섬에 대한 전망들 : 섬의 이슈들과 섬 연구

스티븐A.로일(Stephen A. Royle) 제주학회 2017 제주학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.2

마르크스주의와 인류세

커밀라 로일(Camilla Royle),장호종(번역자) 책갈피 2020 마르크스21 Vol.- No.37

3D shape analysis of the brain's third ventricle using a midplane encoded symmetric template model

Kim, Jaeil,Valdé,s Herná,ndez, Maria del C.,Royle, Natalie A.,Maniega, Susana Muñ,oz,Aribisala, Benjamin S.,Gow, Alan J.,Bastin, Mark E.,Deary, Ian J.,Wardlaw, Joanna M.,Park, Jinah Elsevier Scientific Publishers 2016 COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE Vol.129 No.-

<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Present a model-based approach to investigate the morphology of the third ventricle.</P>•<P>Assess the regional deformations in relation to the atrophy of surrounding structures.</P>•<P>Use a symmetric template model with the midplane definition for unbiased analysis.</P>•<P>Achieve a robust surface modeling using a progressive surface deformation.</P>•<P>Validate the method on a healthy aging sample with different clinical variables.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Structural changes of the brain's third ventricle have been acknowledged as an indicative measure of the brain atrophy progression in neurodegenerative and endocrinal diseases. To investigate the ventricular enlargement in relation to the atrophy of the surrounding structures, shape analysis is a promising approach. However, there are hurdles in modeling the third ventricle shape. First, it has topological variations across individuals due to the inter-thalamic adhesion. In addition, as an interhemispheric structure, it needs to be aligned to the midsagittal plane to assess its asymmetric and regional deformation.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>To address these issues, we propose a model-based shape assessment. Our template model of the third ventricle consists of a midplane and a symmetric mesh of generic shape. By mapping the template's midplane to the individuals’ brain midsagittal plane, we align the symmetric mesh on the midline of the brain before quantifying the third ventricle shape. To build the vertex-wise correspondence between the individual third ventricle and the template mesh, we employ a minimal-distortion surface deformation framework. In addition, to account for topological variations, we implement geometric constraints guiding the template mesh to have zero width where the inter-thalamic adhesion passes through, preventing vertices crossing between left and right walls of the third ventricle. The individual shapes are compared using a vertex-wise deformity from the symmetric template.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Experiments on imaging and demographic data from a study of aging showed that our model was sensitive in assessing morphological differences between individuals in relation to brain volume (i.e. proxy for general brain atrophy), gender and the fluid intelligence at age 72. It also revealed that the proposed method can detect the regional and asymmetrical deformation unlike the conventional measures: volume (median 1.95 ml, IQR 0.96 ml) and width of the third ventricle. Similarity measures between binary masks and the shape model showed that the latter reconstructed shape details with high accuracy (Dice coefficient ≥0.9, mean distance 0.5 mm and Hausdorff distance 2.7 mm).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>We have demonstrated that our approach is suitable to morphometrical analyses of the third ventricle, providing high accuracy and inter-subject consistency in the shape quantification. This shape modeling method with geometric constraints based on anatomical landmarks could be extended to other brain structures which require a consistent measurement basis in the morphometry.</P></▼2>

The identification and characterization of xenoantigenic nonhuman carbohydrate sequences in membrane proteins from porcine kidney

Kim, Yun-Gon,Kim, Sun-Young,Hur, Young-Mi,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Chung, Junho,Lee, Dong-Sup,Royle, Louise,Rudd, Pauline M.,Dwek, Raymond A.,Harvey, David J.,Kim, Byung-Gee WILEY-VCH 2006 Proteomics Vol. No.

<P>The immunogenic nonhuman carbohydrate sequences in membrane proteins from porcine kidney were identified and characterized using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-QTOF-MS. The MALDI profile, investigated by incubation with exoglycosidases, showed a series of about 40 carbohydrates that were identified as high mannose glycans (Man<SUB>3–9</SUB>GlcNAc<SUB>2</SUB>) and complex bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary glycans with and without core fucose. The antennae of many of the complex glycans were terminated with α-galactose residues, with the numbers of these residues ranging from one up to the number of antennae. Negative ion ESI-MS/MS spectra confirmed the location of the α-galactose residues on the ends of the antennae. This total glycan profile of the membrane proteins from porcine kidney will thus provide important information for the study of molecular interactions between antigenic carbohydrates and proteins in xenotransplantation.</P>

Associations between hippocampal morphology, diffusion characteristics, and salivary cortisol in older men

Cox, Simon R.,Valdé,s Herná,ndez, Maria del Carmen,Kim, Jaeil,Royle, Natalie A.,MacPherson, Sarah E.,Ferguson, Karen J.,Muñ,oz Maniega, Susana,Anblagan, Devasuda,Aribisala, Benjamin Pergamon Press 2017 Psychoneuroendocrinology Vol.78 No.-

<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Elevated cortisol does not appear to be associated with regional variations in hippocampal shape.</P>•<P>Novel shape morphology analysis applied to study possible effect of cortisol on hippocampus.</P>•<P>Mean diffusivity in hippocampus is associated with reactive cortisol slope in older men.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P>High, unabated glucocorticoid (GC) levels are thought to selectively damage certain tissue types. The hippocampus is thought to be particularly susceptible to such effects, and though findings from animal models and human patients provide some support for this hypothesis, evidence for associations between elevated GCs and lower hippocampal volumes in older age (when GC levels are at greater risk of dysregulation) is inconclusive. To address the possibility that the effects of GCs in non-pathological ageing may be too subtle for gross volumetry to reliably detect, we analyse associations between salivary cortisol (diurnal and reactive measures), hippocampal morphology and diffusion characteristics in 88 males, aged ∼73 years. However, our results provide only weak support for this hypothesis. Though nominally significant peaks in morphology were found in both hippocampi across all salivary cortisol measures (standardised <I>β</I> magnitudes < 0.518, <I>p<SUB>uncorrected</SUB></I> > 0.0000003), associations were both positive and negative, and none survived false discovery rate correction. We found one single significant association (out of 12 comparisons) between a general measure of hippocampal diffusion and reactive cortisol slope (<I>β</I> <I>=</I> 0.290, <I>p</I> = 0.008) which appeared to be driven predominantly by mean diffusivity but did not survive correction for multiple testing. The current data therefore do not clearly support the hypothesis that elevated cortisol levels are associated with subtle variations in hippocampal shape or microstructure in non-pathological older age.</P></▼2>

Hippocampal morphology and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Valdé,s Herná,ndez, Maria del Carmen,Cox, Simon R.,Kim, Jaeil,Royle, Natalie A.,Muñ,oz Maniega, Susana,Gow, Alan J.,Anblagan, Devasuda,Bastin, Mark E.,Park, Jinah,Starr, John M.,Ward Elsevier 2017 NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Vol.52 No.-

<P>Structural measures of the hippocampus have been linked to a variety of memory processes and also to broader cognitive abilities. Gross volumetry has been widely used, yet the hippocampus has a complex formation, comprising distinct subfields which may be differentially sensitive to the deleterious effects of age, and to different aspects of cognitive performance. However, a comprehensive analysis of multidomain cognitive associations with hippocampal deformations among a large group of cognitively normal older adults is currently lacking. In 654 participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (mean age = 72.5, SD = 0.71 years), we examined associations between the morphology of the hippocampus and a variety of memory tests (spatial span, letter-number sequencing, verbal recall, and digit backwards), as well as broader cognitive domains (latent measures of speed, fluid intelligence, and memory). Following correction for age, sex, and vascular risk factors, analysis of memory subtests revealed that only right hippocampal associations in relation to spatial memory survived type 1 error correction in subiculum and in CA1 at the head (<I>β</I> = 0.201, <I>p</I> = 5.843 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>, outward), and in the ventral tail section of CA1 (<I>β</I> = −0.272, <I>p</I> = 1.347 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>, inward). With respect to latent measures of cognitive domains, only deformations associated with processing speed survived type 1 error correction in bilateral subiculum (<I>β</I><SUB><I>absolute</I></SUB> ≤ 0.247, <I>p</I> < 1.369 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>, outward), bilaterally in the ventral tail section of CA1 (<I>β</I><SUB><I>absolute</I></SUB> ≤ 0.242, <I>p</I> < 3.451 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>, inward), and a cluster at the left anterior-to-dorsal region of the head (<I>β</I> = 0.199, <I>p</I> = 5.220 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>, outward). Overall, our results indicate that a complex pattern of both inward and outward hippocampal deformations are associated with better processing speed and spatial memory in older age, suggesting that complex shape-based hippocampal analyses may provide valuable information beyond gross volumetry.</P>

7차 교육과정 시행 후 초등 보건교사의 보건교육 실태

김경렬(Kyoung-Royl Kim),주현옥(Hyeon-Ok Ju),김영혜(Young-Hae Kim) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2005 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.22 No.1

3-Dimensional Analysis of the Steam-Hydrogen Behavior from a Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident in the APR1400 Containment

Kim Jongtae,Hong Seong-Wan,Kim Sang-Baik,Kim Hee-Dong,Lee Unjang,Royl P.,Travis J. R. Korean Nuclear Society 2004 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.36 No.1

In order to analyze the hydrogen distribution during a severe accident in the APR1400 containment, GASFLOW II was used. For the APR1400 NPP, a hydrogen mitigation system is considered from the design stage, but a fully time-dependent, three-dimensional analysis has not been performed yet. In this study GASFLOW code II is used for the three-dimensional analysis. The first step to analysis involving hydrogen behavior in a full containment with the GASLOW code is to generate a realistic geometry model, which includes nodalization and modeling of the internal structures such as walls, ceilings and equipment. Geometry modeling of the APR1400 is conducted using GUI program by overlapping the containment cut drawings in a graphical file format on the mesh view. The total number of mesh cells generated is 49,476. And the calculated free volume of the APR1400 containment by GASFLOW is almost the same as the value from the GOTHIC modeling. A hypothetical SB-LOCA scenario beyond design base accident was selected to analyze the hydrogen behavior with the hydrogen mitigation system. The source of hydrogen and steam for the GASFLOW II analysis is obtained from a MAAP calculation. Combustion pressure and temperature load possibilities within the compartments used in the GOTHIC analysis are studied based on the Sigma-Lambda criteria. Finally the effectiveness of HMS installed in the APR1400 containment is evaluated from the point of severe accident management