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Three-dimensional microstructure of high-performance pulsed-laser deposited Ni–YSZ SOFC anodes
Kennouche, David,Hong, Jongsup,Noh, Ho-Sung,Son, Ji-Won,Barnett, Scott A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.29
<P>The Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode functional layer in solid oxide fuel cells produced by pulsed laser-deposition was studied using three-dimensional tomography. Anode feature sizes of ∼130 nm were quite small relative to typical anodes, but errors arising in imaging and segmentation were shown using a sensitivity analysis to be acceptable. Electrochemical characterization showed that these cells achieved a relatively high maximum power density of 1.4 W cm<SUP>−2</SUP> with low cell resistance at an operating temperature of 600 °C. The tomographic data showed anode three-phase boundary density of ∼56 μm<SUP>−2</SUP>, more than 10 times the value observed in conventional Ni–YSZ anodes. Anode polarization resistance values, predicted by combining the structural data and literature values of three-phase boundary resistance in an electrochemical model, were consistent with measured electrochemical impedance spectra, explaining the excellent intermediate-temperature performance of these cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Three-dimensional tomographic study of Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode functional layer in solid oxide fuel cells produced by pulsed laser-deposition. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp02251c'> </P>
Vy H. Nguyen,Isaac Le,Audrey Ha,Richard Hieu Le,Nicholas Ajit Rouillard,Ashley Fong,Surya Gudapati,Jung Eun Park,Mayumi Maeda,Scott Barnett,Ramsey Cheung,Mindie H. Nguyen 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.4
Background/Aims: Understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to expand, but the relationship between race and ethnicity and NAFLD outside the use of cross-sectional data is lacking. Using longitudinal data, we investigated the role of race and ethnicity in adverse outcomes in NAFLD patients. Methods: Patients with NAFLD confirmed by imaging via manual chart review from any clinics at Stanford University Medical Center (1995–2021) were included. Primary study outcomes were incidence of liver events and mortality (overall and non-liver related). Results: The study included 9,340 NAFLD patients: White (44.1%), Black (2.29%), Hispanic (27.9%), and Asian (25.7%) patients. For liver events, the cumulative 5-year incidence was highest among White (19.1%) patients, lowest among Black (7.9%) patients, and similar among Asian and Hispanic patients (~15%). The 5-year and 10-year cumulative overall mortality was highest for Black patients (9.2% and 15.0%, respectively, vs. 2.5–3.5% and 4.3–7.3% in other groups) as well as for non-liver mortality. On multivariable regression analysis, compared to White patients, only Asian group was associated with lower liver-related outcomes (aHR: 0.83, P=0.027), while Black patients were at more than two times higher risk of both non-liver related (aHR: 2.35, P=0.010) and overall mortality (aHR: 2.13, P=0.022) as well as Hispanic patients (overall mortality: aHR: 1.44, P=0.022). Conclusions: Compared to White patients, Black patients with NAFLD were at the highest risk for overall and non-liverrelated mortality, followed by Hispanic patients with Asian patients at the lowest risk for all adverse outcomes. Culturally sensitive and appropriate programs may be needed for more successful interventions.