellation of charge carrier movements among the core nanomaterials and produced the relative enhancement of the energy generation and the specific power with a single-polarity voltage signal. Understanding this effect of structure on energy generation from thermopower waves can help in the design of optimized hybrid composites of nanomaterials and fuels, especially designs based on the internal alignment of the materials. More generally, we believe that this work provides clues to the process of chemical to thermal to electrical energy conversion inside/outside hybrid nanostructured materials.</P>

Block‐Copolymer‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous WO_3−<i>x</i>/Carbon Nanocomposites as High‐Rate‐Performance Electrodes for Pseudocapacitors

Jo, Changshin,Hwang, Jongkook,Song, Hannah,Dao, Anh Ha,Kim, Yong‐,Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Hong, Seok Won,Yoon, Songhun,Lee, Jinwoo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.30

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An ordered mesoporous tungsten‐oxide/carbon (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one‐pot method using polystyrene‐<I>block</I>‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐<I>b</I>‐PEO) as a structure‐directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO block interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer and WCl<SUB>6</SUB>), and the PS block is converted to pores after heating at 700 °C under a nitrogen flow. The m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s nanocomposite has a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and hexagonally ordered pores. Because of its mesoporous structure and high intrinsic density of tungsten oxide, this material exhibits a high average volumetric capacitance and gravimetric capacitance as a pseudocapacitor electrode. In comparison with reduced mesoporous tungsten oxide (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐h), which is synthesized by a tedious hard template approach and further reduction in a H<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere, m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s shows a high capacitance and enhanced rate performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The good performance of m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s is attributed to the high surface area arising from the mesoporous structure, the large interconnected mesopores, and the low internal resistance from the well‐dispersed reduced tungsten oxide and amorphous carbon composite structure. Here, the amorphous carbon acts as an electrical pathway for effective pseudocapacitor behavior of WO<SUB><I>3‐x</I></SUB>.</P>