Screening of botanicals against the adults of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L.

S. Rajashekara,R. Kiran,V. Bhavya,C. Chithrashree,V. Chaitra,Deepti Ravi Joshi,M. G. Venkatesha 한국잠사학회 2023 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.47 No.1

Sitophilus oryzae L. (Rice Weevil) is a stored pest of rice that causes extensive loss throughout the world. We tested the leaf powders of 12 plant species viz., Chrysanthemum sp., Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Gliricidia sepium, Gymnema sylvestre, Hemigraphis colorata, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Murraya koenigii, Polyalthia longifolia, and Sauropus androgynus at dosages of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00g against the adult rice weevil and mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12 and 2l days after treatment (DAT) by direct contact toxicity for their adulticidal effect. We observed 100 percent adult mortality in C. zevlanicum and M. koenigii among the tested leaf powders. In addition, the first-time tested H. colorata and S. androgynus also caused high mortality compared to other plants. All the plant powders caused moderate to high adult mortality. Hence, these plants could be effective botanical insecticides against S. oryzae as they comprise a potential source of bioactive chemicals and are generally free from toxicants. Applications of these natural derivatives in S. oryzae control could reduce the cost of control methods and storage of rice contamination. Therefore, the present study indicates that some plant extracts can be used as an alternative to toxic synthetic chemicals in the management of rice weevils.

MAGNETIC RECONNECTION DURING THE TWO-PHASE EVOLUTION OF A SOLAR ERUPTIVE FLARE

Joshi, Bhuwan,Veronig, Astrid,Cho, K.-S.,Bong, S.-C.,Somov, B. V.,Moon, Y.-J.,Lee, Jeongwoo,Manoharan, P. K.,Kim, Y.-H. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.706 No.2

<P>We present a detailed multi-wavelength analysis and interpretation of the evolution of an M7.6 flare that occurred near the southeast limb on 2003 October 24. Pre-flare images at TRACE 195 angstrom show that the bright and complex system of coronal loops already existed at the flaring site. The X-ray observations of the flare taken from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) spacecraft reveal two phases of the flare evolution. The first phase is characterized by the altitude decrease of the X-ray looptop (LT) source for similar to 11 minutes. Such a long duration of the descending LT source motion is reported for the first time. The EUV loops, located below the X-ray LT source, also undergo contraction with similar speed (similar to 15 km s(-1)) in this interval. During the second phase the two distinct hard X-ray footpoint (FP) sources are observed which correlate well with UV and Ha flare ribbons. The X-ray LT source now exhibits upward motion as anticipated from the standard flare model. The RHESSI spectra during the first phase are soft and indicative of hot thermal emission from flaring loops with temperatures T > 25 MK at the early stage. On the other hand, the spectra at high energies (epsilon greater than or similar to 25 keV) follow hard power laws during the second phase (gamma = 2.6-2.8). We show that the observed motion of the LT and FP sources can be understood as a consequence of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection at a separator in the corona. During the first phase of the flare, the reconnection releases an excess of magnetic energy related to the magnetic tensions generated before a flare by the shear flows in the photosphere. The relaxation of the associated magnetic shear in the corona by the reconnection process explains the descending motion of the LT source. During the second phase, the ordinary reconnection process dominates describing the energy release in terms of the standard model of large eruptive flares with increasing FP separation and upward motion of the LT source.</P>

Effect of Short-term and Long-term Preservation on Motion Characteristics of Garole Ram Spermatozoa: A Prolific Microsheep Breed of India

Joshi, Anil,Bag, Sadhan,Naqvi, S.M.K.,Sharma, R.C.,Rawat, P.S.,Mittal, J.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.11

Garole is a prolific, rare, less known and small size Indian sheep breed found in low and humid Sunderban region of West Bengal. Although information on stored Garole ram liquid semen upto 24 h is available, but there is a need to further investigate the short-term and long-term preservability of Garole ram semen for extensive utilization of this valuable germplasm by artificial insemination. The aim of the present study was to apply computer-assisted sperm analysis technique for assessing the motion characteristics of Garole ram semen stored (i) in liquid state at refrigeration temperature for short-term preservation upto 48 h and (ii) in frozen state at $-196^{\circ}C$ for long-term preservation after packaging in mini straws. Short-term preservation had a significant effect on motility (p<0.01) as the motility progressively decreased from 90.1% at 0 h to 85.5% and 73.2% after 24 and 48 h of storage, respectively. Although the decline in rapid moving sperms was also significant (p<0.01) on storage but the decrease was more pronounced at 48 h as compared to 24 h of storage period. Storage of chilled semen had also a significant effect on % linearity (p<0.05), % straightness (p<0.01), sperm velocities (p<0.01), amplitude of lateral head displacement (p<0.01) and beat frequency (pO.Ol) of spermatozoa. The replication had a significant effect for all the variables except average path and straight line velocity. However, the interactions of short-term storage and replication were non-significant for most of the variables except % of medium moving sperms, sperm velocities and beat frequency. On long-term preservation of Garole ram spermatozoa under controlled conditions the mean post-thaw recovery of 70.4 and 71.4% motile spermatozoa was achieved having 48.8 and 48.9% of rapidly motile spermatozoa, respectively in both the replicates. The effect of replication on cryopreservation was significant (p<0.05) on amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat frequency, but there was no significant effect on motility, rapidly motile spermatozoa, linearity, straightness and sperm velocities of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. It can be concluded from these results that an average 70% motility can be achieved on storage of Garole ram semen in chilled liquid state upto 48 h or in liquid nitrogen after freezing under controlled conditions in straws. However, further studies are required to evaluate the fertility of short-term and long-term preserved Garole ram semen for extensive use of this prolific sheep breed.

CME-flare Relationship in the 2004 August 18 Solar Eruption

K.S. Cho,J. Lee,S.C. Bong,B. Joshi,Y.H. Kim,Y.J. Moon,G.S. Choe,Y.D. Park 한국천문학회 2008 天文學會報 Vol.33 No.2

The Role of Magnetic Reconnection in the 2004 August 18 Solar Eruption

K.-S. Cho,J. Lee,S.-C. Bong,B. Joshi,Y.-H. Kim,Y.-J. Moon,G.-S Chae,Y.D. Park 한국천문학회 2008 天文學會報 Vol.33 No.1

Studies on Serum Micro-mineral, Hormone and Vitamin Profile and Its Effect on Production and Therapeutic Management of Buffaloes in Haryana State of India

Sharma, M.C.,Raju, S.,Joshi, C.,Kaur, H.,Varshney, V.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.4

A survey was conducted in certain parts of Haryana to record the prevalence of micro mineral deficiency in buffaloes. The prevalence of soil Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency was 55.26%, 6.9%, 59.12% and 7.89% respectively. While that of fodder Cu, Co, Zn and Fe was 60.64%, 6.7%, 61.22% and 11.37% respectively. The overall prevalence of serum Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency in Haryana was 59.2%, 19.1%, 59.2% and 19.9% respectively. The correlation co-efficient of Cu, Co, Zn and Fe in soil, fodder and serum was significant in most of the cases the values were above 0.8. Blood examination revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin and TEC level. However, no variation in level of TLC were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes. In micro mineral deficiency, thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels were decreased in buffaloes. Marginally lower concentration of vitamin A and E were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes in Haryana. The highest deficiency of micro minerals was 61.76% in copper at Ambala followed by 65.86% in zinc at Rhotak. For therapeutic studies a mineral mixture was prepared according to defiency obtained and fed to three groups of animals. Observation was recorded on 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Group A consist of normal healthy animals and group B mineral deficient animal untreated and group C mineral deficient animal, treated with prepared mineral mixture. 25 gram of mineral mixture was fed daily along with normal ration. There was increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte level in group C animals when compared to group B animals. The milk yield in group C animals increased to 6.970${\pm}$0.41 after 60th day of supplement in comparison to 0 day where it was 5.910${\pm}$0.37, similarly the body wt. of group C animals increased from 129.42${\pm}$01.13 (at 0 day) to 159.31${\pm}$03.61 at 60th day of treatment.

Electrospun bioactive poly (@?-caprolactone)-cellulose acetate-dextran antibacterial composite mats for wound dressing applications

Liao, N.,Unnithan, A.R.,Joshi, M.K.,Tiwari, A.P.,Hong, S.T.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Elsevier 2015 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.469 No.-

<P>Electrospun nanofibrous mat for wound dressing application was successfully prepared from poly (6caprolactone) (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA) and dextran blend solution. Incorporation of small amount of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), an antibacterial drug, improved the cell proliferation, enhanced blood clotting ability and cell attachment as well as antimicrobial activity of the composite mat. The composite mats were characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis. In order to evaluate the cytocompatibility and cell behavior of the composite scaffolds, fibroblast cells were seeded on the matrix. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of dextran and drug strongly enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of the cells on the composite nanofibers. The antimicrobial activity of the composite was studied by zone inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the result indicates high antibacterial activity. Therefore, as synthesized composite fiber have decent characteristics for wound dressing and skin engineering applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

In-situ deposition of silver-iron oxide nanoparticles on the surface of fly ash for water purification

Joshi, M.K.,Pant, H.R.,Liao, N.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, H.J.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Academic Press 2015 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE - Vol.453 No.-

In this study, a fly ash based composite, Ag-iron oxide/fly ash, was synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal process using fly ash, ferrous chloride, and silver nitrate as precursors. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), EDX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement confirmed the formation of composite particle. FA provided a suitable surface for the in-situ deposition of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Ag NPs during hydrothermal treatment. As a result, the particle size of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Ag NPs was sufficiently decreased, and the surface area of the NPs as well as, a whole matrix was increased. The antimicrobial activity of the composite was accessed by Escherichia coli inhibition assay. Lead(II) ion adsorption efficiency of the composite was analyzed from a series of batch adsorption experiments (the effects of concentration, contact time, pH and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution). Results indicated that as-synthesized composite has high antibacterial capacity, and the metal ions uptake efficiency compared to fly ash particle. Furthermore, incorporation Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPs onto the fly ash make it easily separable from a reaction system using an external magnet. The composite synthesis protocol is a simple method that utilizes a readily available industrial byproduct to produce a unique composite for environmental remediation.

Effect of Zinc Acetate Concentration on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Electrostatic Spray on an ITO Substrate

Joshi, Bhavana N.,Yoon, Hyun,Kim, Ho Young,Oh, Joon Ho,Seong, Tae Yeon,James, Scott C.,Yoon, Sam S. The Electrochemical Society 2012 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.159 No.8

One-pot synthesis of Ag-iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite via hydrothermal treatment

Joshi, M.K.,Pant, H.R.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, C.S. Elsevier 2014 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.446 No.-

A multifunctional silver-iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide (Ag-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by facile, green and one-pot synthesis using hydrothermal treatment of aqueous solution containing graphene oxide (GO), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, silver nitrate, and ethanol. This aqueous solution was heated at 130<SUP>o</SUP>C for 3h where simultaneous reduction of GO and crystallization of metal and metal oxide NPs was simply carried out. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infra-red, Raman, and X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of Ag-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO nanocomposite. The catalytic activity and antibacterial capacity of nanocomposite were studied by reduction of 4-nitrophenol and destruction of Escherichia coli, respectively. Results indicated that as-synthesized nanocomposite has high catalytic and antibacterial capacity with good reusability. Therefore, the obtained nanocomposite from this facile one-pot synthesis method exhibit great potential in environmental remediation.