Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water

S.N. Hussain,A.P. Trzcinski,H.M.A. Asghar,H. Sattar,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-

The disinfection performance of the process of adsorption using a graphitic material combined withelectrochemical regeneration for a range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoain a laboratory scale sequential batch reactor is demonstrated. The bacterial species studied werePseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pneumophila. A 3.0 log10 reduction in theconcentration of P. aeruginosa cells was achieved with the adsorbent that was regenerated at 30 mA cm 2with 100% regeneration on each adsorption cycle. The process was quite effective in removing S. aureuspresent in water with a significantly higher reduction in the number of cells (ca. 9-log10 reduction) atrelatively low current density (10 mA cm 2). Similarly, L. pneumophila were removed from water with aca. 7.5-log10 reduction in the number of bacterial cells. The SEM images confirmed the adsorption of L. pneumophila onto the adsorbent and its electrochemical regeneration at 20 mA cm 2 that is considered arefractory pathogen against chlorination. The process was also found to be suitable for disinfecting fungalspores, Aspergillus awamori and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium turoloidesHowever, the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum from water was not demonstrated successfully. Thepreliminary results suggest that using a chloride free environment and a relatively high current densitycould be useful in disinfecting C. parvum.

Two-hole structure outsideNi78: Existence of aμsisomer ofCo76andβdecay intoNi76

Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sieja, K.,Werner, V.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Watanabe, H.,Wu, J.,Baba, H.,Dom American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.5

Comparative adsorption–regeneration performance for newly developed carbonaceous adsorbent

H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-

A proprietary adsorbent material called Nyex 1000 was developed by the Arvia Technology Ltd. (UK based waste water treatment company). Nyex 1000 was being employed for a number of commercial applications dealing with the removal of organic contaminants from industrial effluents. This adsorbent material had small adsorptive capacity. With the aim to address small adsorptive capacity, a new graphite based adsorbent material was developed. The particle design was accomplished through successive chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments of raw graphite material (natural large flake graphite, to be called here as NLFG). The chemical treatment of the NLFG was carried out through electrochemical intercalation using dilute (50%) sulfuric acid in an electrochemical cell. Chemically treated NLFG then went through thermal treatment at 850 °C and followed by mechanical treatments consisting of compression (4536 kgf cm−2) and chopping at 18,000 rpm for 30 s. The developed adsorbent material, (exfoliated compacted graphite, to be called here as ECG) and NLFG were characterized using state of the art techniques including SEM, BET surface area, XRD, Zeta potential, Boehm surface titration, bed electrical conductivity and laser size analysis. The characterization results showed significant increase in internal specific surface area from 1 to 17 m2 g−1. It was attributed to the development of partially porous particle surface verified by SEM results. The XRD, Boehm surface titration, Zeta potential results endorsed the associated chemical and physical changes appeared in the composition of the NLFG as a result of chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments. Adsorption-regeneration studies were conducted using developed ECG and existing Nyex 1000 materials. The pollutants used for adsorption–regeneration studies were acid violet 17, phenol, humic acid, ethane thiol and methyl propane thiol dissolved in aqueous solution. The results were compared and it was found that ECG showed significantly improved adsorption capacity with many folds. Both adsorbent materials, ECG and Nyex 1000 delivered 100% electrochemical regeneration efficiencies.

Observation of a γ-decaying millisecond isomeric state in ¹²⁸Cd₈₀

Jungclaus, A.,Grawe, H.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Simpson, G.S.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Xu, Z.Y.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Fukuda, N.,Gernhauser, R.,Gey, G.,Inabe, N.,Isobe North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Physics letters. Section B Vol.772 No.-

A new high-spin isomer in the neutron-rich nucleus <SUP>128</SUP>Cd was populated in the projectile fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. A half-life of T<SUB>½</SUB>=6.3(8) ms was measured for the new state which was tentatively assigned a spin/parity of (15<SUP>-</SUP>). The experimental results are compared to shell model calculations performed using state-of-the-art realistic effective interactions and to the neighbouring nucleus <SUP>129</SUP>Cd. In the present experiment no evidence was found for the decay of a 18<SUP>+</SUP>E6 spin-trap isomer, based on the complete alignment of the two-neutron and two-proton holes in the 0h<SUB>1½</SUB> and the 0g<SUB>9/2</SUB> orbit, respectively, which is predicted to exist by the shell model.

First observation ofγrays emitted from excited states south-east ofSn132: Theπg9/2−1⊗ν_f7/2multiplet ofIn83132

Jungclaus, A.,Gargano, A.,Grawe, H.,Taprogge, J.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Shimizu, Y.,Simpson, G. S.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Sumikama, T.,Xu, Z. Y.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Fukuda, N.,G American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.4

<P>For the first time, the gamma decay of excited states has been observed in a nucleus situated in the quadrant south-east of doubly magic Sn-132, a region in which experimental information so far is limited to ground-state properties. Six gamma rays with energies of 50, 86, 103, 227, 357, and 602 keV were observed following the beta-delayed neutron emission from Cd-133(85), populated in the projectile fission of a U-238 beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN within the EURICA project. The new experimental information is compared to the results of a modern realistic shell-model calculation, the first one in this region very far from stability, focusing in particular on the pi 0g(9/2)(-1) circle times nu 1f(7/2) particle-hole multiplet in In-132(83). In addition, theoretical estimates based on a scaling of the two-body matrix elements for the pi h(11/2)(-1) circle times nu g(9/2) analog multiplet in Tl-208(127), one major proton and one major neutron shell above, are presented.</P>

International key comparison CCQM-K94: 10 μmol/mol dimethyl sulfide in nitrogen

Lee, S,Heo, G S,Kim, Y,Oh, S,Han, Q,Wu, H,Konopelko, L A,Kustikov, Y A,Kolobova, A V,Efremova, O V,Pankratov, V V,Pavlov, M V,Culleton, L P,Brown, A S,Brookes, C,Li, J,Ziel, P R,van der Veen, A M H IOP 2016 Metrologia Vol.53 No.-

<P></P> <P>Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important compound in monitoring climate change and is monitored by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch Volatile Organic Compounds (WMO-GAW VOC) program at several monitoring sites. It is essential that measurement results are accurate and consistent among the assigned values for primary gas mixtures to meet the WMO requirement. The purpose of this comparison is to compare the measurement capability of DMS at approximately 10 μ­mol/mol and expectation to contribute the establishment of traceability to single measurement scale for DMS between NMIs.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P>To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K94/CCQM-K94_Final_Report.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Photometric redshifts for the Kilo-Degree Survey : Machine-learning analysis with artificial neural networks

Bilicki, M.,Hoekstra, H.,Brown, M. J. I.,Amaro, V.,Blake, C.,Cavuoti, S.,de Jong, J. T. A.,Georgiou, C.,Hildebrandt, H.,Wolf, C.,Amon, A.,Brescia, M.,Brough, S.,Costa-Duarte, M. V.,Erben, T.,Glazebroo EDP Sciences 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.616 No.-

<P>We present a machine-learning photometric redshift (ML photo-<I>z</I>) analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3 (KiDS DR3), using two neural-network based techniques: ANNz2 and MLPQNA. Despite limited coverage of spectroscopic training sets, these ML codes provide photo-<I>z</I>s of quality comparable to, if not better than, those from the Bayesian Photometric Redshift (BPZ) code, at least up to <I>z</I>phot ≲ 0.9 and <I>r</I> ≲ 23.5. At the bright end of <I>r</I> ≲ 20, where very complete spectroscopic data overlapping with KiDS are available, the performance of the ML photo-<I>z</I>s clearly surpasses that of BPZ, currently the primary photo-<I>z</I> method for KiDS. Using the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopic survey as calibration, we furthermore study how photo-<I>z</I>s improve for bright sources when photometric parameters additional to magnitudes are included in the photo-<I>z</I> derivation, as well as when VIKING and WISE infrared (IR) bands are added. While the fiducial four-band <I>ugri</I> setup gives a photo-<I>z</I> bias 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 = −2 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> and scatter <I>σδz/(1+z)</I> < 0.022 at mean 〈<I>z</I>〉 = 0.23, combining magnitudes, colours, and galaxy sizes reduces the scatter by ~7% and the bias by an order of magnitude. Once the <I>ugri</I> and IR magnitudes are joined into 12-band photometry spanning up to 12 <I>μ</I>m, the scatter decreases by more than 10% over the fiducial case. Finally, using the 12 bands together with optical colours and linear sizes gives 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 < 4 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> and <I>σ</I><I>δz</I>/(1+<I>z</I>) < 0.019. This paper also serves as a reference for two public photo-<I>z</I> catalogues accompanying KiDS DR3, both obtained using the ANNz2 code. The first one, of general purpose, includes all the 39 million KiDS sources with four-band <I>ugri</I> measurements in DR3. The second dataset, optimised for low-redshift studies such as galaxy-galaxy lensing, is limited to <I>r</I> ≲ 20, and provides photo-<I>z</I>s of much better quality than in the full-depth case thanks to incorporating optical magnitudes, colours, and sizes in the GAMA-calibrated photo-<I>z</I> derivation.</P>

Pre-treatment of adsorbents for waste water treatment using adsorption coupled-with electrochemical regeneration

H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,E.P.L. Roberts,A.K. Campen,N.W. Brown 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.5

With the aim to address waste water treatment problems, a novel and economic water treatment technology was introduced at the University of Manchester. It comprised of a unique combination of adsorption and electrochemical regeneration in a single unit. This process successfully eliminated a number of organic pollutants by using an electrically conducting adsorbent material called NyexTM which was a modified form of synthetic graphite. To expand the scope of other graphite types in waste water treatment applications, natural vein and recycled vein graphite materials were selected for electrochemical surface treatment (pre-treatment) in order to evaluate their adsorptive and electrical properties. New graphite based adsorbents were developed and characterized using a laser diffraction particle size analyser,BET surface area, SEM analysis, X-ray (EDS) elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Boehm surface titration, Zeta potential electrical bed conductivity and bulk density measurements. Boehm surface titration and EDS (X-ray) elemental analysis showed a significant increase in oxygen containing surface functional groups. Although, no significant improvement in bed electrical conductivity was found to occur after electrochemical surface treatment, however, natural vein and recycled vein graphite materials presented highest bed electrical conductivity amongst competing graphite materials. Aqueous solution of acid violet 17 as a standard pollutant was used to evaluate the comparative performance of these adsorbents. The investigations revealed that electrochemical surface treatment contributed to an increase in the adsorption capacity by a factor of two only for natural vein graphite. Un-treated recycled vein graphite adsorbent delivered the same adsorptive capacity (3.0 mg g-1) to that of electrochemically treated natural vein graphite. The electrochemical regeneration efficiency at around 100% was obtained using a treatment time of 60 and 30 min, current density of 14 mA cm-2, charge passed of 36 and 18 C g-1 for synthetic graphite, natural and recycled vein graphite materials respectively. Relatively a small consumption of electrical energy, 24 J g-1 for regenerating natural vein graphite adsorbent versus 36 J g-1 for synthetic graphite adsorbent, was found to be required for destruction/oxidation of adsorbed acid violet 17. Multiple adsorption/regeneration cycles presented no loss in adsorptive capacity over 5adsorption/regeneration cycles. The use of natural and recycled vein graphite adsorbents offered some advantages over graphite intercalation based adsorbents with reduced electrical energy consumption during regeneration and simpler separation of particulate adsorbent.

Dynamic behavior of Arabidopsis eIF4A-III, putative core protein of exon junction complex: fast relocation to nucleolus and splicing speckles under hypoxia.

Koroleva, O A,Calder, G,Pendle, A F,Kim, S H,Lewandowska, D,Simpson, C G,Jones, I M,Brown, J W S,Shaw, P J American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 The Plant cell Vol.21 No.5

<P>Here, we identify the Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the mammalian DEAD box helicase, eIF4A-III, the putative anchor protein of exon junction complex (EJC) on mRNA. Arabidopsis eIF4A-III interacts with an ortholog of the core EJC component, ALY/Ref, and colocalizes with other EJC components, such as Mago, Y14, and RNPS1, suggesting a similar function in EJC assembly to animal eIF4A-III. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-eIF4A-III fusion protein showed localization to several subnuclear domains: to the nucleoplasm during normal growth and to the nucleolus and splicing speckles in response to hypoxia. Treatment with the respiratory inhibitor sodium azide produced an identical response to the hypoxia stress. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 led to accumulation of GFP-eIF4A-III mainly in the nucleolus, suggesting that transition of eIF4A-III between subnuclear domains and/or accumulation in nuclear speckles is controlled by proteolysis-labile factors. As revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, the nucleoplasmic fraction was highly mobile, while the speckles were the least mobile fractions, and the nucleolar fraction had an intermediate mobility. Sequestration of eIF4A-III into nuclear pools with different mobility is likely to reflect the transcriptional and mRNA processing state of the cell.</P>

Identification of a millisecond isomeric state in Cd 81 129 via the detection of internal conversion and Compton electrons

Taprogge, J.,Jungclaus, A.,Grawe, H.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z.Y.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Ná,cher, E.,Simpson, G.S.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Sumikama, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Fukuda, N.,Gernh&aum North-Holland Pub. Co 2014 Physics letters. Section B Vol.738 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The decay of an isomeric state in the neutron-rich nucleus <SUP>129</SUP>Cd has been observed via the detection of internal conversion and Compton electrons providing first experimental information on excited states in this nucleus. The isomer was populated in the projectile fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. From the measured yields of <I>γ</I>-rays and internal conversion electrons, a multipolarity of <I>E</I>3 was tentatively assigned to the isomeric transition. A half-life of <SUB> T 1 / 2 </SUB> = 3.6 ( 2 ) ms was determined for the new state which was assigned a spin of ( 21 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) , based on a comparison to shell model calculations performed using state-of-the-art realistic effective interactions.</P>