Implications of the Ukrainian Crisis on the Korean Peninsula

Sangsoo Lee(Sangsoo Lee) J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This paper intends to examine the background of Putin's invasion of Ukraine and to find out the im-plications of the Ukrainian situation on the Korean Peninsula. President Vladimir Putin has long ruled Russia by turning it into a powerful totalitarian country. At the heart of Putin's neo-Eurasian policy are the construction of the Eurasian Empire, the establishment of centralization, opposition to Western values, and hostility to the United States advocating Russia's religion and traditional values. Influenced by Lugin's philosophy, Putin had a huge vision to build a Eurasian empire to undermine U.S. hegemony by integrating former Soviet countries with Eastern Europe and putting EU countries under the protection of Russia. Method: This paper analyzes the political implications of Ukraine’s crisis on the Korean Peninsula by using Tucker’s political leadership processes. Robert C. Tucker suggests the political leadership process as an authorita-tive diagnosis of the situation, preparing policy alternatives to solve problems, and mobilization of support to achieve it. Russia implemented a gray zone strategy to achieve its goal of restoring the lost territory in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Results: North Korea successfully launched allegedly a Hwaseong-17 intercontinental ballistic missile on March 24, 2022. North Korea can also try to provoke hybrid warfare by benchmarking Russia, and the expected types of provocations are information warfare, cyber warfare, diplomatic warfare, and special warfare by demonstrat-ing nuclear capability. The threat to hybrid warfare by North Korea includes nuclear weapons, special forces, and cyber-attacks by the strong centralized command control. Conclusion: First, the peace process on the Korean Peninsula is expected to be difficult. Under the Ukrainian crisis, China and Russia are working together to keep the global influence of the United States in check. The United States cannot seek China's cooperation in the peace process on the Korean Peninsula. Because the United States is preparing a secondary boycott on China which helps Russia. Secondly, the arms race between the two Koreas will accelerate. North Korea, using Ukraine as a lesson, is stepping up its test-firing of ICBM and tactical nuclear weapons tests to strengthen its self-defense capabilities. In preparation for such heightened tensions in North Korea, South Korea needs to cooperate with the US and maintain close cooperation with its allies. Third, we should prepare for the possibility of North Korea imitating Russia's hybrid war against Ukraine. North Korea is likely to carry out intelligence warfare, cyber warfare, diplomatic warfare, and special warfare using gray zone strategies.

설계협업 모듈 선정을 위한 확장된 Fuzzy-ANP 기법 개발

이상수(Sangsoo LEE),류광열(Kwangyeol RYU),이석우(Seokwoo LEE),최헌종(Honzong CHOI),이영해(Younghae LEE) (사)한국CDE학회 2007 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

Comparative evaluation of nutritional values in different forage sources using in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation in Hanwoo cattle

Hu Seong Lee,Sung Dae Lee,Seul Lee,Sangsoo Sun,Minseok Kim,Hyuck Choi,Yookyung Lee,Youl-Chang Baek 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2020 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.47 No.4

Rescheduling Behavioral Subunits of a Fixed Action Pattern by Genetic Manipulation of Peptidergic Signaling

Do-Hyoung Kim,Mi-Ran Han,Gyunghee Lee,Sangsoo Lee,Young-Joon Kim,Michael E. Adams 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The ecdysis behavioral sequence in insects is a classic fixed action pattern (FAP) initiated by hormonal signaling. Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) release the FAP through direct actions on the CNS. Here we present evidence implicating two groups of central ETH receptor (ETHR) neurons in scheduling the first two steps of the FAP: kinin (aka drosokinin, leucokinin) neurons regulate pre-ecdysis behavior and CAMB neurons (CCAP, AstCC, MIP, and Bursicon) initiate the switch to ecdysis behavior. Ablation of kinin neurons or altering levels of ETH receptor (ETHR) expression in these neurons modifies timing and intensity of pre-ecdysis behavior. Cell ablation or ETHR knockdown in CAMB neurons delays the switch to ecdysis, whereas overexpression of ETHR or expression of pertussis toxin in these neurons accelerates timing of the switch. Calcium dynamics in kinin neurons are temporally aligned with pre-ecdysis behavior, whereas activity of CAMB neurons coincides with the switch from pre-ecdysis to ecdysis. Activation of CCAP or CAMB neurons through temperature-sensitive TRPM8 gating is both necessary and sufficient to trigger ecdysis behavior. Our findings demonstrate that kinin and CAMB neurons are direct targets of ETH and play critical roles in scheduling successive behavioral steps in the ecdysis FAP. Furthermore, temporal organization of the FAP is likely a function of ETH receptor density in target neurons.

Lymphomatoid papulosis after allogenic stem cell transplantation

( Sangsoo Choi ),( Sewon Hwang ),( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Young Min Park ),( Jun Young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders(PTLD) are relatively common lymphoid proliferation or lymphomas that develop in a recipient of a solid organ or bone marrow allograft. Patients undergoing allogenic SCT have a PTLD incidence of about 1%. Moreover most examples are of B cell origin, and CD30+ T cell PTLDs are very rare. A 29-year-old man presented with pruritic, multiple, erythematous crusted papules on the scalp, face, trunk and both extremities which had begun about 1 week previously. He had received an allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) 2 weeks before his visit for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The histopathological examination showed a wedge-shaped perivascular lymphoid infiltrate with cytologic atypia. In the immunohistochemical study, the atypical lymphocytes expressed CD30 and CD3 antigen, but not CD20, CD68, and terminal deoxy nucleotide transferase. The histopathological and clinical findings established the diagnosis of lymphomatoid papuosis(LyP). The cutaneous lesion showed progressive improvement. For newly developed multiple erythematous papules in a transplant patient, we should consider PTLD, including lymphomatoid papulosis.

Intron retention decreases METTL3 expression by inhibiting mRNA export to the cytoplasm

Sangsoo Lee,정해수,최선경,Namjoon Cho,Eun-Mi Kim,김기광 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.9

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a key component of the m6Amethyltransferase complex, regulates the splicing, nuclear transport,stability, and translation of its target genes. However, themechanism underlying the regulation of METTL3 expressionby alternative splicing (AS) remains unknown. We analyzedthe expression pattern of METTL3 after AS in human tissues andconfirmed the expression of an isoform retaining introns 8 and9 (METTL3-IR). We confirmed the different intracellular localizationsof METTL3-IR and METTL3 proteins using immunofluorescencemicroscopy. Furthermore, the endogenous expressionof METTL3-IR at the protein level was different from that at themRNA level. We found that 3’-UTR generation by intron retention(IR) inhibited the export of METTL3-IR mRNA to thecytoplasm, which in turn suppressed protein expression. Tothe best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm theregulation of METTL3 gene expression by AS, providing evidencethat the suppression of METTL3 protein expression byIR is an integral part of the mechanism by which 3’-UTR generationregulates protein expression via inhibition of RNA exportto the cytoplasm.

A Model for Inelastic Cyclic Behavior of Bracing Members

Lee, Sangsoo 광주대학교 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術硏究 Vol.5 No.-

본 논문에서는 임의의 반복하중에 종속되어 반복하여 후좌굴을 일으키는 브래이싱부재의 거동을 위한 기존의 해석적 모델을 개량하여 실제의 거동과 더욱 유사한 모델을 제안하고 실험의 결과와 비교함으로써 모델의 정확성을 입증하였다. This paper proposes a refined analytical model for the behavior of bracing members subjected to an arbitrary cyclic loading. The results of the proposed model are compared with the results of experiments. Consequently, this model simulates with actual behaviors of bracing members well.

The Strategies of ROK’s DEFENSE REFORM with Special Reference to the Peace Process and Arms Control

Sangsoo Lee J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze the constraints of defense reform of previous governments and to suggest alternatives in connection with future arms control and the peace process on the Korean Peninsula. This article aims to evaluate the history of previous governments defense reforms and traditional arms building efforts, and seek alternatives to overcome constraints in connection with the peace by analyzing EU’s successful cases of arms control. The key is how to build military power that conflicts with disarmament and a peace regime through the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, which is supported by the power, and the vision of arms control. Method: For better analysis, this article reviews the previous governments’ defense reform plan and pinpoints the limiting factors and suggests the policy options to overcome by taking a Mahoney’s path dependence theory of four actors as utilitarian, functional, power and legitimacy. In Chapter 2 analyzes ways to enhance arms control in connection with a peace regime. In Chapter 3 describes Defense Reform 2.0 key areas and future challenges. In Chapter 4 explores ways to enhance linkage among Defense reform 2.0 and Arms control, and the peace regime. In Chapter 5 suggests policy options to overcome the restricting factors in Arms reform effort of the previous governments. Results: If we pinpoint the limits of past defense reform effort are as follow. First, as an efficacy aspect, past defense reform lacks efficiency in defense reform process due to the corruption. Second, as functional aspect, past defense reform fails to provide an institutional mechanism for strengthening military space power in order to respond North Korea’s threat. Third, as power aspect, the will to reform the military command has interrupted by the changing of the political leadership. Fourth, as legitimacy aspect, national defense reform has failed to win support from the private and military circle. Conclusion: This article concluded that: First, as utilitarian aspect it should contribute to the national economy by minimizing inefficiency and maximizing efficiency through defense reform. Second, as functional aspect de-fense reform should provide an institutional mechanism for strengthening military space power at the Joint Chiefs of Staff to respond to threats from North Korea and changes in the changing operational environment. Third, as power aspect, the political will to reform the military command should be continued by the president and defense ministers. Much of Defense Reform 2.0 seeks reform in political terms, and efforts should be made to create crisis-taking shared values for national security, breaking away from the risk avoidance culture. Fourth, as legitimacy aspect, national defense reform should be carried out by due process and win support from the private and mili-tary.

Paradox of COVID-19 Pandemic, Strengthening Neo-Liberalist s Way of GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Building to Overcome Vaccine Nationalism s Politics

Sangsoo Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Regulations Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This paper intends to find alternatives to strengthen global governance in vaccine distribution amid the rise of vaccine nationalism in the international community. To this end, Chapter 2 briefly outlines the risks of vaccine nationalism and the concept of global governance. Chapter 3 examines the status of vaccine develop-ment in major countries and Chapter 4 suggests ways to establish global vaccine governance. Chapter 5 summa-rizes the previous discussions and suggests a policy alternative for securing vaccines for the ROK. Method: The spread of COVID-19 has led to the fall of neoliberalism, but to end the COVID-19 pandemic, only infectious disease control through strengthening transformative neo-liberal way of strengthening international governance can overcome the vaccine nationalism. Global Governance refers to the performance of various in-terested parties through horizontal cooperation to achieve a common purpose, especially the public purpose. Results: The policy alternatives to overcome vaccination nationalism and end the global COVID-19 pandemic are as follows. First, it is possible to effectively respond to various infectious diseases in the future by strength-ening the disease management function of the UN and rearranging of WHO for the fair distribution of vaccines. Second, AI technology-based platforms can be used to optimize the use of early warning and mobilize necessary resources for preventive measures. Third, patent rights for vaccine manufacturing technologies should be re-voked and vaccines should be produced and administered simultaneously regardless of country or patent to pre-vent the spread. Fourth, measures to limit national sovereignty at the global governance level should be clearly defined. Fifth, cooperation with WHO and transnational pharmaceutical companies, and NGO, IGO(Intergovern-mental Organization) are key to combating vaccination nationalism s politics. Conclusion: The implications of major countries vaccine development and vaccine diplomacy for the ROK are as follows. First, the ROK also needs to continue to develop vaccines and treatments, foster human resources in related fields, and establish active international cooperation. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the interna-tional system to develop vaccines and treatments. Third, it is necessary to actively secure vaccines through the production of a licensing method that introduces technology, not just consignment production in Korea, or equity investment in overseas vaccine companies, which requires the government s full support for the industry.

A Molecular Basis for the Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 by Gomisin A

Lee, Sung Bae,Noh, Shinhwa,Yeom, Hye Duck,Jo, Heejin,Eom, Sanung,Kim, Yoon Suh,Nam, Sangsoo,Bae, Hyunsu,Lee, Jun-Ho Oxford University Press 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-

<P> Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel has critical actions as conditional sensors in primary afferent neurons.We studied the regulatory action of gomisin A on TRPV1 channel current in this report. Schisandra chinensis contains bioactive compounds such as the gomisin derivatives and their related compounds. Coapplication with gomisin A inhibited the capsaicin-mediated inward peak current. This inhibitory effect of gomisin A on capsaicin-induced inward current showed concentration-dependence and was reversible. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of gomisin A was 62.7 ± 8.4 μM. In addition, this inhibition occurred in a noncompetition regulation mode and voltage insensitivemanner. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of gomisin A on TRPV1 showed that it interacted predominantly with residues at cavities in the segments 1 and 2 of each subunit. Four potential binding sites for this ligand in the extracellular region at sensor domain of TRPV1 channel were identified. Point mutagenesis studies were undertaken, and gomisin A potency decreased for both the Y453A and N467A mutants.The double mutation of Y453 and N467 significantly attenuated inhibitory effects by gomisin A. In summary, this study revealed the molecular basis for the interaction between TRPV1 and gomisin A and provides a novel potent interaction ligand. </P>