나이지리아 작물재배 토양으로부터 미생물의 분리

김상우 ( S. W. Kim ),딜라지야댜브 ( M. Adhikari ),마헤시아드히카리 ( D. R. Yadav ),이윤수 ( Y. S. Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2014 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.26 No.3

나이지리아는 70%의 국민이 농업에 종사하고 있는 농업 국가이다. 나지지리아의 주요 재배 작물은 사탕수수, 기장, 땅콩, 면화, 감자, 야자수, 쌀, 고무, 코코아 등을 주요 작물로 재배하고 있다. 총 경작지의 1%만이 관개작업이 되어있고 나머지 경작지에 대해서는 그리하지 못하다. 유리한 조건을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 농업 기술의 부족 및 지원이 원활하게 이우루어지지 않아 식량부족현상이 일어나고 있다. 연간 비료 요구량은 높으나 그리하지 못한 상황이다. 그리하여 지속가능하고 비료 요구를 충족하기 위해서는 토양에서 분리한 미생물을 이용한 생물적 제어 및 생물 농약이 요구되는 실정이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 나이지리아 23곳의 경작지 토양을 수집하여 토양에 자생하고 있는 근권의 유용미생물을 탐색 발굴 하고자 실행하였다. 연구 결과 곰팡이는 31종을 분리하였으며, 세균의 경우 26종의 미생물을 분리하였다. 대부분 분리된 미생물은 우리나라와 토양에서 분리되는 일반 종 들이 분리 되었으며, 그중에서 곰팡이에서는 식물병원성 곰팡이로 알려져 있는 Fusarium spp.가 분리되었으며, 대부분은 일반 종으로 확인 되었다. 곰팡이에서 잠재력을 가지고 이용할 수 있는 Trichoderma spp. 7종을 분리하였으며, 분리된 균주를 이용하여 주요 작물에서 발생하는 식물병원성 미생물에 대한 생물적 방제 효과에 대하여 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각되어진다. 세균의 경우 생물학적 방제 효과가 있다고 알려진 B. subtilis, S.maltophilia가 분리되었으며, 생육촉진에 효과가 있다고 알려진 Methylobacterium sp.도 함께 분리 되었다. 세균 역시 나이지리아세 문제가 되고 있는 비료 수급 문제 도움이 될 것으로 생각되어지며, 위 균주에 대하여 길항 및 생육촉진 효과 실험이 진행될 예정이다. Nigeria is the agrarian country in which the majority of people are engaged in agriculture. The main crops of Nigeria are sorghum, millet, soybean, peanut, cotton, yam, palm trees, rice, rubber, cocoa etc. The economy of Nigeria is depending upon the agricultural sector. Only 1% of the total arable land is under irrigation in Nigeria. Instead of having favorable geographical conditions, export of agricultural product is reducing due to the lack of suitable agricultural technology. 70% of the total populations in Nigeria are engaged in agriculture. In addition annual fertilizer requirement is high to overcome the fertilizer requirement to farmers. As Nigeria has diversified climatic zones, different types of crop can be found in different agro-climatic zones. In 2008 Nigeria was the world’s number one yam exporting country. In 2008 Nigeria exported 492 million cocoa beans to the world. For the sustainable agriculture development and economic upliftment of Nigeria, some long term strategies should be done. Biological control could be one best option to fulfill the fertilizer requirement in Nigeria. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the microbial diversity and to find out the effective antagonistic microorganism and ultimately to make bio-fertilizer to distribute in Nigeria. In this study soil samples were collected from agricultural field soil from Nigeria. In total 23 soil samples were collected. Soil samples were isolated and microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) were identified from Macrogen. From the isolated soil, in total 31 different fungal species were found. Among them 3 species belongs to Penicillium veruculosum, were found more abundant. Bacterial isolates were also isolated from those soil samples. In total 26 species of bacterial isolates were isolated and identified.

Nanorods to hexagonal nanosheets of CuO-doped manganese oxide nanostructures for higher electrochemical supercapacitor performance

Yadav, H.M.,Ghodake, G.S.,Kim, D.-Y.,Ramesh, Sivalingam,Maile, N.C.,Lee, D.S.,Shinde, S.K. Elsevier 2019 Colloids and Surfaces B Vol.184 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, the extraordinary properties of CuO addition on the morphology and supercapacitive performance of Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrodes were demonstrated. Concisely, CuO/Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films were prepared by an easy and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The prepared thin films were characterized by various sophisticated physiochemical systems. The results demonstrated formation of Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films with noteworthy morphological alteration upon introduction of CuO. Furthermore, a significant effect of CuO introduction was observed on the electrocatalytic properties of the nanostructured Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrodes. At 3% CuO doping, the Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrodes displayed the maximum specific capacitance owing to formation of nanoplate-like structures. The enhanced specific capacitance attained for 3% CuO doping in the Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrode was 500 F/g at 5 mV/s in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. All results confirmed the plausible potential of the CuO/Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrode for supercapacitor applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel and simple chemical synthesis route for CuO doped Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films. </LI> <LI> Different nanostructures of CuO doped Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films prepared by altering doping percentage. </LI> <LI> 3% CuO doped Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films show the higher current density 15.33 mA/cm<SUP>1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> CuO doped electrodes show higher electrical performance than the other electrodes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>CV and SEM images of 3% CuO doped Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films synthesized by SILAR method.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Report of Aspergillus niger Isolated from Pectocera fortunei Specimen in Korea

( S. W. Kim ),( K. Lamsal ),( S. Naeimi ),( M. Adhikari ),( D. R. Yadav ),( Y. S. Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2014 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.26 No.3

A new species of Aspergillus niger (KNU12-3-3) has been isolated from insect specimen in Korea. This strain was isolated from Pectocera fortunei. The identification was based on the morphological characteristics and ITS analysis. This is the first report of a new species of A. niger isolated from insects in Korea.

Solvothermal synthesis of anatase TiO₂-graphene oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance

Yadav, H.M.,Kim, J.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.688 No.2

Anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with different GO loadings were prepared by a solvothermal method. The prepared photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The XRD results confirmed the anatase phase of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> in the composites and Raman analysis revealed the presence of GO in the nanocomposites. TEM studies indicated the uniform dispersion of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs on the GO surface with slight aggregation. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared nanocomposites was evaluated by the degradation of gaseous benzene under UV light irradiation. Anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-GO nanocomposites exhibits better photocatalytic performance than pure TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (NPs).

Magneto-convection in a rotating layer of nanofluid : MAGNETO-CONVECTION IN A ROTATING LAYER OF NANOFLUID

Yadav, Dhananjay,Bhargava, R.,Agrawal, G. S.,Hwang, Gyeong S.,Lee, Jinho,Kim, M. C. Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Asia-Pacific journal of chemical engineering Vol.9 No.5

Performance Evaluation of Water Supply Services in Developing Country: A Case Study of Ahmedabad City

S.M. Yadav,N. P. Singh,Kalpana A. Shah,Jigar H. Gamit 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.18 No.7

Unplanned and rapid growth of urban areas of developing countries poses major threat to service providers. Water supply management becomes critical aspect in the above scenario. The onus of managing its supply and distribution rests on the local government of the concerned area. Ahmedabad being world’s third largest and India’s fastest growing city has been selected for analysis of water supply services. Performance evaluation of water supply services for Ahmedabad city was carried out using nine performance indicators suggested by Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), Government of India. The nine performance indicators as suggested by MOUD are: coverage of water supply connection, per capita supply of water, extent of metering of water connections, extent of non revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied, efficiency in redressal of customer complaints, cost recovery of water supply services and efficiency in collection of water supplied related charges. Required data was collected from Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Analysis of the data suggests that among all the indicators of supply of water, cost recovery in water supply services, efficiency in redressal of customer complaints, quality of water supplied and efficiency in collection of water supply related charges showed good performance. However, metering of connection, continuity of water supply and non revenue water needs planned efforts to bring them up to the benchmark.

Antibacterial Effect of Nickel Nanoparticles on Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits

( M R Park ),( W S Choi ),( D R Yadav ),( S W Kim ),( J I Kim ),( Y S Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2015 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.27 No.3

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli is a serious disease of cucurbit crops. Despite the economically important bacterial disease of cucurbits in the world, there are no commercial cultivars with effective BFB resistance or bactericidal chemicals. In this study, nanomaterials (Ni nanoparticles, Ni-graphites, and graphites) for antibacterial activity against A. citrulli were prepared by Radio Frequency (RF)-thermal plasma which is the most widely used and is applied to a broad spectrum of industrial, medical and agriculture applications. Morphology and composition of nanomaterials synthesized by RF-thermal plasma were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. In order to verify the antibacterial effect of nanomaterials, fifteen strains of A. citrulli were used. The result of antibacterial activity tests showed that Ni nanoparticles were the most efficient antibacterial agent with 100% inhibition rate to all fifteen A. citrulli strains. When the inhibition rate of Ni-graphite was compared with that of graphite, Ni-graphite was more efficient to inhibit A. citrulli. Graphite also showed inhibition rate of more than 50% to most of A. citrulli strains except stratins 2, 3,and 35. These findings suggest that nanomaterials, especially Ni-nanoparticles synthesized by RF-thermal plasma system could be one of the best alternatives for development of new antibacterial agents.

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Cr³⁺-doped anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method

Yadav, H. M.,Kolekar, T. V.,Barge, A. S.,Thorat, N. D.,Delekar, S. D.,Kim, B. M.,Kim, B. J.,Kim, J. S. Chapman and Hall 2016 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol. No.

<P>The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) has been investigated under visible light irradiation with an incandescent light bulb using chromium doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Cr-TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles were estimated using UV-Vis DRS technique. With increasing Cr3+ cations content into TiO2 host lattice, the optical absorption band tuned in the visible region. XRD and TEM results reveal uniform and crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The photodegradation of MB indicated that the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 nanoparticles increased with increasing Cr3+ cations concentration.</P>

Bed Load Equation Evaluation based on Alluvial River Data, India

S.M. Yadav,B.K. Samtani 대한토목학회 2008 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.12 No.6

The rate of bed load transport in weight per unit width for non-uniform bed material has been computed by collecting the field data of Tapi River, in the monsoon season, for 15 years, at the Savkheda gauging station. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the bed load carried by the river. The rate of bed load transport in weight per unit width is computed using the Shields equation. The mathematical model has been developed using effective shear stress and bed load transport. The proposed bed load equation is tested using the data of the Tapi River for five years. The proposed model is tested using the data of eight different rivers across the globe. A statistical analysis is carried out by computing rmse, inequality ratio, and discrepancy ratio. The proposed bed load equation in exponential form is unique as it can be used to determine bed load transport of any river by changing the value of the coefficient and index. For Tapi and Asian rivers data, the proposed bed load equation shows good agreement between the predicted and measured bed load while for river across the globe require modification.

유기농 및 관행 사과 재배지의 병 발생 및 생물 다양성비교

김상우 ( S. W. Kim ),마헤시아드히카리 ( M. Adhikari ),딜라즈야다브 ( D. R. Yadav ),이윤수 ( Y. S. Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2016 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.28 No.2

사과 병해, 미생물 및 잡초 다양성을 비교한 연구는 2012년과 2013에 각각 단양과 무주 지역의 유기농 및 관행 사과 재배 포장에서 수행되었다. 미생물 다양성 조사결과 세균은 두 지역 모두에서 8월 이후 미생물 개체수가 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 2012, 2013년 모두 7월에 곰팡이가 감소한 것은 세균의 경우와 마찬가지로 강우등 다양한 요인이 관여한 것으로 판단된다. 유기농 사과 재배지 1의 경우 2012년과 2013년 모두 7월에 감소한 후8월말까지 증가하였으나 9월에 감소하는 유사한 패턴을 보였으며, 이것은 많은 강우량, 온도와 습도의 환경 변화에 따라 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 병해 발생은 2012년과 2013년 모두 유기사과 재배지에서 관행재배지 보다 더 많은 병해 발생이 발생한 것은 관행 재배지는 살균제 사용으로 병해 발생을 억제한 때문인 것으로 확인 되었다. 2013년의 경우 관행재배지와 유기농 재배지의 잡초 다양성이 유사하였으며, 2013년 관행 재배지의 경우 2012년 보다 다양하였다. 추후 이러한 다양성의 차이가 병해 발생과의 관계 구명과 병해방제 대책 수립에 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지 보다 정밀한 분석이 필요하다. A comparative study of apple diseases, microbial and weed diversity was performed in organic and non-organic apple growing fields in Danyang and Muju area during 2012-2013. The result revealed that the populations of microorganisms were initially higher in June at organic I and non-organic sites in 2012. Moreover highest population was recorded in the month of September at all sites. However the population decreased significantly in July at both sites. Individual population of bacteria and fungi increased by the mid of July. This might be due to high rainfall, temperature and humidity. Moreover in 2013, the populations of microorganisum were found higher in May at all sites in 2013. Alternaria leaf spot, Cedar apple rust and Marssonia leaf blight were the major disease in both fields. The disease symptoms were appeared during June. In organic field, Alternaria leaf spot was appeared in August, whereas Marssonia blotch was appeared in September. In organic field Cedar apple rust was appeared in April and May in 2012 and 2013. At the end of rainy season in August, disease symptoms were high due to the spread of disease in the field. There was a variation between the symptoms of disease in two cultivation practices. Weed occurrence was observed from May to September in both 2012 and 2013, and more diverse type of weeds were recorded in the organic cultivation system in comparison to non-organic system.