DMNQ S-64 Induces Apoptosis via Caspase Activation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Human Nonsmall Lung Cancer Cells

LIM, E.-S.,RHEE, Y.-H.,PARK, M.-K.,SHIM, B.-S.,AHN, K.-S.,KANG, H.,YOO, H.-S.,KIM, S.-H. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2007 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1095 No.1

<P>Shikonin has been reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. 6-(1-propoxyiminoalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxyoxy 1,4-naphtoquinone S-64 (DMNQ S-64) was synthesized as a shikonin derivative. In this article, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of DMNQ S-64 was examined. DMNQ S-64 exerted cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells with IC(50) of 27.3 microM. Apoptotic bodies were observed in DMNQ S-64-treated A549 cells by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay. DMNQ S-64 also increased sub-G1 DNA portion in a concentration-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that DMNQ S-64 effectively activates the expression of caspase 8, 9, and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, cytochrome c was released in a concentration-dependent manner by DMNQ S-64. Similarly, DMNQ S-64 significantly increased caspase 3 activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It also significantly inhibited the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) by ELISA and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, DMNQ S-64 may exhibit cytotoxicity against A549 cells via caspase activation and COX-2 inhibition.</P>

Electrocatalytic activity of chemically deposited Cu_xS thin film for counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells

Lim, I.,Lee, D.Y.,Patil, S.A.,Shrestha, N.K.,Kang, S.H.,Nah, Y.C.,Lee, W.,Han, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.148 No.3

The compact (c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) and the porous (p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) with particle decorated films of coppers-ulfidearesynthesized using a chemical bath deposition technique, and the films are characterized using electrochemical techniques. In addition, the chemically deposited Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are investigated as a counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QSSCs). The available redox active reaction sites of the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film are found to be 57.9% higher than those available in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the effective diffusion coefficients of the polysulfide electrolyte in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S and p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are estimated to be 3.67 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 6.35 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results can be ascribed to the improvement in the available redox active reaction sites and the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S counter electrode. As compared to the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film, the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film as a counter electrode exhibits an enhanced photovoltaic performance of the QSSCs with the power conversion efficiency of 3.17%, short-circuit current of 11.89 mA c<SUP>-</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.50 V, and fill factor of 53.29. The improved performance of the QSSCs is ascribed to the improvements on the available redox active reaction sites, electrocatalytic activity and the diffusion coefficients, which are directly related to the surface morphology of the sulfide films.

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

RF Interference Analysis for KOMPSAT-II Spacecraft

Lim, S.B.,Kim, D.Y.,Chang, Y.K. 통신위성우주산업연구회 2001 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2001 No.-

In general, LEO satellite uses S-band communication link for the whole satellite management, whereas the satellite payload frequently implements X-band and/or Ku-band transmitter for payload data transmission. The transmission system should have out-band rejection filter (protection circuit) to prevent any interference with the satellite receiver, so that the receiver can be normally operated. It is usually implemented in the transmitter itself but the vendor of a transmitter could not take it into account whole out of band frequency because a variety of individual satellites utilize different RF communication systems. The KOMPSAT-II, which is an earth observation satellite, is being developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute and Korean industries. It has S-band communication system for the bus and X-band transmission system for payload data. In addition, L-band GPS Receiver is being incorporated to achieve the KOMPSAT-II mission goal. Unfortunately, the KOMPSAT-2 payload system does not have external out-band rejection~ filter nor transmitter for S-band and L-band protection. The transmitter only has band rejection filter for TDRSS. In addition, it has high gain directional antenna whose directional beam has to pass over the S-band antenna. In this paper, the analysis method is described to calculate the interference effects of the S-band spurious noise power on X-band transmitting system to S-band receiver. The S-band antenna is positioned very closely to the X-band Antenna by I .2m. We will also introduce general simple RF interference analysis method applicable to a traditional system, including advantage and disadvantages. The X-band transmitting system is often required to add the specified filter to suppress the S-band spurious signal for the safety of the receiver performance. The analysis result shows that the performance of S-band receiver is satisfied with no implementation of the specified filter.

상업적 응유효소의 탈지유에 대한 단백질 분해 작용

신현수,김상범,임종우 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

상업적 단백질 분해 효소에 0.02% CaCl_2를 첨가하여 응유 활성화를 시킨 탈지유에 대한 분해 작용의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 다양한 효소별 가수분해 시간에 따른 가수분해도는 미생물 유래 효소와 trypsin은 pepsin과 papain W-40보다 높은 분해도를 나타냈다. 12% TCA 용액에 가용성인 NPN의 양은 trypsin이 가장 높은 분해도를 나타내었고 rennet과 pepsin이 가장 낮은 분해도를 보였다. 전기영동에 있어서 trypsin과 protease S는 α-lactalbumin을 분해하였고 papain w-40은 β-lactoglobulin을 미약하게 분해하였으며 neutrase 1.5는 90분 이후부터 α-lactalbumin과 β-lactoglobulin을 분해하였다. Rennet과 비교한 전기영동상에서는 rennet에 의해 분해 되지 않은 α_s-casein과 β-casein을 trypsin과 protease S가 다량 분해하였고 k-casein은 rennet에 비해 papain W-40이 상당 수준의 분해상을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 가수분해도 및 NPN 양은 trypsin, neutrase 1.5 및 protease S가 다른 효소에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 전기영동상에서는 pepsin과 neutrase 1.5가 rennet과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. Proteolytic activities of some commercial milk clotting enzymes(rennet, trypsin, pepsin, papain W-40, neutrase 1.5 and protease S) in bovine skim milk containing 0.02% CaCl_2 were determined by measuring DH(Degree of Hydrolysis), NPN(Non Protein Nitrogen) and by comparing patterns of SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). The DH of microbial enzymes(neutrase 1.5 and protease S) and trypsin in bovine skim milk were higher than those of pepsin and papain W-40. The amounts of NPN in the milk treated with trypsin and the other animal enzymes(rennet and pepsin) showed the highest and lowest degrees of proteolysis, respectively. SDS-PAGE showed that trypsin and protease S hydrolyzed α-lactalbumin and papain W-40 hydrolyzed β-lactoglobulin slightly, while neutrase 1.5 hydrolyzed both α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin after treating for 90 min. Trypsin and protease S easily hydrolyzed α_s-casein and β-casein, which were not hydrolyzed by rennet. Papain W-40 hydrolyzed k-casein more than rennet as shown in SDS-PAGE. Based on the results of the experiments, the DH and NPN of trypsin, neutrase 1.5 and protease S were shown to be higher than those of the other enzymes. The SDS-PAGE patterns of papain W-40 and neutrase 1.5 were similar with that of rennet.

Preparation and characterization of sulfonated amine-poly(ether sulfone)s for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Seo, D.W.,Lim, Y.D.,Lee, S.H.,Jeong, Y.G.,Hong, T.W.,Kim, W.G. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.35 No.23

Sulfonated amine-poly(ether sulfone)s (S-APES)s were prepared by nitration, reduction and sulfonation of poly(ether sulfone) (ultrason<SUP>(</SUP>R)-S6010). Poly(ether sulfone) was reacted with ammonium nitrate and trifluoroacetic anhydride to produce the nitrated poly(ether sulfone), and was followed by reduction using tin(II)chloride and sodium iodide as reducing agents to give the amino-poly(ether sulfone). The S-APES was obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the amino-poly(ether sulfone) (NH<SUB>2</SUB>-PES) with sodium methoxide. The different degrees of nitration and reduction of poly(ether sulfone) were successfully synthesized by an optimized process. The reduction of nitro group to amino was done quantitatively, and this controlled the contents of the sulfonic acid group. The films were converted from salt to acid forms with dilute hydrochloric acid. Different contents of sulfonated unit of the S-APES were studied by FT-IR, <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), a measure of proton conductivity, was evaluated. The S-APES membranes exhibit conductivities (25 <SUP>o</SUP>C) from 1.05 x 10<SUP>-3</SUP> to 4.83 x 10<SUP>-3</SUP> S/cm, water swell from 30.25 to 66.50%, IEC from 0.38 to 0.82 meq/g, and methanol diffusion coefficients from 3.10 x 10<SUP>-7</SUP> to 4.82 x 10<SUP>-7</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/S at 25 <SUP>o</SUP>C.

Phase II study of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin as therapy for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer: influence of the <i>CYP2A6</i> polymorphism on pharmacokinetics and clinical activity

Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>

Analysis of the relationship between the kinetic energy and intensity of rainfall in Daejeon, Korea

Lim, Y.S.,Kim, J.K.,Kim, J.W.,Park, B.I.,Kim, M.S. Pergamon Press 2015 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.384 No.-

The kinetic energy and momentum of rainfall are widely used as erosivity indicators for estimating soil detachment (erosion) induced by the impact of raindrops. Because direct measurements of the force or kinetic energy of rainfall on ground surfaces are not widely available, many empirical relationships have been derived to link the kinetic energy and intensity (I) of rainfall, the factor that has the most control over soil erosion and is readily accessible. This study considered three rainfall erosivity indices: kinetic energy expenditure (KE<SUB>time</SUB>, J m<SUP>-2</SUP> h<SUP>-1</SUP>), kinetic energy content (KE<SUB>mm</SUB>, J m<SUP>-2</SUP> mm<SUP>-1</SUP>), and momentum (M, kg m s<SUP>-1</SUP> m<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> or N m<SUP>-2</SUP>). The relationships between these rainfall erosivity indices (KE<SUB>time</SUB>, KE<SUB>mm</SUB>, and M) and rainfall intensity were established by fitting to an existing functional model based on measurements of the number of drops by size and terminal velocity made from January 2010 to July 2011 using a laser optical disdrometer in Daejeon City, Korea. The best fit for the relationship between the three kinetic energy indices and rainfall intensity was obtained with a power law (KE<SUB>time</SUB>-I, and M-I) and an exponential model (KE<SUB>mm</SUB>-I). Validation results for two different events indicated good performance for the KE<SUB>time</SUB>-I and M-I equations, with a similar distribution of observed data and power-law curve fitting. However, the rainfall momentum index produced much lower uncertainty as determined from the measured terminal velocity when the equipment was exposed to in situ changeable conditions. Therefore, we suggest that the power-law relationship between momentum and rainfall intensity is the most suitable equation for the prediction of rainfall erosivity.

Predictive risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis compared to pneumococcal meningitis: a multicenter case–control study

Lim, S.,Chung, D. R.,Kim, Y. S.,Sohn, K. M.,Kang, S. J.,Jung, S. I.,Kim, S. W.,Chang, H. H.,Lee, S. S.,Bae, I. G. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Infection Vol.45 No.1

<P>Patients with a prior history of receiving immunosuppressive therapy within 1 month and chronic liver disease have 8.1-fold and 5-fold increased risk of meningitis by L. monocytogenes compared to S. pneumoniae, respectively.</P>

Effect of S-adenosylmethionine on neointimal formation after balloon injury in obese diabetic rats

Lim, S.,Moon, M. K.,Shin, H.,Kim, T. H.,Cho, B. J.,Kim, M.,Park, H. S.,Choi, S. H.,Ko, S. H.,Chung, M. H. Oxford University Press 2011 Cardiovascular research Vol.90 No.2