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Effect of Peritectic Banded Structure on Magnetic Properties of SmCo<SUB>5</SUB> Sintered Magnets
Saleem Akhtar,A. Nusair Khan,Mushtaq Khan,Syed Husain Imran Jaffery,Arslan Saleem 한국자기학회 2020 Journal of Magnetics Vol.25 No.4
SmCo5 is well known for its high coercivity. However, still room is available to increase the coercive power of SmCo5, since the theoretical values of the compound is far higher than the achieved values. Different attempts, in this regard, have been made either by controlling the microstructure or the chemical composition. However, it is noted that no or very few literature is available regarding the control of microstructure through solidification. Three types of SmCo5 compound were prepared through induction melting technique so that final solidification be manipulated by controlling the mold temperature. Fractrographic analysis revealed a unique peritectic structure in SmCo5 compound. It was observed that the peritectic plates, having nano-size thickness, remain present even after high temperature sintering operation. The nano-scale peritectic plates may affect the final magnetic properties, especially the coercivity of the subject compound.
Saleem M.,Naz M.Y.,Shukrullah S.,Shujah M. A.,Akhtar M.,Ullah Sami,Ali S. 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.1
The carbon-based nanostructures are in limelight due to their widespread applications in nano-to-micro-scale technologies. The carbon dots are known for their unique physical, electrical, optical, chemical and biological properties. The carbon dots (CDs) are being produced through several well-developed synthesis methods, one of which is the green sonochemical. This method is preferred over others because it is a green source of energy, facile, fast, low-temperature process, non-toxic and less expensive. Despite the fact of using 90% less energy than other methods, this method has been overlooked in the published literature. It is possible to prepare pure and doped CDs of low toxicity and controlled physicochemical properties through sonochemical method. In recent years, sonochemically produced CDs have been tuned and characterized for a variety of applications. This review has explored the merits and demerits of sonochemical method in comparison to the other methods for the synthesis of pure CDs and their nanocomposites. The role of multiple factors in tailoring the specific parameters of CDs for their application in antibacterial, polymerization, tissue engineering, catalysis, bio-imagining, supercapacitors, drug delivery and electric devices is also elaborated in this review. This review also concludes on future directions in the applications of sonochemically produced CDs.
Lipid and Protein Constituents of Crotalaria juncea L.
Muhammad Akhtar Javed,Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Yamin,Tanvir Ahmad Chaudri 한국생약학회 1999 Natural Product Sciences Vol.5 No.3
Seed lipids and proteins of Crotalaria juncea L were analyzed for fatty acids and amino acids respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil gave palmitic acid (16.01%), stearic acid (7.29%), oleic acid (14.41%), linoleic acid (54.44%) and linolenic acid (7.86%). The defatted seed cake contained all the essential amino acids except methionine and six non-essential amino acids.
Muhammad Naveed AKHTAR,Sana SALEEM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
To tranquilize the devastating impact of unnecessary risk-taking behavior of banks towards the economy for maximizing their profits that usually arises due to widely known ‘moral-hazard’ problem originating from market competition and intensified by bank’s limited liability, the banking system is strongly monitored across all countries of the world. The goal of controlling would become more feasible if there exist some self-discipline and motivations which could safeguard the banks’ charter value through the mechanism of market discipline. Therefore, our study is aimed to scrutinize the relation between market discipline and charter value of local commercial banks that are registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange by analyzing a balanced panel data from the year 2007 to 2019. Deposit growth, interbank deposits, and subordinate debt are taken as proxies to measure market discipline whereas Tobin’s Q theory is applied for calculating the charter value. Generalized Least Square Regression with Fixed Effect Model is used for evaluation. The outcomes reveal that in the existence of control variables, all proxies of market discipline have a significant positive impact on bank charter value. Our research has important policy implications for monitoring and supervising financial intermediaries for their stability and soundness by offsetting the complications of moral-hazard in the financial systems.
Khokher, Samina,Qureshi, Muhammad Usman,Riaz, Masooma,Akhtar, Naseem,Saleem, Afaf Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer of women worldwide, with considerable geographic and racial/ethnic variation. Data are generally derived from population based cancer registries in the developed countries but hospital data are the most reliable source in the developing countries. Ten years data from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st Dec 2009 of a cancer hospital in Pakistan were here analyzed by descriptive statistics to evaluate the clinicopathologic profile of local breast cancer patients. Among 28,740 cancer patients, 6,718 were registered as breast cancer. The female to male ratio was 100:2. Breast cancer accounted for 23% of all and 41% of female cancers. Some 46% were residents of Lahore, with a mean age of $47{\pm}12$ years. Less than 1% were at Stage 0 and 10%, 32%, 35% and 23% were at Stage I, II, III and IV respectively. Histopathology was unknown in 4% while 91%, 2% and 1% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and mucinous carcinoma respectively. Rare carcinomas accounted for the rest. Tumor grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11%, 55% and 34% among the known. Profile of breast cancer patients in Pakistan follows a pattern similar to that of other developing countries with earlier peak age and advanced disease stage at presentation. The male breast cancer accounts for higher proportion in the local population. Local women have higher frequency of IDC and lower frequency of ILC and DCIS, owing probably to a different risk profile. Use of hospital information systems and establishment of population based cancer registry is required to have accurate and detailed local data. Promotion of breast health awareness and better health care system is required to decrease the burden of advanced disease.
Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf,Zhang Chengfei,Akhtar Muhammad Furqan,Saleem Ammara,Nisar Naveed 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2
Purpose Dactinomycin (DCTM) is a highly cytotoxic hydrophobic drug requiring robust nanomaterials for uniformed water dispersion and safe delivery to tumor site avoiding exposure to healthy cells. Methods DNA triangulation produces sturdier two-dimensional nanostructures through the polymerization of DNA-triangles by sticky ends cohesion in the form of DNA-nanosheets. The curvature of the B-form (right twisted) DNA causes the coiling of the DNA-nanosheets into DNA-nanowires (D-NWs) structures. DNA-triangles scaffolded by the short circular templates (84-NT) are stiffer in topology giving rise to compact D-NWs for DCTM loading, and cellular delivery. The PAGE gel analysis was performed to assess the polymerization of the DNA-triangles to observe restricted electrophoretic mobility, and attainment of a single sharp band. The morphology and compactness of the D-NWs were confirmed by the AFM analysis and confocal imaging. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) functionalization of the D-NWs was performed through amide chemistry using amino-modified DNA strands reacting with the carboxylic group of EGF for EGFR targeting. EGFR is highly expressed on NB-OK-1 Wilms’ tumor nephroblastoma cancer cells. DCTM loading onto D-NWs was carried out through intercalation between the base pairs of GC rich DNA duplex by physical mixing/incubation, and was confirmed through the UV peak shift analysis and confocal imaging. Cell internalizations and the cytotoxic effects were monitored via confocal imaging, MTT assay, and flow cytometry. Results AFM images of the synthesized D-NWs showed that polymerization of DNA-triangles was successful with the length ranging from 4 to 6 μm, and width ranging from 80 to 120 nm. EGF functionalization was confirmed through the confocal microscopy after labeling EGF with the FITC hook conjugating dye. The slight UV shift (> 15 nm) confirmed DCTM loading onto D-NWs. Blank D-NWs showed biocompatibility to the cells at different (low to high) concentrations (10 μM to 640 μM). MTT assay revealed that DCTM loaded D-NWs showed a dose-dependent (0.25–128 nM) decrease in cell viability. Conclusion EGF functionalized D-NWs effectively targeted the EGFR rich NB-OK-1 cancer cells compared to the control HEK293/D75 cells lacking EGFR (receptors). By these results, we can expect similar site-specific targeted treatment if administered systemically.
Studies on the Lipid Classes of Nicotiana tabacum L. Seed Oil
Amran Waheed,Shahid Mahmud,Muhammad Akhtar Javed,Muhammad Saleem 한국생약학회 2001 Natural Product Sciences Vol.7 No.4
The lipid classes constituents; hydrocarbons, wax esters, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, 1,3-diacylglycerols, 1,2-diacylglycerols, free sterols, 2-monoacylglycerols, 1-monoacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols of Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds oil were investigated by thin layer and gas chromatography. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all lipid classes studied.